Embryology

Which of the following structures is never visible in any part on a dental intraoral examination? a) Laryngopharynx b) Soft palate c) Nasopharynx d) Oropharynx

a) laryngopharynx

The ______ refer(s) to incremental lines that stain brown in preparations of mature enamel. a) lines of Retzius b) Hunter-Schreger bands c) Tomes granular layer d) imbrication lines of von Ebner

a) line of Retzius

Which of the following can be a risk factor for periodontal disease on the permanent maxillary lateral incisors? a)Linguogingival groove b)Microdontia c)Diastema d)Accessory cusps

a) linguogingival groove

The _____ extends from just below the lateral margin of the eye toward the middle part of the external ear. a) zygomatic arch b) temporomandibular joint c) labial commissure d) infraorbital region

a) zygomatic arch

Which of the following can occur to the permanent incisors to make their mamelons even more noticeable? a)Whitening b)Avulsion c)Diastema d)Attrition

a) whitening

Which period of prenatal development is characterized by increased cellular differentiation? a) Fetal period b) Preimplantation period c) Embryonic period d) Unattached conceptus

b) Preimplantation period

The crown of the mandibular lateral incisor has the greatest degree of variation of any permanent tooth except for the third molars. a) True b) False

b) false

The most common cell type in connective tissue such as the pulp is the a)endothelial cell. b)fibroblast. c)white blood cell. d)odontoblast.

b) fibroblast

Which of the following lingual papillae are involved in the variation of geographic tongue? a) Foliate b) Filiform c) Fungiform d) Circumvallate

b) filiform

The tongue develops from multiple swellings derived from the a) palatal shelves of maxillary process. b) first four pharyngeal or branchial arches. c) outer parts of maxillary process. d) inferior growth of intermaxillary segment.

b) first four pharyngeal or branchial arches

Which lingual papillae appear first during prenatal development? a)Foliate and fungiform lingual papillae b)Foliate and circumvallate lingual papillae c)Filiform and circumvallate lingual papillae d)Fungiform and filiform lingual papillae

b) foliate and circumvallate lingual papillae

The period of time that occurs between 6 and 12 years of age is the ____ dentition period. a) primary b) mixed c) secondary d) permanent

b) mixed

Which of the following permanent teeth can be considered nonsuccedaneous? a) Incisors b) Molars c) Canines d) Premolars

b) molars

Which of the following structures is not part of the enamel organ? a) Outer epithelial cells b) Stellate reticulum c) Odontoblastic layer d) Stratum intermedium

c) Odontoblastic layer

The function of permanent incisors is a)biting and tearing. b)grinding and cutting. c)tearing and grinding. d)biting and cutting.

d) biting and cutting

What initially occurs to the periodontal ligament with periodontitis? a)Cemental attachments by interdental fibers are lost. b)Principal fibers finally become fully organized. c)First fibers involved are apical fibers. d)Bony attachments by Sharpey fibers are lost.

d) bony attachments by sharpey fibers are lost

The permanent dentition has only ____ types of molars; the primary dentition only has two types. a)two b)four c)one d)three

d) three

Why are liners placed during restorative procedures? a)To maximize stem cell growth b)To minimize vibrations c)To allow fibrosis of pulp tissue d)To cover toxic chemical materials

d) to cover toxic chemical materials

Which of the following oral landmarks may be noted on the soft palate? a) Median palatine raphe b) Incisive papilla c)Palatine rugae d) Uvula

d) uvula

Patients with which conditions should never have their thyroids palpated? a) hyperthyroidism b) enlarged thyroids c) goiter d) rabbit fever e) a, b and c f) all of the above

e) a, b, and c

Which of the following is NOT a phase are within mitosis or cell division? a) prophase b) telophase c) anaphase d) metaphase e) repolarization

e) repolarization

By weight, which of the following is considered the most abundant type of basic tissue in body? a) Epithelial tissue b) Muscle tissue c) Connective tissue d) Nerve tissue

c) Connective tissue

What is the special term used for the simple squamous epithelium that lines the vessels and serious cavities of the body? a) Reticular b) Epidermis c) Endothelium d) Pseudostratified columnar

c) Endothelium

In which week of prenatal development does facial development begin in the embryo? a) Second b) Fifth c) Fourth d) Eighth

c) Fourth

Which type of cellular junction attaches the junctional epithelium to the tooth surface? a) Cemental b) Lysosomal c) Hemidesmosomal d) Desmosomal

c) Hemidesmosomal

What is the known etiology of supernumerary teeth? a) Disintegration of associated membranes b) Occlusal trauma involvement c) Hereditary factors d) Infective teratogen considerations

c) Hereditary factors

Which of the following are not skeletal muscles? a) Tongue muscles b) Muscles of upper esophagus c) Linings of blood vessels d) Muscles of facial expression

c) Linings of blood vessels

Which of the following organelles are produced by the Golgi complex and function as well in both intracellular and extracellular digestion by the cell? a) Endoplasmic reticulum b) Nucleus c) Lysosomes d) Ribosomes

c) Lysosomes

Which of the following teeth is the first permanent tooth to erupt into the oral cavity, usually signaling the end of the primary dentition period? a) Maxillary central incisor b) Maxillary first molar c) Mandibular first molar d) Mandibular central incisor

c) Mandibular first molar

Considering the developmental disturbance of cleft palate, which of the following statements is correct? a) Isolated forms are more common in males. b) Isolated forms of cleft palate are more common than cleft lip. c) May be isolated or associated with other abnormalities. d) Cleft uvula is most complicated example.

c) May be isolated of associated with other abnormalities

Which of the following divides each dental arch into quadrants? a) Line angle b) Cervical line c) Midline d) Point angle

c) Midline

What best characterizes the first week of prenatal development so that the blastocyst splits into smaller and more numerous cells? a) Meiosis b) Fertilization c) Mitotic cleavage d) Implantation

c) Mitotic cleavage

Which zone in the pulp contains a nerve and capillary plexus? a)Cell-free zone b)Cell-rich zone c)Pulpal core d)Odontoblastic layer

a) cell-free zone

What exact cells are localized to the neural plate of the embryo during the third week of prenatal development? a) Neuroectoderm b) Mesenchyme c) Somites d) Endoderm

a) Neuroectoderm

Sharpey fibers are located in which of the following types of dental tissue? a)Cementum b)Pulp c)Dentin d)Enamel

a) cementum

What exact cells or structures develop from neuroectoderm and migrate from the neural folds to then join mesoderm to form mesenchyme during the third week of prenatal development? a) Neural crest cells b) Somites c) Mesoderm d) Yolk sac

a) Neural crest cells

Which of the following statements concerning palatal developmental is correct? a) Palatal fusion allows fusion of swellings or tissue from different surfaces of embryo. b) Intermaxillary segment gives rise to secondary palate. c) The nasal cavity forms later than palate. d) The secondary palate gives rise to anterior third of hard palate.

a)

In what direction do the imbrication lines of von Ebner run? a)At 90° to dentinal tubules b)At 90° to periodontal ligament c)At 45° to inner pulpal wall d)At 45° to dentinoenamel junctional

a) 90° to dentinal tubules

What is the approximate amount of inorganic material in mature enamel? a) 96% b) 50% c) 70% d) 65%

a) 96%

Where does development of the initial teeth for both dentitions occur? a) Anterior mandibular region b) Anterior maxillary region c) Posterior mandibular region d) Posterior maxillary region

a) Anterior mandibular region

To complete the palate, in which direction does the involved structures gradually fuse? a)Anterior to posterior b)Right to left c)Posterior to anterior d)Left to right

a) Anterior to posterior

Which embryonic structure is specifically responsible for the development of the root? a)Cervical loop b)Stellate reticulum c)Stratum intermedium d)Enamel organ

a) Cervical loop

Which part of the tooth germ is the primary source for the periodontal ligament of the tooth? a) Dental sac b) Hertwig epithelial root sheath c) Central cells of dental papilla d) Stratum intermedium

a) Dental sac

When does tongue development occur during prenatal development? a) During fourth to eighth week b) During fourth to fifth week c) During eighth to twelfth week d) During eighth to tenth week

a) During fourth to eighth week

Which of the following tissues listed will develop from the ectoderm layer of the embryo during prenatal development? a) Epidermis b) Liver c) Muscle d) Dermis

a) Epidermis

Which of the following statements concerning the zygomatic arch is correct? a) External ear is posterior. b) Infraorbital region is inferior. c) Temporomandibular joint is superior. d) It overlies mandible.

a) External ear is posterior

During what period of prenatal development is most of the permanent dentition formed? a) Fetal period b) Both embryonic and fetal period c) Embryonic period d) Preimplantation period

a) Fetal period

When do the paranasal sinuses develop during prenatal development? a) Fetal period and after birth b) Preimplantation period c) Embryonic period d) Fetal period

a) Fetal period and after birth

During tongue development, what does the epiglottic swelling develop from? a) First four pharyngeal or branchial arches b) Outer parts of maxillary process c) Inferior growth of intermaxillary segment d) Palatal shelves of maxillary process

a) First four pharyngeal or branchial arches

The crystals in the enamel rod groups bend sinusoidally to the right or left at a slightly different angle than do adjacent groups, which is shown in the a) Hunter-Schreger bands. b) Tomes granular layer. c) imbrication lines of von Ebner. d) lines of Retzius.

a) Hunter-Schreger bands

Where in the adult body does reticular connective tissue still predominate? a) Lymph nodes b) Soft palate c) Tendons and bone d) Dermis

a) Lymph nodes

Which paired processes fuse to form the intermaxillary segment internally within the embryo during prenatal development? a)Medial nasal processes b)Lateral nasal processes c)Mandibular processes d)Palatal shelves

a) Medial nasal processes

In which way do the lens placodes migrate after appearing during prenatal development? a) Medially b) Inferiorly c) Anteriorly d) Laterally

a) Medially

Which of the following facial features is located laterally to each naris? a) Nasal ala b) Orbit c) Nasal septum d) Philtrum

a) Nasal ala

What is the main difference between the cell membrane and nuclear envelope within the cell? a) Nuclear envelope is double-layered. b) Nuclear envelope contains cytoplasm. c) Cell membrane contains nucleoplasm. d) Cell membrane has nuclear pores.

a) Nuclear envelope is double-layered.

In which of the following do the final stages of meiosis occur during prenatal development? a) Ovum b) Yolk sac c) Placenta d) Sperm

a) Ovum

Which of the following statements concerning palatal developmental is correct? a) Palatal fusion allows fusion of swellings or tissue from different surfaces of embryo. b)intermaxillary segment gives rise to secondary palate. c)The nasal cavity forms later than palate. d) The secondary palate gives rise to anterior third of hard palate.

a) Palatal fusion allows fusion of swellings or tissue from different surfaces of embyro

Which tooth designation system is most commonly used during orthodontic therapy? a) Palmer Notation Method b) Universal Numbering System c) International Numbering System d) Either Palmer Notation Method or Universal Numbering System

a) Palmer Notation Method

Which of the following is a correct statement concerning the role of neural crest cells in prenatal development of teeth and associated tissue? a) Periodontium formation b) All oral tissue formation c) All cementum formation d) Enamel formation

a) Periodontium formation

Which of the following tissue types provides nutrition for the underlying compact bone? a) Periosteum b) Cancellous bone c) Compact bone d) Cartilage

a) Periosteum

Which of the following involves the engulfing and then digesting of solid waste and foreign material ( or pathogens such as bacteria) by the cell through enzymatic breakdown of the material? a) Phagocytosis b) Intermediate filaments c) Exocytosis d) Endoplasmic reticulum

a) Phagocytosis

What structure partially separates the nasal and oral cavities in the fifth week of prenatal development? a) Primary palate b) Mandibular arch c) Final or definitive palate d) Maxillary process

a) Primary palate

Which of the following structures initially forms during the third week of prenatal development? a) Primitive streak b) Embryoblast layer c) Bilaminar embryonic disc d) Trophoblast layer

a) Primitive streak

Which of the following is an imaginary line representing the long axis of a tooth? a) Root axis line b) Ridge c) Midline d) Sextant

a) Root axis line

Which of the following usually signals the end of the mixed dentition period? a) Shedding of last primary tooth b) Eruption of first primary tooth c) Shedding of first primary tooth d) Eruption of first permanent tooth

a) Shedding of last primary tooth

Which of the following cannot be considered a factor for anodontia? a) Single mutated gene b) Endocrine dysfunction c) Systemic disease d) Excess radiation exposure

a) Single mutated gene

During which week of prenatal development does the neural plate differentiate? a) Third week b) Fifth week c) Fourth week d) Second week

a) Third week

Root concavities are linked to treatment failures due to calculus deposits remaining on their surfaces BUT these depressions also produce a root shape more resistant to occlusal forces a) True b) False

a) True

The head of the mandibular condyle is formed by endochondral ossification that has a multidirectional growth capacity a) True b) False

a) True

Using the Universal Tooth Numbering system, Primary 2nd molars would be designated as: #3, #14, #19, #30 a) True b) False

a) True

What is the term used to describe the amount of time it takes for newly divided cells to be completely replaced throughout a tissue? a) Turnover b) Meiosis c) Fusion d) Mitosis

a) Turnover

What part of the final palate does the secondary palate give rise to? a) Two-thirds of hard palate b) Both hard and soft palate c) Only soft palate region d) Entire hard palate

a) Two-thirds of hard palate

Enamel can be lost by _____, which is caused by increasing the tensile and compressive forces during tooth flexure, which possibly occurs during parafunctional habits with their occlusal loading. a) abfraction b) attrition c) abrasion d) erosion

a) abfraction

In salivary glands, which of the following structures is composed of secretory epithelial cells? a) Acinus b) Excretory duct c) Lobule d) Capsule

a) acinus

The pink labial mucosa or buccal mucosa meets the redder _____ at the mucobuccal fold. a) alveolar mucosa b) marginal gingiva c) attached gingiva d) interdental papilla

a) alveolar mucosa

Which of the following fiber groups is a part of the alveolodental ligament on a single-rooted adult tooth? a)Apical group b)Gingival fiber group c)Interdental ligament d)Circular ligament

a) apical group

Which of the following occurs in mature enamel due to wearing away of hard tissue as a result of tooth-to-tooth contact, especially with increased age? a) Attrition b) Abrasion c) Erosion d) Abfraction

a) attrition

Which of the following structures is not considered part of the periodontium? a)Basal bone b)Alveolar process c)Periodontal ligament d)Cementum

a) basal bone

Which of the following cannot be considered as an answer when wanting to reduce dentinal hypersensitivity in one tooth? a)Bathing tooth in salty solutions b)Placing restoration in sensitive area c)Anesthesia of pulp with local anesthesia d)Blocking ends of dentinal tubules

a) bathing tooth in salty solutions

Of the various epithelia that make up the gingiva, which one does not normally keratinize? a) Both sulcular and junctional epithelia b) Junctional epithelium c) Neither sulcular nor junctional epithelia d) Sulcular epithelium

a) both sulcular and junctional epithelia

The longest tooth in the mandibular arch of the permanent dentition is the mandibular a)canine. b)second premolar. c)central incisor. d)lateral incisor.

a) canine

The fusion of the two palatal shelves with the primary palate is dependent on the a) change in the position of tongue. b) change in position of paranasal sinuses. c) continued vertical growth of all processes. d) ingrowth from maxillary arch.

a) change in the position of tongue

The lingual surfaces of all anteriors have a_____________________? a)cingulum b)linguogingival groove c)lingual pit d)lingula

a) cingulum

Which of these fiber groups does not have any cemental insertion? a)Circular ligament b)Alveodental ligament c)Interradicular group d)Interdental ligament

a) circular ligament

Which of the following terms associated with dentin can be used to correctly describe the type that makes up the largest part of the tooth's dentin? a)Circumpulpal dentin b)Tomes granular layer c)Mantle dentin d)Interglobular dentin

a) circumpupal dentin

The most common type of connective tissue fiber in the periodontal ligament is which of the following fiber groups? a)Collagen b)Elastic c)Oxytalan d)Collagen and elastic fibers

a) collagen

Which of the following features can be noted with marginal gingiva? a) Considered masticatory mucosa b) Opaque in comparison to attached gingiva c) Varying amounts of stippling d) Tightly bound to alveolar process

a) considered masticatory mucosa

Which of the following statements concerning gingival crevicular fluid within a healthy gingival sulcus is correct? a) Contains white blood cells b) Flow rate is fast c) Contains watery salivary components d) Contains secretory IgA

a) contains white blood cells

Which cusp on the permanent maxillary second molar shows the most variability? a)Distolingual cusp b)Distobuccal cusp c)Mesiobuccal cusp d)Distobuccal cusp

a) distolingual cusp

Which of the following represent short dentinal tubules located near the dentinoenamel junction within mature enamel? a) Enamel spindles b) Enamel tufts c) Enamel lamellae d) Enamel rods

a) enamel spindles

The folding of the embryo during prenatal development causes _____ to be on the _____. a) endoderm; inside of embryo b) ectoderm; inside of endoderm c) endoderm; outside of mesoderm d) mesoderm; outside of ectoderm

a) endoderm; inside of embryo

Which of the following is correct concerning permanent mandibular canines and their eruption timetable? a)Erupt before maxillary canines b)Eruption may continue until 14 years of age c)Erupt before most of incisors d)Eruption may start at 12 years of age

a) erupt before maxillary canines

The active transport of material from a vesicle within the cell out into the extracellular environment is termed a) exocytosis. b) interphase. c) phagocytosis. d) endocytosis.

a) exocytosis

The development of the neck parallels the development of the face over time, beginning during the fourth week of prenatal development within the embryonic period and completed during the _____ period. a) fetal b) preimplantation c) embryonic d) embryonic and fetal

a) fetal

What is the most common cell in the lamina propria of oral mucosa? a) Fibroblast b) Lymphocytes c) Mast cell d) Macrophages

a) fibroblast

Which of the following permanent teeth usually show the most attrition of enamel over time? a) First molars b) Second molars c) Third Molars d)All equally show attrition

a) first molars

Which of the following occurs with the true apical migration of the epithelial attachment from advanced periodontal disease? a) Formation of periodontal pocket b) Shallower gingival sulcus c) Association with junctional epithelium lining d) Tightly covered tooth roots

a) formation of periodontal pocket

How many pulp horns does the permanent maxillary second molar usually have? a)Four b)Two c)Three d)Five

a) four

Lateral pulp canals within the pulp chamber extend a)from pulp tissue to the periodontal ligament. b)between two pulp canals as a bridge. c)from the chamber and parallel to another canal. d)vertically toward the cementum.

a) from pulp tissue to the periodontal ligament

The _____ region includes the forehead and area above the eyes. a) frontal b) infraorbital c) temporal d) orbital

a) frontal

The mandibular arch during the embryonic period of prenatal development is the a) fusion of two paired mandibular processes. b) structure that gives rise to lateral nasal process. c) posterior part of hard palate. d) swelling found superior to stomodeum.

a) fusion of two paired mandibular processes

Where are the taste buds located within the circumvallate lingual papillae on the dorsal surface of the tongue? a) Hundreds are surrounding entire base. b) Variable number can be found on most superficial part. c) Located on lateral parts of structure. d) None are present within epithelium.

a) hundreds are surrounding entire base

Anchoring collagen fibers are found a) in the connective tissue adjacent to lamina densa. b) between epithelial cell surface and lamina lucida. c) in the epithelium adjacent to lamina densa. d) between lamina densa and lamina lucida.

a) in the connective tissue adjacent to lamina dura.

What is the small bulge of tissue at the most anterior part of the hard palate? a) Incisive papilla b) Uvula c) Median palatine raphe d) Palatine rugae

a) incisive papilla

The initiation stage of odontogenesis mainly involves the process of a) induction. b) differentiation. c) morphogenesis. d) proliferation.

a) induction

The dark, arclike areas in histologic sections of a tooth are what type of dentin? a)Interglobular dentin b)Mantle dentin c)Tomes granular layer d)Circumpulpal dentin

a) interglobular dentin

Which of the following is NOT true about Bleeding On Probing? a) it is one of the latest signs of gingival inflammation to appear b) it is due to the perio probe damaging the increased blood vessels is the capillary plexus of the lamina propria c) It is symptomatic of the ulceration of the junctional epithelium d) It is often not present or diminished in patients who use nicotine products

a) it is one of the latest signs of gingival inflammation to appear

The connective tissue capsule surrounding the salivary gland is continuous with the connective tissue septa that run between the epithelial components, creating a) lobes and lobules. b) nodes and nodules. c) ducts and acinus. d) channels and ducts.

a) lobes and lobules

Which of the following permanent teeth are usually the first to erupt into the oral cavity? a)Mandibular first molars b)Maxillary central incisors c)Maxillary first premolars d)Mandibular central incisors

a) mandibular first molars

Just distal to the last tooth of the maxillary arch is a tissue-covered elevation of the bone called the a) maxillary tuberosity. b) maxillary arch. c) canine eminence. d) retromolar pad.

a) maxillary tuberosity

What is the midline ridge of tissue on the hard palate? a) Median palatine raphe b) Incisive papilla c) Palatine rugae d) Uvula

a) median palatine raphe

Which of the following is a malignant tumor of pigmentation involving melanin that can appear in the oral cavity? a) Melanoma b) Nevus c) both melanoma and nevus d) Nevus and desmosome

a) melanoma

The tooth surface that is toward the midline of the oral cavity is the a) mesial. b) buccal. c) lingual. d) distal.

a) mesial.

The macrophages found in the connective tissue are derived from a) monocytes. b) neutrophils. c) mast cells. d) basophils.

a) monocytes.

The lips are outlined from the surrounding skin by a transition area called the a) mucocutaneous junction. b) philtrum. c) mucogingival junction. d) mandibular symphysis.

a) mucocutaneous junction

The line of demarcation between the attached gingiva and the alveolar mucosa is the a) mucogingival junction. b) interdental gingiva. c) marginal gingiva. d) mucobuccal fold.

a) mucogingival junction

The fluid part within the nucleus of the cell is called: a) nucleoplasm. b) nuclear envelope. c) tissue fluid. d) cytoplasm.

a) nucleoplasm

Predentin is the initial material laid down by the a)odontoblasts. b)odontoclasts. c)preameloblasts. d)ameloblasts.

a) odontoblasts

The number of cusps present on the masticatory surface of a permanent canine is a)one. b)four. c)two. d)three.

a) one

The lips are fleshy folds that mark the gateway of the _____ cavity proper. a) oral b) mental c) infraorbital d) zygomatic

a) oral

The regions of the face include the frontal, _____, nasal, infraorbital, zygomatic, buccal, oral, and mental regions. a) orbital b) parietal c) temporal d) occipital

a) orbital

Which of the following structures is not discerned (felt or located) upon palpation during an extraoral examination of a patient? a) Parathyroid glands b) Parotid gland c) Lymph nodes d) Thyroid gland

a) parathyroid glands

The nervous system has two main divisions, which include the central nervous system and the _____ nervous system. a) peripheral b) autonomic c) somatic d) parasympathetic

a) peripheral

Lymph from a particular tissue region drains directly into the a) primary nodes. b) lymphatic nodules. c) secondary nodes. d) central nodes.

a) primary nodes

What are the smaller extensions of coronal pulp into the cusps of posterior teeth termed? a)Pulp horns b)Pulp canals c)Lateral canals d)Accessory canals

a) pulp horns

The rests of Malassez are correctly described as a)remnants of Hertwig root sheath. b)similar to the incremental growth lines in enamel. c)remnants of the outer enamel epithelium. d)similar to the incremental growth lines in dentin.

a) remnants of Hertwig root sheath

Similar to connective tissue, most muscles are derived during prenatal development from a) somites of mesoderm. b) neural crest cells. c) ectoderm. d) endoderm.

a) somites of mesoderm.

All of the following are true regarding maxillary and mandibular canines EXCEPT: a)they are usually slightly lighter in color than the other incisors due to thick enamel. b)During occlusal movement, they act as guideposts c)They have the longest roots in their respective arches. d)They are usually last teeth present in an overall failing dentitio. e)They can support bridges and partial dentures

a) they are usually slightly lighter in color than the other incisors due to thick enamel

Which permanent teeth undergo partial anodontia the most within the developing oral cavity? a) Third molars b) Mandibular second premolars c) Maxillary lateral incisors d) Maxillary first premolars

a) third molars

A collection of similarly specialized cells in the body is termed a(n) a) tissue. b) system. c) cell. d) organ.

a) tissue

Which of the following is a projection of the basal or secretory end of each ameloblast that faces the dentinoenamel junction? a) Tomes process b) Hunter-Schreger bands c) Tomes granular layer d) Enamel spindle

a) tomes process

The incisal ridge of incisors can become an incisal edge with attrition. a) True b) False

a) true

The lingual surface of mandibular lateral incisors has more prominent features than mandibular central incisors. a) True b) False

a) true

Silver diamine fluoride is a)used to relieve dentinal hypersensitivity. b)known to stain mineralized dentin and enamel. c)a complex gel infusion of copper fluoride. d)never used with behavioral management patients.

a) used to relieve dentinal hypersensitivity

During cavity preparation of a tooth, care must be taken to preserve the a)vitality of pulp. b)enamel rod fluid. c)cemental vascularity. d)support of dentinal tubules.

a) vitality of pulp

What should a patient, with dental professional encouragement, attempt initially with a short attachment of the lingual frenum that extends to the tongue apex? a)Waiting for improvement b)Surgical correction c)Pharmacologic coverage d)Restricting further movement

a) waiting for improvement

What complication is still possible after the presence of the least complicated form of cleft palate in a patient? a)Velopharyngeal insufficiency affecting speech b)Opening between nasal cavity and oral cavity c)Tight lingual frenum attachment to tongue d)Maxillary arch malocclusion

a)velopharyngeal insufficiency affecting speech

The eruption of tooth #29 usually occurs between _____ years. a)7 and 8 b)11 and 12 c)8 and 9 d)9 and 10

b) 11 and 12

How many buds in the dental lamina appear along each dental arch during odontogenesis of the primary dentition? a) 5 b) 10 c) 20 d) 15

b) 1o

Which of the following embryonic structures becomes the dentinoenamel junction during completion of tooth development? a) Outer enamel epithelium of enamel organ b) Basement membrane between enamel organ and dental papilla c) Inner cells of dental papilla d) Outer cells of dental papilla

b) Basement membrane between enamel organ and dental papilla

Which of the following is not part of the developing pharyngeal or branchial apparatus during cervical development? a) Branchial grooves b) Branchial cleft cysts c) Pharyngeal pouches d) Branchial arches

b) Branchial cleft cysts

Which of the following tissue usually uses both interstitial and appositional growth to attain its final size? a) Mature bone b) Cartilage c) Gingival tissue d) Hard dental tissue

b) Cartilage

Which of the following basic tissue types is usually composed of fewer cells spaced farther apart and containing larger amounts of matrix between the cells? a) Epithelium b) Connective tissue c) Muscle tissue d) Nerve tissue

b) Connective tissue

Which of the following needs to be considered when there appears to be a tooth within a tooth on patient radiograph? a) Fusion b) Dens in dente c) Gemination d) Dilaceration

b) Dens in dente

Which of the following can occur that mainly involves the abnormal development of one or more structures from ectoderm within the embryonic period? a) Fetal alcohol syndrome b) Ectodermal dysplasia c) Congenital syphilis d) Treacher Collins syndrome

b) Ectodermal dysplasia

Which of the following organelles in a cell can appear microscopically either smooth or rough? a) Golgi complex b) Endoplasmic reticulum c) Cytoskeleton d) Lysosomes

b) Endoplasmic reticulum

Which of the following surfaces of a tooth are not difficult to access during dental procedures as well as homecare? a) Line angles b) Facial or lingual surfaces c) Proximal surfaces d) Interproximal space

b) Facial or lingual surfaces

Erythrocytes and thrombocytes both have large, kidney bean-shaped nuclei. a) True b) False

b) False

The International Tooth Numbering System is the most commonly used numbering system in the United States a) True b) False

b) False

When does the blastocyst stop traveling and undergo implantation during prenatal development? a) Fourth week b) First week c) Second week d) Third week

b) First week

Which of the following lingual papillae are located on the lateral surface of the tongue? a) Fungiform papillae b) Foliate papillae c) Circumvallate papillae d) Filiform papillae

b) Foliate papillae

What is the depression on the side of a lymph node where the efferent vessel exits termed? a) Lymphatic nodule b) Hilus c) Efferent vessel d) Afferent vessel

b) Hilus

Which of the following is the main hydrolytic enzyme found in lysosomes? a) Lysozyme b) Hyaluronidase c) Intercellular substance d) Tissue fluid

b) Hyaluronidase

Which of the following statements concerning prenatal development is correct? a) Most congenital malformations occur during last prenatal week. b) Initiation of embryonic layers occurs during first week. c) Structure present during embryonic period is the fetus. d) Maturation of existing structures occurs during second to eighth week.

b) Initiation of embryonic layers occurs during first week.

Which teeth are associated with the further development of the primary palate? a)Mandibular incisors b)Maxillary incisors c)Maxillary canines d)Mandibular posterior teeth

b) Maxillary incisors

During which dentition period may homecare become difficult due to crowding that promotes dental biofilm retention? a) Primary dentition period b) Mixed dentition period c) Permanent dentition period d) Both primary and permanent dentition periods

b) Mixed dentition period

What is the exact term for the process that affords the development of specific tissue structure or differing form due to embryonic cell migration and inductive interactions? a) Folding b) Morphogenesis c) Proliferation d) Appositional or interstitial growth

b) Morphogenesis

The neural crest cells migrate from which embryonic structures during prenatal development? a) Frontonasal process b) Neural folds c) First branchial arch d) Stomodeum

b) Neural folds

Which of the following statements is correct when considering odontogenesis? a) Does not include maturation of the dental tissue. b) Parallels formation of the face. c) Does not have any identifiable stages. d) Has clear-cut beginning and end point to the process.

b) Parallels formation of the face

What is it considered when the patient has a large set of jaws but the dentition appears smaller by comparison? a) Complete macrodontia b) Relative microdontia c) Partial microdontia d) Partial macrodontia

b) Relative microdontia

A patient has a slowly enlarging painless swelling within the lateral neck tissue just inferior to the angle of the mandible and along the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Which of the following should mainly be considered to explain this situation? a) Remnants from maxillary process b) Remnants from hyoid arch c) Formation from mental region d) Remnants from mandibular arch

b) Remnants from hyoid arch

What term describes the movement of the nuclei within the inner enamel epithelium as the tissue forms into preameloblasts? a) Dentinogenesis b) Repolarization c) Maturation d) Disintegration

b) Repolarization

When is the palate formed during prenatal development? a) During one week of prenatal development b) Spanning both embryonic and fetal periods c) After adjacent tongue formation begins d) During fourth week of prenatal development

b) Spanning both embryonic and fetal periods

Which of the following is not associated with the incremental nature of enamel? a) Perikymata b) Tomes granular layer c) Lines of Retzius d) Imbrication lines

b) Tomes granular layer

The sulcular epithelium that creates the gingival sulcus is of _____ type(s) of epithelium, with its cells tightly packed. a) an orthokeratinized b) a nonkeratinized c) a parakeratinized d) both nonkeratinized or parakeratinized

b) a nonkeratinized

Which of the following pulp structures is formed when Hertwig epithelial root sheath encounters a blood vessel? a)Apical foramen b)Accessory canal c)Pulp horn d)Pulp chamber

b) accessory canal

Lack of initiation within the dental lamina results in the absence of a single tooth or multiple teeth, producing a) germination. b) anodontia. c) supernumerary teeth. d) dens in dente.

b) anodontia

Which of the following correctly describes the dentinocemental junction? a)Very well-defined interface microscopically b)Appositional growth of cementum over dentin c)Very well-defined interface clinically d)Interstial growth of dentin over cementum

b) appositional growth of cementum over dentin

Epithelium, unlike connective tissue, is _____, which means that it never has a blood supply of its own. a) stratified b) avascular c) simple d) keratinized

b) avasvular

Cell renewal of the junctional epithelium takes place in the a) external basal lamina. b) basal layer of the tissue. c) lamina propria. d) internal basal lamina.

b) basal layer of the tissue

Which of the following is not associated with dentinal hypersensitivity? a)Enamel and cementum do not meet b)Blocking dentinal tubules c)Branching of dentinal tubules d)Dentin exposed due to caries process

b) blocking dentinal tubules

Where are the dental pulp stem cells located in the pulp of the tooth? a)Cell-free zone b)Cell-rich zone c)Odontoblastic zone d)Pulpal core

b) cell-rich zone

Tooth roots surfaces are covered by which substance? a) enamel b) cementum c) dentin d) alveolus

b) cementum

Which of the following situations can be present at the cementoenamel junction in a mature tooth? a)Dentin overlaps enamel. b)Cementum overlaps enamel. c)Pulp overlaps cementum or dentin. d)Enamel overlaps cementum.

b) cementum overlaps enamel

When many of the cementoblasts become entrapped by the cementum they produce, they become a)odontoblasts. b)cementocytes. c)odontoclasts. d)dental sac cells.

b) cemetocytes

Which of the following statements concerning pigmentation in the oral cavity is correct? a) Pigmentation is most noticeable in alveolar mucosa. b)Clinical levels of pigmentation are controlled by genetic programming. c) Melanin is formed by epithelial basal cells. d) Number of melanocytes differs according to clinical appearances.

b) clinical levels of pigmentation are controlled by genetic programming

Which of the following marks the periodontopathogens for destruction by white blood cells? a) Myoepithelial cell b) Cross-reactive protein c) Thyroxine d) Basal striations

b) cross-reactive protein

The semifluid material contained within cell membrane boundary is the: a) nuclear envelope. b) cytoplasm. c) nucleoplasm. d) tissue fluid.

b) cytoplasm

During tooth development, both the pulp and dentin in the mature tooth are products of the a)dental sac. b)dental papilla. c)epithelium. d)enamel organ.

b) dental papilla

Nonsuccedaneous permanent teeth develop from buds that grow off an extension of a) the posterior part of intermaxillary segment. b) each primary second molar's dental lamina. c) both paired palatal shelves. d) each successional dental lamina.

b) each primary second molar's dental lamina

Implantation of the zygote may also occur outside the uterus during prenatal development with a(n) a) case of ectodermal dysplasia. b) ectopic pregnancy. c) infection with rubella. d) infection with syphilis.

b) ectopic pregnancy

From what structure does the lymph flow out of the lymph node? a) Hilus b) Efferent vessel c) Lymphatic nodule d)Afferent vessel

b) efferent vessel

Which of the following are partially mineralized vertical sheets of enamel matrix that extend from the dentinoenamel junction near the tooth's cervix to the outer occlusal surface? a) Enamel spindles b) Enamel lamellae c) Enamel tufts d) Enamel rods

b) enamel lamellae

The structures closest to the lips are termed _____ or labial. a) lingual b) facial c) buccal d) palatal

b) facial

Lymph flows into the lymph node through many efferent vessels. a) True b) False

b) false

Mandibular central incisors are usually slightly larger than mandibular lateral incisors. a) True b) False

b) false

Which of the following situations may result in your patient experiencing dentin hypersensitivity? a)eating your children's Halloween candy after they go to bed then telling them the dog ate it b)gaps between enamel and cementum c)cementum meeting enamel end-to-end d)cementum overlapping enamel.

b) gaps between enamel and cementum

What occurs when damaging agents enter the junctional epithelium and the gingival tissue undergoes the initial signs of active disease? a) Periodontitis b) Gingivitis c) Gingival recession d) Gingival hyperplasia

b) gingivitis

The reduction in the amount of glandular secretion noted in patients with xerostomia is considered a) ossification. b) hyposalivation. c) dysplasia. d) cystic transformation.

b) hyposalivation

Which of following are metabolically inert substances in the cell that are also considered transient? a) Intermediate filaments b) Inclusions c) Vacuoles d) Lysosomes

b) inclusions

With increased age, the pulp tissue can become a)filled with cementicles. b)increasingly fibrotic. c)displaced by primary dentin. d)increasingly cartilaginous.

b) increasingly fibrotic

During root development, the Hertwig epithelial root sheath is entirely composed of a) inner and outer cells of dental papilla. b) inner and outer enamel epithelium. c) all layers of enamel organ. d) enamel organ and dental papilla.

b) inner and outer enamel epithelium

The intermaxillary segment is an internal wedge-shaped mass that extends inferiorly and deep to the nasal pits on the a)inside of parotid salivary gland. b)inside of stomodeum. c)wall of maxillary sinus. d)wall of pharynx.

b) inside of stomodeum

Between the vermilion zone and the inner oral cavity is the a) philtrum. b) intermediate zone. c) mucogingival junction. d) mucocutaneous junction.

b) intermediate zone

Which of the following is considered correct regarding hyperkeratinization of the oral mucosa? a) It is response to frictional but not chemical trauma. b) It commonly occurs on buccal mucosa with linea alba. c) It is associated with chronic freezing of tissue. d) Changes are reversible even if source of injury is not removed.

b) it only commonly occurs on buccal mucosa with linea alba

The most permeable section of the gingiva is considered which of the following? a) Neither sulcular nor junctional epithelia b) Junctional epithelium c) Sulcular epithelium d) Both sulcular and junctional epithelia

b) junctional epithelium

The maxillary processes on each side of the developing face partially fuse with the mandibular arch on each side to create the a) tubercle. b) labial commissures. c) lower lip. d) philtrum.

b) labial commissures

Where is the tonsillar tissue located in the oral cavity? a) Epithelium b) Lamina propria c) Submucosa d) Basement membrane

b) lamina propria

The alveolar bone proper of the jaws in a mature adult refers to the a)cancellous bone between the alveoli. b)layer of compact bone lining the alveolus. c)bone surrounding the lamina dura. d)part of the jaw that houses the teeth.

b) layer of compact bone lining the alveolus

The _____ is a white ridge of raised callused tissue that extends horizontally at the level where the maxillary and mandibular teeth come together and occlude. a) labial frenum b) linea alba c) parotid papilla d) buccal fat pad

b) linea alba

What are the small, elevated structures of specialized mucosa located on the dorsal surfaces of the tongue, some of which are associated with taste buds? a) Foramen cecum b) Lingual papilla c) Sulcus terminalis d) Parotid papilla

b) lingual papilla

A permanent posterior tooth that is described as being variable in form, having no standard form, and may be crenulated is the____________________________ . a)maxillary 1st premolar b)mandibular 3rd molar c)mandibular 2nd molar d)maxillary 3rd molar

b) mandibular 3rd molar

Which permanent teeth are usually the smallest and have the simplest form? a)Maxillary central incisors b)Mandibular central incisors c)Maxillary lateral incisors d)Mandibular lateral incisors

b) mandibular central incisors

Each body of the maxilla is superior to the teeth and contains the _____ sinuses. a) ethmoidal b) maxillary c) sphenoidal d) frontal

b) maxillary

Which of the incisors is at greatest risk for traumatic fracture due to its anterior and labial position? a)Mandibular central incisor b)Maxillary central incisor c)Maxillary lateral incisor d)Mandibular lateral incisor

b) maxillary central incisor

Which of the following permanent teeth can have a lingual pit that is at risk for caries? a)Mandibular first molar b)Maxillary first molar c)Mandibular first premolar d)Maxillary first premolar

b) maxillary first molar

Which of the following teeth are more commonly involved in partial anodontia? a)Mandibular lateral incisors b)Maxillary lateral incisors c)Mandibular central incisors d)Maxillary central incisors

b) maxillary lateral incisors

Which of the following paranasal sinuses may be compromised with a periapical infection in a permanent maxillary molar or during extraction of maxillary molars? a) Ethmoidal sinuses b) Maxillary sinus c) Sphenoidal sinus d) Frontal sinus

b) maxillary sinus

The philtrum of the upper lip forms during sixth week of prenatal development from the a) mandibular processes. b) medial nasal processes. c) lateral nasal processes. d) nasal placodes.

b) medial nasal processes.

A midline depression on the dorsal surface of the tongue is called the a) labiomental groove. b) median lingual sulcus. c) median palatine raphe. d) sulcus terminalis.

b) median lingual sulcus

The chin is the major feature of the _____ region of the face. a) infraorbital b) mental c) oral d) zygomatic

b) mental

The division of each dental arch into three parts is based on the relationship to the a) lips. b) midline. c) tongue. d) most posterior tooth.

b) midline.

What occurs with aging to the dentinal tubule? a)Stimuli is transmitted in larger amounts b)Narrows with deposition of peritubular dentin c)Stimuli is transmitted more rapidly d)Wider with deposition of intertubular dentin

b) narrows with deposition of peritubular dentin

Where does the dental lamina begin to form first in the developing dental arches? a) Adjacent to mental foramen b) Near midline c) Over the region of future molars d) Adjacent to developing temporomandibular joint

b) near midline

Which of the following is a unique feature of most permanent maxillary molars? a)Furcations b)Oblique ridge c)Central groove d)Transverse ridge

b) oblique ridge

Tubercles are a developmental disturbance that occurs during the cap stage of tooth development with both dentitions, but with the permanent dentition it can be mainly noted on the a) occlusal surface of premolars. b) occlusal surface of third molars. c) cingulum on mandibular lateral incisors. d) cingulum of mandibular canines.

b) occlusal surface of third molars

Dentin in the mature tooth is produced as a result of secretion by a)fibroblasts. b)odontoblasts. c)cementoblasts. d)osteoblasts.

b) odontoblasts

Patients with lip overhang may___________________________? a)have a very concave smile line b)only brush and care for the incisal 2/3 of the labial surfaces of anterior crowns of their teeth. c)have difficulty flossing d)have many lip piercings and exotic tattoos on their buccal mucosa

b) only brush and care for the incisal 2/3 of the labial surfaces of anterior crowns of their teeth

Which of the following should be considered possible results after tooth whitening? a)less cervical dentinal hypersensitivity. b)Oxygen radicals contact interrod enamel stains. c)Permanent results in enamel shade. d)Teeth reflect light in decreased amounts.

b) oxygen radicals contact interrod enamel stains

Which of the following is the only sensation perceived by the brain from the pulp's sensory nerves? a)Temperature b)Pain c)Pressure d)Taste

b) pain

During the sixth week of prenatal development, within the embryonic period, the bilateral maxillary processes give rise to paired a)lateral nasal processes. b)palatal shelves. c)mandibular processes. d)medial nasal processes.

b) palatal shelves

The _____ salivary gland is located irregularly from the zygomatic arch down to the posterior border of the lower jaw. a) submandibular b) parotid c) sublingual d) von Ebner

b) parotid

Which of the following structures protects the opening of the parotid duct of its salivary gland? a) Incisive papilla b) Parotid papilla c) Linea alba d) Labial frenum

b) parotid papilla

The _____ are rounded areas of specialized, thickened ectoderm found at the location of developing special sense organs. a) processes b) placodes c) branchial or pharyngeal arches d) pharyngeal pouches

b) placodes

Which stage of the development of cementum involves root formation? a)Functional stage b)Prefunctional stage c)Secondary stage d)Initial stage

b) prefunctional stage

After they are shed, primary molars are replaced by permanent _________________ (tooth type) a) molars b) premolars c) molars d) cuspids

b) premolars

All of the following types of epithelial cells may be stratified EXCEPT: a) cuboidal b) pseudostratified c) columnar d) squamous

b) pseudostratified

When a patient has a tooth with hypercementosis what may be present? a)Radiolucent mass at involved apex b)Pulpal necrosis due to blocked blood supply to apical foramen. c)Reduction of occlusal trauma or attrition d)Easier extraction if needed

b) pupal necrosis due to blocked blood supply to apical foramen

After the ameloblasts are finished with both enamel appositional growth and maturation, they become part of the a) cervical loop. b) reduced enamel epithelium. c) Hertwig epithelial root sheath. d) odontoclast population.

b) reduced enamel epithelium

Which of the following statements concerning the oblique group of the periodontal ligament is correct? a)Part of gingival fiber group b)Resists intrusive forces to tooth c)Found only in multirooted teeth d)Resists tilting forces to tooth

b) resists intrusive forces to tooth

The extensions or interdigitations of epithelium into connective tissue as appear on histologic section are the a) basement membrane. b) rete ridges. c) squames. d) connective tissue papillae.

b) rete ridges.

The anchorage of the tooth to the alveolar process is mediated through which of the following? a)Interdental ligament b)Sharpey fibers c)Oxytalan fibers d)Both Sharpey and oxytalan fibers

b) sharpey fibers

Which of the following areas of the oral cavity is categorized as a lining mucosa? a) Hard palate b) Soft palate c) Dorsal tongue surface d) Attached gingiva

b) soft palate

Which of the following type of oral mucosa includes the lingual papillae of both the dorsal and lateral surfaces of the tongue? a) Masticatory mucosa b) Specialized mucosa c) Lining mucosa d) Alveolar mucosa

b) specialized mucosa

Most epithelium in the body consists of _____, which includes the superficial layer of the skin and oral mucosa. a) pseudostratified columnar epithelium b) stratified squamous epithelium c) simple squamous epithelium d) endothelium

b) stratified squamous epithelium

Which of the following ducts are connected to the intercalated ducts in the lobules of the salivary gland? a) Intercalated b) Striated c) Excretory d) Both intercalated and striated ducts

b) striated

Which of the following folds or grooves of tissue are located on the floor of the mouth? a) Labiomental groove b) Sublingual folds c) Labial commissure d) Plica fimbriatae

b) sublingual folds

As the tongue develops still further, the copula of the tongue base, after overgrowing the second pharyngeal or branchial arch, merges with the anterior swellings of the first pharyngeal or branchial arch of the tongue body, with the fusion is superficially demarcated by the a) median lingual sulcus. b) sulcus terminalis. c) tuberculum impar. d) copula.

b) sulcus terminalis

One of the functions of the permanent canines is a)biting. b)tearing. c)cutting. d)grinding.

b) tearing

During successful orthodontic therapy which of the following does not occur within the periodontal ligament? a)Similar affects as alveolar process b)Tension with narrower periodontal ligament space c)Interdental ligament reattaches d)Compression zone involves pressure

b) tension with narrower periodontal ligament space

Which of the following statements is FALSE? a) The duct associated with the parotid gland is Stensen's duct b) The duct associated with the submandibular gland is Wartmann's Duct c) The duct associated with the sublingual gland is Bartholin's Duct d) Von Ebner's glands are associated with the circumvallate lingual papillae e) All are correct

b) the duct associated with the submandibluar gland is Wartmann's Duct

Which of the following is true regarding the paranasal sinuses? a) They are lined with respiratory mucosa consisting of simple cuboidal epithelium b) They are lined with respiratory mucosa consisting of pseudostratified columnar epithelium c) Their actual function is unknown d) Similar to nasal cavity mucosa, sinuses contain erectile tissue and goblet cells

b) they are lined with respiratory mucosa consisting of pseudostratified columnar epithelium

The _____ gland, an endocrine gland, can be palpated within the midline cervical area. a) parathyroid b) thyroid c) submandibular d) parotid

b) thyroid

Which of the following will extend through the gingival epithelial cell membrane and thus recognizing the presence of the bacterial endotoxins so as to mobilize the inflammatory response? a) Chromatin b) Toll-like receptors c) Lysosomes d) Tonofilaments

b) toll-like receptors

The philtrum terminates in a thicker area of the midline of the upper lip, the _____ of the upper lip. a) ramus b) tubercle c) septum d) symphysis

b) tubercle

How many X-type chromosomes are necessary for the embryo to become of the female gender when present during prenatal development? a) Four b) Two c) Three d) One

b) two

Which is the most common type of nerves associated with the pulp in a mature erupted tooth? a)Myelinated b)Unmyelinated c)Myelinated and unmyelinated are in equal numbers d)Neither myelinated and unmyelinated nerves are found in pulp

b) unmyelinated

Which of the following salivary glands are associated with the circumvallate lingual papillae and secrete only serous saliva? a) Submandibular b) von Ebner c) Bartholin d) Sublingual

b) von ebner

What fuses with the nasal septum after its formation during prenatal development? a)Posterior one-third of tongue b)Completed palate c)Nasal conchae d)Medial nasal process

b)completed palate

Which type of bone tissue has a Haversian system with osteons? a) Osteoid b) Immature bone c) Compact bone d) Cancellous bone

c) Compact bone

Which of the following permanent teeth has the greatest mesiodistal width of any tooth in the oral cavity? a)#2 b)#31 c)#19 d)#14

c) #19

Which of the following teeth have two forms that involve either a three-cusp type or a two-cusp type? a)#13 b)#28 c)#20 d)#21

c) #20

Which of the following teeth may have a linguogingival groove? a)#24 and #25 b)#27 and #28 c)#7 and #8 d)#12 and #13

c) #7 and #8

How many pairs of somites form the cuboidal segments of mesoderm within the embryo during the third week of prenatal development? a) 18 b) 12 c) 38 d) 42

c) 38

Given the turnover time of junctional epithelium, the evaluation of periodontal therapy should occur after _____ days. a) 5 b) 3 c) 7 d) 2

c) 7

Dentin in a mature tooth is on the average about ____% mineralized by weight. a)65 b)96 c)70 d)50

c) 70

Which of the following nerve fibers are found within dentin? a)B-beta, C-beta, D-delta b)B-beta, C-delta, D fibers c)A-delta, A-beta, C fibers d)A-delta, B-beta, C fibers

c) A-delta, A-beta, C fibers

Which of the following structures separates the epithelium from the connective tissue? a) Endosteum b) Periosteum c) Basement membrane d) Submucosa

c) Basement membrane

The crystalline formation of mature bone consists of mainly of which of the following? a) Osteoid b) Osteocytes c) Calcium hydroxyapatite d) Canaliculi

c) Calcium hydroxyapatite

Which are considered transitional teeth between anterior and posterior teeth in the permanent dentition? a) Incisors b) Second molars c) Canines d) First molars

c) Canines

Which of the following functions are performed by the Golgi complex within the cell? a) Produces energy for cell. b) Produces ribosomes. c) Packages protein compounds. d) Metabolizes foreign compounds.

c) Packages protein compounds.

What is the prenatal organ that joins the pregnant female and the developing embryo during the second week of prenatal development? a) Yolk sac b) Amniotic cavity c) Placenta d) Primitive streak

c) Placenta

Which type of blood cell is directly responsible for immunoglobulin production? a) Neutrophils b) Basophils c) Plasma cells d) Mast cells

c) Plasma cells

Which part of the enamel organ is the main source of the junctional epithelium? a) Outer enamel epithelium b) Inner enamel epithelium c) Stratum intermedium d) Stellate reticulum

c) Stratum intermedium

Which of the following statements concerning the autonomic nervous system is correct? a) Only one division of the autonomic nervous system usually supplies most organs. b) The autonomic nerves are efferent processes, and they are always in one-neuron circuits. c) The autonomic nervous system includes the sympathetic system and the parasympathetic system. d) The autonomic nervous system operates with conscious control.

c) The autonomic nervous system includes the sympathetic and the parasympathetic system.

When two teeth in the same arch come into contact, the curvatures next to the contact areas for spaces considered embrasures. There are apical, incisal, lingual, occlusal and hypoglossal embrasures. a) both statements are true b) both are false c) The first statement is true; the second statement is false d) the first statement is false; the second statement is true

c) The first statement is true, the second statement is false

What is the angled part of the ameloblast that secretes the enamel matrix? a) Disintegrating basement membrane b) Repolarized preameloblasts c) Tomes process d) Inner enamel epithelium

c) Tomes process

During which week of prenatal development is the palate completed? a) Eighth b) Fifth c) Twelfth d) Tenth

c) Twelfth

If a tooth has two roots, how many horizontal epithelial extensions or flaps will be involved in its root formation? a) One b) Four c) Two d) Three

c) Two

Which of the following contribute to the philtrum during prenatal development? a) One lateral nasal process b) One maxillary process c) Two medial nasal processes d) Two mandibular processes

c) Two medial nasal processes

Secondary dentin usually forms within the tooth a)nearest to the dentinoenamel junction. b)before the completion of the apical foramen. c)after the completion of the apical foramen. d)in response to tooth trauma.

c) after the completion of the apical foramen

In which location is the cell body of the odontoblast found in a mature, healthy erupted tooth? a)Near dentinocemental junction b)Along dentinoenamel junction c)Along outer pulpal wall d)Near pulpal core

c) along outer pupal wall

The lamina dura noted on radiographs corresponds to which of the following structures? a)Supporting cancellous bone between teeth b)Basal bone of both jaws c)Alveolar bone proper of alveolar process d)Buccal and lingual cortical plates of jaws

c) alveolar bone proper of alveolar process

Which of the following is not a surface that the junctional epithelium can ever connect to by way of the epithelial attachment? a) Enamel b) Cementum c) Alveolar process d) Dentin

c) alveolar process

Which of the following orofacial structures contains the alveolus of a tooth? a) Retromolar pad b) Zygomatic arch c) Alveolar process d) Vestibular fornix

c) alveolar process

Which of the following is not part of the definitive junctional epithelium on the erupted tooth? a) Stratum intermedium b)Outer enamel epithelium c) Ameloblasts d) Stellate reticulum

c) ameloblasts

Which of the following secretes a basal lamina on the surface that serves as a part of the primary epithelial attachment before the eruption of the tooth and after enamel maturation? a) Epithelial rests of Malassez b) Cementoblasts c) Ameloblasts d) Odontoclasts

c) ameloblasts

A prenatal diagnostic procedure to detect chromosomal abnormalities is a) mitotic cleavage. b) folding. c) amniocentesis. d) bilateral symmetry.

c) amniocentesis

What does the slight depression of the free gingival groove on the outer surface of the gingiva correspond to? a) Amount of gingival crevicular fluid b) Width of outer attached gingiva c) apical border of inner junctional epithelium d) Depth of inner gingival sulcus

c) apical border of inner junctional epithelium

Cellular cementum is most likely found around which of the following root regions? a)Furcation region of root b)Cervical part of root c)Apical part of root d)Entire root of unerupted tooth

c) apical part of root

The main superficial layer of the basement membrane is the _____ and is produced by the epithelium. a) reticular lamina b) lamina lucida c) basal lamina d) lamina densa

c) basal lamina

The primitive streak forms in the embryonic disc during prenatal development, causing a) initiation of palatal development. b) fusion of the mandibular processes. c) bilateral symmetry. d) disintegration of the oropharyngeal membrane.

c) bilateral symmetry

The _____ region of the face is composed of the soft tissue of the cheek. a) orbital b) temporal c) buccal d) infraorbital

c) buccal

The oral tissue closest to the inner cheek is best described as a) palatal. b) labial. c) buccal. d) facial.

c) buccal

The facial part of the alveolus of the ____, the vertically placed eminence, is especially prominent on the maxilla. a) molar b) incisor c) canine d) premolar

c) canine

The smallest living unit of organization in the body is a(n) a) tissue. b) organ. c) cell. d) system.

c) cell

The outermost layer of the root is composed of a) dentin. b) pulp. c) cementum. d) enamel.

c) cementum

Both the attached gingiva and buccal mucosa are mainly pinkish in color and not reddish due to the a) vascularity of lamina propria. b) closeness to bone tissue. c) increased thickness of epithelial layers. d) decreased number of melanocytes.

c) closeness to bone tissue

What type of tissue makes up the bulk of the lamina propria of the oral mucosa? a) Nerve tissue b) Epithelium c) Connective tissue d) Muscle tissue

c) connective tissue

In what direction is the migratory route of the cells as turnover takes place in the junctional epithelium? a) Perpendicular to tooth surface b) Parallel to apical crest of bone c) Coronal direction d) Apical direction

c) coronal direction

The alveolar bone proper may be referred to as the _________________________________because it contains numerous holes where Volkmann canals containing nerves and blood vessels pass through it to the PDL? a)Lamina propria b)Cancellous bone c)Cribriform plate d)Mucoperiosteum

c) cribriform plate

The cementoblasts originate during tooth development from which of the following embryonic structures? a)Enamel organ b)Dental papilla c)Dental sac d)Both enamel organ and dental papilla

c) dental sac

The periodontal ligament directly forms from which part of the developing tooth germ? a)Enamel organ b)Dental papilla c)Dental sac d)Both enamel organ and dental papilla

c) dental sac

The root of the mature and fully erupted tooth is composed of a) pulp, cementum, and periodontal ligament. b) enamel, dentin, and pulp. c) dentin, pulp, and cementum. d) dentin and pulp.

c) dentin, pulp, and cementum

In a young adult, the buccal mucosa may contain Fordyce spots, which refer to a) remnants of tonsillar tissue misplaced in epithelium. b) salivary gland tissue trapped in lamina propria. c) deposits of sebum from misplaced (ectopic) sebaceous gland tissue. d) hyperkeratinized areas from localized tissue trauma.

c) deposits of sebum from misplaced (ectopic) sebaceous gland tissue

The foramen cecum of the tongue is a a) groove pointing toward the pharynx. b) median line demarcating the fusion of the tongue. c) depression at the apex of the sulcus terminalis showing the origin of the thyroid and the migration pathway of the thyroid gland into the neck region.. d) collection of diffuse tonsillar tissue.

c) depression at the apex of the sulcus terminalis showing the origin of the thyroid and the migration pathway of the thyroid gland into the neck region..

Which surface of the permanent maxillary first molars may have increased supragingival tooth deposits? a)Occlusal b)Palatal c)Distobuccal d)Mesiobuccal

c) disobuccal

Where is the lingual tonsil located in the oral cavity? a) Between faucial pillars b) Walls of nasopharynx c) Dorsal tongue surface d) Lateral tongue surface

c) dorsal tongue surface

Enamel matrix is a(n) _____ product, because ameloblasts are derived from the inner enamel epithelium of the enamel organ. a) mesodermal b) endodermal c) ectodermal d) neural crest cell

c) ectodermal

Which of the following is correct when using acid etching? a)Stains demineralized areas temporarily stained black. b)Used to remove nonorganic parts of enamel crystals. c)Enables increased porosity with newly created gaps. d)Increases smear layer of adherent dental biofilm debris.

c) enables increased porosity with newly created gaps

Which of the following portions of the tooth appear more radiopaque on radiographs? a)Alveolar process b)Dentin c)Enamel d)Pulp

c) enamel

During the cap stage of tooth development, the tooth germ consists of a) enamel organ and dental sac. b) dental sac and dental papilla. c) enamel organ, dental sac, and dental papilla. d) enamel organ and dental papilla.

c) enamel organ, dental sac, and dental papilla

The anterior part of the foregut and will form the primitive pharynx and the foregut is originally derived from the a) mesoderm embryonic cell layer. b) neural crest cells. c) endoderm embryonic cell layer. d) ectoderm embryonic cell layer.

c) endoderm embryonic cell layer

Which of the following ducts are located in the septum of the salivary gland? a) Intercalated b) Striated c) Excretory d) Both intercalated and striated ducts

c) excretory

The palatine tonsils are two rounded masses of variable size located between the a) lymph nodes. b) parathyroid glands. c) faucial pillars. d) base and body of the tongue.

c) faucial pillars

The most common cell in the periodontal ligament is the a)osteoclast. b)odontoclast. c)fibroblast. d)cementoblast.

c) fibroblast

Which of the following lingual papillae are involved in the lesion of black hairy tongue? a) Foliate b) Circumvallate c) Filiform d) Fungiform

c) filiform

Which of the following permanent molars is the largest in both dental arches? a)Third molar b)Second molar c)First molar d)All molars are about same size.

c) first molar

Which of the following is not a considered factor for the amount of scar tissue that can occur after injury? a) Wound size b) Tissue movement c) Fordyce spots d) Wound type

c) fordyce spots

How many pulp horns does the permanent mandibular second molar have? a)Five b)Six c)Four d)Two

c) four

Surrounding the teeth in the alveoli and covering the alveolar processes is the _____, which is composed of a firm pink tissue. a) linea alba b) Fordyce spots c) gingiva d) minor salivary glands

c) gingiva

Which of the following fiber groups of the periodontal ligament does not contribute significantly to each tooth's anchorage in the jaws? a)Alveodental fiber group b)Interdental fiber group c)Gingival fiber group d)Interradicular fiber group

c) gingival fiber group

The most common response to a biologic width violation is a) hyperplasia. b) bone resorption. c) gingival inflammation. d) cervical caries.

c) gingival inflammation

Which of the following statements is correct when considering accessory canals? a)Radiographs always indicate number and position. b)All teeth have standard number. c)Gingival recession may expose opening. d)Examined by placement of radiolucent materials.

c) gingival recession may expose opening

Enamel rods interdigitate at each cusp tip to form a complex known as a) imbrication lines. b) perikymata. c) gnarled enamel. d) nterrod enamel.

c) gnarled enamel

By the end of the first week of prenatal development, the blastula stops traveling and undergoes a) amniocentesis. b) migration. c) implantation. d) disintegration.

c) implantation

The developmental disturbance of cleft lip is more commonly found a) on lower lip. b) bilaterally. c) in males. d) on right side.

c) in males

The small paired nasopalatine canals are represented in the mature hard palate by the a)medial lingual sulcus. b)palatal rugae. c)incisive foramen. d)median palatine raphe.

c) incisive foramen

Which part of both of the jaws contains cancellous bone? a)Cortical bone b)Alveolar crest c)Interdental septum d)Alveolar bone proper

c) interdental septum

During prenatal development, the oropharyngeal membrane of the embryo a) consists of three embryonic layers. b) is located superior to maxillary process. c) is located superior to first branchial arch. d) disintegrates during third week of prenatal development.

c) is located superior to first branchial arch.

Which of the following is true regarding an enlarged thyroid gland? a) It is a result of a thyroglossal duct cyst b)it is a result of ectopic thyroid tissue present in the oropharynx c) it is considered a goiter d) it is caused by rabbit bites

c) it is considered a goiter

Which of the following has the highest rate of turnover? a) Oral epithelium b) Sulcular epithelium c) Junctional epithelium d) All have equally high rate

c) junctional epithelium

Which of the following statements concerning granulation tissue formation during the repair process in the oral mucosa is correct? a) Appears as dried dark red scab. b) Has more fibers in lamina propria. c) Later replaced by firmer and paler scar tissue. d) Has decreased number of blood vessels.

c) later replaced by firmer and paler scar tissue

Which of the following can cause patients to have problems performing adequate homecare on the permanent mandibular premolars? a)Buccal crown inclination b)Narrow lingual surfaces c)Lingual crown inclination d)Wide lingual surfaces

c) lingual crown inclination

Which of the following teeth are the succedaneous replacements for the primary maxillary first molars? a)Maxillary first molars b)Maxillary second premolars c)Maxillary first premolars d)Maxillary second molars

c) maxillary first premolars

A type of cleft lip can result during prenatal development from the lack of fusion between _____ processes. a) two lateral nasal b) mandibular and maxillary c) medial nasal and maxillary d) lateral nasal and medial nasal e) lateral nasal and maxillary

c) medial nasal and maxillary

The _____ is a superficial demarcation of the line of fusion of the two lateral lingual swellings during tongue development, as well as that of a deeper fibrous structure. a) sulcus terminalis b) copula c) median lingual sulcus d) tuberculum impar

c) median lingual sulcus

To palpate the lower jaw moving at the temporomandibular joint on a patient, a finger is placed into the external ear canal during a) rest. b) swallowing. c) movement. d) eye closure.

c) movement

The main feature of the _____ region of the face is the external nose. a) infraorbital b) temporal c) nasal d) zygomatic

c) nasal

The dental lamina is an embryonic structure that develops from the a) neural crest cells. b) mesenchyme. c) oral epithelium. d) endodermal layer.

c) oral epithelium.

The specialized, metabolically active structures within the cell are called: a) nuclear pores. b) vacuoles. c) organelles. d) chromosomes.

c) organelles

The mucogingival junction is absent from which of the following oral surfaces? a) Lingual surface of mandibular arch b) Facial surface of mandibular arch c) Palatal surface of maxillary arch d) Buccal surface of maxillary arch

c) palatal surface of maxillary arch

Which of the following tissue types is most likely the source of cementogenic cells in adults who have undergone root planning? a)Bone marrow b)Residual cementum patches c)Periodontal ligament d)Alveolar process

c) periodontal ligament

When the deeper tissue of the periodontium is affected by periodontal disease, what is this condition now considered to be? a) Gingivitis b) Gingival hyperplasia c) Periodontitis d) Gingival recession

c) periodontitis

Adult teeth, or _____ teeth, also include all the same teeth as the primary teeth as well as premolars. a) primary b) baby c) permanent d) deciduous

c) permanent

Why are the lips red? a) perma-stain from eating berries back when we were cave dwellers b) large amount of heme in labial tissues c) presence of blood vessels seen through a translucent mucous membrane d) red color inherent in mucous membranes

c) presence of blood vessels seen through a translucent mucous membrane

What type of dentin occurs when odontoblasts in the area of the traumatized tubules may perish because of the injury, but neighboring undifferentiated mesenchymal cells of the pulp can move to the area and become odontoblasts? a)Mantle dentin b)Sclerotic dentin c)Reparative dentin d)Reactive dentin

c) reparative dentin

The primary significance of biologic width to the clinician is its importance relative to the position of the a) dentinoenamel junction. b) cementoenamel junction. c) restorative margin. d) occlusal table margin.

c) restorative margin

Which of the following statements concerning salivary glands is false? a) Mucoserous acini have both mucous cells and serous demilunes. b) Myoepithelial cells aid in forcing saliva out of the lumens of acini, as well as signalizing the secretory cells and protecting the salivary gland tissue. c) Saliva supplies minerals for subgingival calculus formation. d) Saliva supplies minerals for supragingival calculus formation.

c) saliva supplies minerals for sublingual calculus formation

Which of the following may be involved in the disruption of the vermilion zone and may make it hard to determine the exact location of its mucocutaneous junction between the lips and the surrounding skin? a) Cleft palate b) Hypercalcification c) Scar tissue d) Symmetry

c) scar tissue

The secretory cells surrounding the lumen of the acini consist of which type of epithelial tissue? a) pseudostratified epithelium b) stratified cuboidal epithelium c) simple cuboidal epithelium d) simple squamous epithelium e) stratified squamous epithelium

c) simple cuboidal epithelium

When comparing the arches of the two dentitions, one arch of the primary dentition usually contains a) four more total teeth. b) two more incisors. c) six fewer total teeth. d) four fewer molars.

c) six fewer total teeth.

Which of the following salivary glands is unencapsulated? a) Submandibular gland b) Parotid gland c) Sublingual gland d) Both parotid and sublingual glands

c) sublingual gland

Which of the following oral landmarks separates the base from the body of the tongue? a) Plica fimbriatae b) Lingual tonsil c) Sulcus terminalis d) Sublingual fold

c) sulcus terminalis

Just inferior to the zygomatic arch and just anterior to the external ear is the a) infraorbital region. b) parotid gland. c) temporomandibular joint. d) mental region.

c) temporomandibular joint

Angles Class I molar relationship describes an occlusion where a)the distobuccal cusp tip of the permanent first maxillary molar occludes with the buccal groove of the permanent mandibular first molar b)the mesiobuccal cusp tip of the permanent first maxillary molar occludes with the interdental groove between permanent mandibular first and second molar c)the mesiobuccal cusp tip of permanent first maxillary molar occludes with the buccal groove of permanent mandibular first molar d)the palatal cusp tip of the permanent first maxillary molar occludes with the central pit of the mandibular first molar

c) the mesiobuccal cusp tip of permanent first maxillary molar occludes with the buccal groove of permanent mandibular first molar

Which of the following orofacial structures contributes to the prominence of the neck that is also called the "Adam's apple"? a) Sublingual salivary gland b) Hyoid bone c) Thyroid cartilage d) Submandibular salivary gland

c) thyroid cartilage

The area between two adjacent tooth surfaces is the________________surface. a) mesial b) distal c) height of contour d) interproximal

d) Interproximal

Which of the following teeth have the greatest depth of curvature of the cementoenamel junction on the mesial surface? a)#24 b)#14 c)#6 d)#8

d) #8

Which of the following range of eruption dates of the listed teeth is correct? a)#23: 6 to 7 years b)#27: 11 to 12 years c)#11: 10 to 11 years d)#8: 7 to 8 years

d) #8: 7 to 8 years

What is the approximate percentage of times that the permanent maxillary first premolar has one root? a)100% b)50% c)47% d)20%

d) 20%

Which of the following statements concerning facial development is correct? a) The overall growth of face is in superior and posterior direction in relationship to cranial base. b) The paired maxillary processes fuse at midline to form mandibular arch. c) The face and its related tissue begin to form during sixth week of prenatal development. d) All three embryonic layers are involved in facial development.

d) All three embryonic layers are involved in facial development.

Which of the following statements concerning tongue disturbances is correct? a) Ankyloglossia results from long attachment of lingual frenum. b) Abnormalities of tongue are common. c) Lingual frenum is never surgically cut anymore to free it. d) Ankyloglossia may be associated with other craniofacial abnormalities.

d) Ankyloglossia may be associated with other craniofacial abnormalities

Which stage of tooth formation occurs for the primary dentition during the eleventh and twelfth week of prenatal development? a) Initiation stage b) Cap stage c) Bud stage d) Bell stage

d) Bell stage

Which of the following statements concerning Fordyce spots is correct? a) Composed of salivary gland tissue b) Located on attached gingiva c) Indicate disease state in tissue d) Composed of sebum from sebaceous tissue

d) Composed of sebum from sebaceous tissue

Which of the following can occur with aging to the disc of the temporomandibular joint? a) Removal of cartilage b) Removal of bone c) Deposition of bone d) Deposition of cartilage

d) Deposition of cartilage

Which of the following specifically orchestrates the future crown form of the tooth, such as cusps in developing posterior teeth? a) Dental sac b) Dental papilla c) Cervical loop d) Enamel knot

d) Enamel knot

From which embryonic layer is mesoderm derived during prenatal development? a) Hypoblast layer b) Neuroectoderm c) Endoderm d) Epiblast layer

d) Epiblast layer

Which of the following tissue types covers and lines both the external and internal body surfaces? a) Connective tissue b) Adipose c) Cartilage d) Epithelium

d) Epithelium

Which of the following appears as very red soft tissue that bleeds easily after injury or surgery and can be present after extraction of 3rd molars or with chronic periodontal disease ? a) Keratin b) Melanin c) Keratohyaline granules d) Granulation tissue

d) Granulation tissue

Which of the following characteristics is noted in a patient during the primary dentition period as compared with the permanent dentition period? a) Larger overall crowns b) Longer roots c) Greater number of teeth d) Lighter enamel color

d) Lighter enamel color

Which of the following is the most common complication associated with dens in dente? a) Macrodontic tooth size b) Hypercementosis of root surface c) Abnormal arch spacing d) Lingual pit formation

d) Lingual pit formation

Which of the following facial structures is formed from the mandibular arch during prenatal development? a) Nose b) Philtrum c) Forehead d) Lower face

d) Lower face

What does the maxillary process form from during the fourth week of prenatal development? a) Intermaxillary segment b) Medial nasal processes c) Lateral nasal processes d) Mandibular arch

d) Mandibular arch

Which of the following completions of development allows the paired nasal cavity and the single oral cavity in the fetus to become completely separate? a)Tongue and nasal septum completion b)Tongue completion c)Final palate completion d)Nasal septum and final palate completion

d) Nasal septum and final palate completion

Which of the following orofacial structures is located in the midline of the face or neck? a) Submandibular salivary gland b) Parotid salivary gland c) Naris and ala d) Philtrum

d) Philtrum

From which structure during prenatal development is the palatine tonsillar tissue derived? a) First branchial arches b) First pharyngeal pouches c) Second branchial arches d) Second pharyngeal pouches

d) Second pharyngeal pouches

Which of the following statements concerning active eruption of a permanent succedaneous tooth is correct? a) First junctional epithelium is from surrounding dental sac. b) Tooth actively erupts as gingival recession occurs. c) Tooth erupts when root is completed. d) Shedding of associated primary tooth is intermittent.

d) Shedding of associated primary tooth is intermittent.

What is connective tissue directly derived from during prenatal development? a) Neural crest cells b) Ectoderm c) Endoderm d) Somites of mesoderm

d) Somites of mesoderm

Found in early prenatal development, the neural tube will form in the future which of the following structures? a) Digestive tract b) Heart c) Face d) Spinal cord

d) Spinal cord

What happens to the specific cells from the enamel organ that will differentiate into preameloblasts? a)Their cellular contents mineralize. b)Their length shortens. c)They line up along basement membrane. d)Their nuclei repolarize.

d) Their nuclei repolarize.

Which of the following structures can be palpated in the anterior midline of the neck? a) Submandibular salivary gland b) Parathyroid glands c) Sternocleidomastoid muscle d) Thyroid cartilage

d) Thyroid cartilage

Which of the following statements concerning tongue development is correct? a)Tongue develops during eighth week of prenatal development. b)Copula is formed from fusion of mesenchyme from mainly second parts of fourth pharyngeal or branchial arches. c)Foramen cecum is beginning of thymus. d)Tongue development begins as triangular median swelling or tuberculum impar.

d) Tongue development begins as a triangular median swelling or tuberculum impar

If there is failure of migration of the neural crest cells to the facial region during prenatal development, _____ can develop in the embryo. a) ectodermal dysplasia b) fetal alcohol syndrome c) Down syndrome d) Treacher Collins syndrome

d) Treacher Collins syndrome

What is the most common type of collagen protein in the body? a) Type III b) Type II c) Type IV d) Type I

d) Type I

Which of the following is the tooth designation system that uses the digits 1 through 32? a) Palmer Notation Method b) International Numbering System c) Military Tooth Numbering System d) Universal Numbering System

d) Universal Numbering System

Which of the following is not considered a component of the cytoskeleton within a cell? a) Microtubules b) Intermediate filaments c) Microfilaments d) Vacuoles

d) Vacuoles

Which of the following is an enamel loss that results from friction caused by excessive toothbrushing and abrasive toothpaste? a) Abfraction b) Erosion c) Attrition d) Abrasion

d) abrasion

Which of the following is not a nerve that innervates the tongue as noted during somite formation with prenatal development? a)Trigeminal nerve b)Glossopharyngeal nerve c)Vagus nerve d)Accessory nerve

d) accessory nerve

Which of the following is not a usual way for erosion of enamel to occur? a)Drinking carbonated drinks b)Gastric reflux c)Bulimia d)Acid production by cariogenic bacteria

d) acid production by cariogenic bacteria

When the pharyngeal tonsils become enlarged as is common in children, they are then considered the a) lymphatic nodules. b) germinal centers. c) follicles. d) adenoids.

d) adenoids

In which part of the alveolar process is the loss of bone from periodontitis first evident? a)Interradicular bone b)Basal bone c)Supporting alveolar bone d)Alveolar crest

d) alveolar crest

Enamel matrix is produced by the _____ cells. a) odontoclasts b) odontoblasts c) cementoblasts d) ameloblasts

d) ameloblasts

Which of the following cell types are not renewable during the lifetime of the tooth? a) Cementoblasts b) Odontoclasts c) Odontoblasts d) Ameloblasts

d) ameloblasts

Which way does the sulcus terminalis point toward the oropharynx after tongue development? a)Downward b)Upward c)Forward d)Backward

d) backward

Which type of bone is only present in an area of anodontia? a)Cortical bone b)Trabecular bone c)Alveolar bone proper d)Basal bone

d) basal bone

Attachment plaques and tonofiliments are both components of ____________________? a) intercellular substance b) endoplasmic reticulum c) intercellular junctions d) basement membrane

d) basement membrane

In what part of the erupted tooth is mature enamel noted? a) Anatomic crown b) Anatomic root c) Both anatomic root and clinical root d) Both anatomic crown and clinical crown

d) both anatomic crown and clinical crown

How does mature enamel appear on a radiograph as compared to dentin or pulp of the erupted tooth? a) Radiopaque b) Radiolucent c) Both dense and radiolucent d) Both dense and radiopaque

d) both dense and radiopaque

Which of the following is considered part of the dentogingival junctional tissue within a healthy oral cavity? a) Periodontal epithelium b) Junctional epithelium c) Sulcular epithelium d) Both junctional and sulcular epithelia

d) both junctional and sulcular epithelia

Which part of the periodontal ligament is noted to be wider in a healthy adult tooth? a)Between apex and cervix b)Near cervix c)Near apex d)Both near apex and cervix

d) both near apex and cervix

When the second pharyngeal or branchial groove occasionally does not become obliterated, it has parts that remain after cervical development and can form a a) pharyngeal pouch. b) branchial arch. c) branchial membrane. d) branchial cleft cyst.

d) branchial cleft cyst

On which of the following orofacial tissue is the linea alba located? a) Marginal gingiva b) Attached gingiva c) Labial mucosa d) Buccal mucosa

d) buccal mucosa

What is one difference in the repair process of the oral mucosa as compared to that of the skin? a) Fibroblasts migrate to produce immature connective tissue. b) Epithelial cells at the periphery of the injury will lose their demosomal junctions and migrate to form a new epithelial surface layer beneath the clot. c) Inflammatory response is triggered. d) Clot stays moist over time, instead of dry scab

d) clot stays moist over time, instead of dry scab

The interdental gingiva assumes a nonvisible concave form between the facial and lingual gingival surfaces called the a) papilla. b) free gingival crest. c) gingival apex of the contour. d) col.

d) col

Which of the following are a number of adjoining parallel imbrication lines that are present in stained dentin? a)Arrest lines b)Lines of Retzius c)Reversal lines d)Contour lines of Owen

d) contour lines of Owen

The basic shapes of tooth roots upon cervical cross-section include all of the following EXCEPT: a) triangular b) oval c) elliptical d) convex

d) convex

Which of the following is not visible at all on bitewing radiographs? a)Trabecular bone b)Periodontal space c)Lamina dura d)Cortical bone

d) cortical bone

An older dental term for primary teeth is the _____ dentition. a) second b) mixed c) succedaneous d) deciduous

d) deciduous

Which of the following changes can occur in the oral mucosa as it ages? a) Increase in lingual papillae on dorsal tongue surface b) Increase in rete ridges in epithelium c) Decrease in lingual veins on ventral surface of tongue d) Decrease in taste buds with lingual papillae

d) decrease in taste buds with lingual papillae

Which of the following includes the tissue fluid surrounding the cell membrane of the odontoblast? a)Lymph b)Synovial fluid c)Gingival crevicular fluid d)Dentinal fluid

d) dentinal fluid

Which of the following can occur with an excessive amount of systemic fluoride during tooth development? a)Enamel abfraction b)Enamel caries c)Enamel erosion d)Enamel dysplasia

d) enamel dysplasia

Which of the following are noted as small, dark brushes with their bases near the dentinoenamel junction within mature enamel? a) Enamel rods b) Enamel lamellae c) Enamel spindles d) Enamel tufts

d) enamel tufts

Which of the following can occur to mature enamel with a case of bulimia? a) Attrition b) Abrasion c) Abfraction d) Erosion

d) erosion

Treatment of peg laterals may include which of the following EXCEPT? a) composite bonding b) veneers c) orthodontic treatment d) extraction followed by autologous grafting with leftover baby teeth

d) extraction followed by autologous grafting with leftover baby teeth

The frontonasal process is a swelling that appears over the developing brain in the embryo during prenatal development and forms the future a) otic placodes. b) neck area. c) mandibular arch. d) forehead.

d) forehead

Which of the following is a factor that makes the permanent canines stable teeth within the dentition? a)Short root overall b)Rough crown form c)Lingual root concavities d)Guideposts during lateral deviation

d) guideposts during lateral deviation

Which of the following regions in the oral cavity has the lowest turnover times? a) Floor of the mouth b) Attached gingiva c) Buccal and labial mucosa d) Hard palate

d) hard palate

The epithelial attachment refers to the internal basal lamina and the a) apical layer of junctional epithelium. b) interface of junctional epithelium with tooth. c) desmosomes of the prickle cell layer. d) hemidesmosomes of the suprabasal cells.

d) hemidesmosomes of the suprabasal cells

The alveolar process between two neighboring teeth is specifically called the _____ bone. a)interradicular b)trabecular c)basal d)interdental

d) interdental

Which of the following is not a part of the gingival fiber group? a)Circular fiber group b)Dentoperiosteal fiber group c)Alveologingival fiber group d)Interdental fiber group

d) interdental fiber group

Enamel hypocalcification is a type of enamel dysplasia that involves a) a reduction in quantity of enamel matrix. b) an increased number of ameloblasts. c) grooves and pitting on enamel surface. d) interference in metabolic processes of ameloblasts.

d) interference in metabolic processes of ameloblasts

Which of the following gingival tissue lines the floor of the gingival sulcus in a healthy situation? a) Attached gingiva b) Marginal gingiva c) Sulcular epithelium d) Junctional epithelium

d) junctional epithelium

The number of mamelons seen on a newly erupted permanent maxillary central incisor is a)four. b)one. c)two. d)three.

d) three

Around the lingual swellings, the cells degenerate, forming a sulcus, which frees the body of the tongue from the floor of the mouth, except for the attachment of the a)nasal septum. b)tuberculum impar. c)copula. d)lingual frenum.

d) lingual frenum

The process of ____________________________results in enlarged lymph nodes with a change in the consistency of the lymphoid tissue. a) lymphedema b) lymphoma c) lymphadenitis d) lymphadenopathy

d) lymphadenopathy

The sharp angle of the lower jaw inferior to the earlobe is termed the angle of the a) temporomandibular joint. b) maxilla. c) zygomatic arch. d) mandible.

d) mandible

One of the muscles forming the cheek is the strong _____ muscle, which is felt when a patient clenches the teeth together. a) medial pterygoid b) lateral pterygoid c) temporalis d) masseter

d) masseter

The attached gingiva of the oral cavity consists of which type of oral mucosa? a) Specialized mucosa b) Lining mucosa c) Alveolar mucosa d) Masticatory mucosa

d) masticatory mucosa

All of the following teeth generally have two roots EXCEPT___________________? a)maxillary 1st premolar b)mandibular 1st molar c)mandibular 2nd molar d)maxillary 2nd premolar

d) maxillary 2nd premolar

Which of the following permanent molars have the highest prevalence of root fusion? a)Mandibular first molars b)Mandibular second molars c)Maxillary first molars d)Maxillary second molars

d) maxillary second molars

Which of the following needs to be considered when dealing with pain and symptoms of infection in maxillary premolars due to the location of their roots? a)Syphilis b)Ludwig angina c)Rabbit Fever d)Maxillary sinusitis

d) maxillary sinusitis

Which of the following is a correct statement concerning permanent maxillary canines? a)Resemble maxillary incisors but are weaker looking b)Single cusp tip not as sharp as mandibular one c)Mesial and distal aspects present oval outline d)May fail to erupt fully and remain impacted

d) may fail to erupt fully and remain impacted

Which of the following is not a root that can be found on a permanent maxillary molar? a)Palatal b)Mesiobuccal c)Distobuccal d)Mesial

d) mesial

What is the developmental disturbance that causes a peg molar? a)Impaction b)Serious infection c)Supernumerary involvement d)Microdontia

d) microdontia

The overlapping period between the primary and permanent dentition is best considered the _____ period. a) secondary b) deciduous c) adult d) mixed dentition

d) mixed dentition

The _____ are separated by the midline nasal septum. a) zygomatic arches b) alae c) commissures d) nares

d) nares

Which of the following is a pronounced incremental line in enamel? a) Imbrication line of von Ebner b) Enamel lamella c) Tomes granular layer d) Neonatal line

d) neonatal line

Which of the following zones in pulp is closest to the dentin? a)Pulpal core b)Cell-rich zone c)Cell-free zone d)Odontoblastic layer

d) odontoblastic layer

The outer cells of the dental papilla are induced to differentiate during tooth development into a) pulp tissue. b) cementoblasts. c) preameloblasts. d) odontoblasts.

d) odontoblasts

Which of the following types of dental tissue provides the vascular nutrition for the tooth's cementum? a)Dentin b)Epithelial cells c)Alveolar process d)Periodontal ligament

d) periodontal ligament

With occlusal trauma, there can be a widening of the a)periodontal space. b)periodontal ligament. c)lamina dura. d)periodontal space, periodontal ligament, and lamina dura.

d) periodontal space, periodontal ligament, and lamina dura

Which of the following includes both the supporting soft and hard dental tissue between and including parts of the tooth and surrounding bone? a)Periodontal ligament b)Alveolar bone proper c)Alveolar process d)Periodontium

d) periodontium

The resorption process within the dentin can result in a clinically presentation of a a)silver-hued tooth. b)carious tooth. c)pulp with stones. d)pinkish crown color.

d) pinkish crown color

The clinical attachment level is the measurement of the a) length of crown in relationship to the root. b) position of cementoenamel junction in relationship to the alveolar crest. c) thickness of gingiva in relationship to the root. d) position of gingiva in relation to the cementoenamel junction.

d) position of gingiva in relation to the cementoenamel junction

On radiographs, the periodontal ligament appears as a a)spongy material between the alveolus and alveolar bone proper. b)radiopaque line covering the alveolar bone proper. c)lamina dura surrounding the alveolus. d)radiolucent space surrounding the alveolus.

d) radiolucent space surrounding the alveolus

What part of the mandible extends upward and backward from the body of the mandible on each side? a) Coronoid process b) Coronoid notch c) Mandibular symphysis d) Ramus

d) ramus

Which of the following occurs with the deposition of minerals into mature enamel? a)Erosion b)Demineralization c)Abfraction d)Remineralization

d) remineralization

Enamel _____form the crystalline structural unit of enamel. a) granules b) cuticles c) tubules d) rods

d) rods

The fusion of the maxillary and medial nasal processes to form the upper lip is completed during the end of the _____ week of prenatal development, when the grooves between the processes are obliterated. a) fourth b) fifth c) sixth d) seventh

d) seventh

Which of the following is a not a prominent histologic characteristic of pocket epithelium? a) Ulceration b) Gingival hyperplasia c) Wrinkled papillary relief d) Smooth interface

d) smooth interface

The large strap muscle, the _____ muscle, is located on each side of the neck. a) medial pterygoid b) masseter c) lateral pterygoid d) sternocleidomastoi

d) sternocleidomastoid

Functions of the permanent incisors include: a)support the lips and face b)maintain vertical dimension of the face. c)involved during the articulation of speech d)grind and chew food e)cut, bite, pierce and tear food f)a, b, c, e g)all of the above are true

f) a, b, c, e