Emerging Technologies (Lesson 3)

Branches Of Artifical Intelligence

- Machine Learning - Deep Learning - Natural Language Processing - Robotics - Fuzzy Logic - Expert System

Categories of Machine Learning

- Supervised Learning - Unsupervised Learning - Reinforcement Learning

(1980-1987)

A boom of AI

Year 2006

AI came in the Business world. Companies like Facebook, Twitter, and Netflix also started using AI.

Surveillance

AI has made it possible to develop face recognition Tools which may be used for surveillance and security purposes. As a result, this empowers the systems to monitor the footage in real-time and can be a pathbreaking development in regards to public safety.

Space Exploration

AI systems are being developed to scale back the danger of human life that venture into the vast realms of the undiscovered and unraveled universe which is a very risky task that the astronauts need to take up.

Year 1980

After AI winter duration, AI came back with "Expert System". Expert systems were programmed that emulate the decision-making ability of a human expert.

Applications Of Artificial Intelligence in Education

Although the education sector is the one most influenced by humans, Artificial Intelligence has slowly begun to seep its roots into the education sector as well. Even in the education sector, this slow transition of Artificial Intelligence has helped increase productivity among faculties and helped them concentrate more on students than office or administration work.

Year 1955

An Allen Newell and Herbert A. Simon created the first artificial intelligence program which was named as "Logic Theorist". This program had proved 38 of 52 Mathematics theorems, and find new and more elegant proofs for some theorems.

Creating Smart Content

Artificial Intelligence helps create a rich learning experience by generating and providing audio and video summaries and integral lesson plans.

agriculture

Artificial Intelligence is changing the way we do one among our most primitive and basic professions which is farming. The use of AI in agriculture are often attributed to agriculture robots, predictive analysis, and crop and soil monitoring.

Year 2014

Chatbot "Eugene Goostman" won a competition in the infamous "Turing test."

(2011-present)

Deep learning, big data and artificial general intelligence

Creating Smart Content

Digitization of content like video lectures, conferences, and textbook guides can be made using Artificial Intelligence. We can apply different interfaces like animations and learning content through customization for students from different grades.

AI winters

During _____________ an interest of publicity on artificial intelligence was decreased.

Year 2018

Google has demonstrated an AI program "Duplex" which was a virtual assistant and which had taken hairdresser appointment on call, and lady on other side didn't notice that she was talking with the machine.

Year 2012

Google has launched an Android app feature "Google now", which was able to provide information to the user as a prediction.

Demise Hassabis

He founded DeepMind in 2010, which was later acquired by Google. His team has made significant contributions to the development of AI systems that can learn and reason in a way that is similar to human beings.

Jeff Dean

He is a Google senior fellow and the head of Google AI. He has been involved in many of Google's most significant AI projects, including the development of TensorFlow, a popular open-source library for machine learning.

Yoshua Bengio

He is a computer scientist who co-founded the Montreal Institute for Learning Algorithms (MILA) and is a professor at the University of Montreal. He is one of the pioneers of deep learning and has made significant contributions to the development of natural language processing and other AI applications.

Sebastian Thrun

He is a leading expert in the field of robotics and artificial intelligence. He led the development of the Google self-driving car project, which has since become Waymo. He also founded Udacity, an online learning platform that offers courses in AI and related fields.

Stuart Russell

He is a professor of electrical engineering and computer science at UC Berkeley. He is known for his work on intelligent agents and decision making in AI systems, and has been a vocal advocate for the development of AI systems that are aligned with human values and goals.

Kai-Fu Lee

He is a prominent AI researcher and investor who has worked for several major tech companies, including Google, Microsoft, and Apple. He is also the author of "AI Superpowers," a book that explores the future of AI and its impact on society.

Year 2011

IBM's Watson won jeopardy, a quiz show, where it had to solve the complex questions as well as riddles. Watson had proved that it could understand natural language and can solve tricky questions quickly.

Yann LeCun

In 2003, LeCun and his team introduced a new type of neural network called Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), which have revolutionized the field of computer vision and image recognition.

Andrew Ng

In 2011, he founded Google Brain, a research project aimed at advancing the field of deep learning. His work has focused on developing algorithms for speech recognition, image recognition, and natural language processing.

The second AI winter (1987-1993)

Investors and government stopped in funding for AI research as due to high cost but not efficient result. The expert system such as XCON was very cost effective.

Fitbit or an Iwatch

It has been used to predict ICU transfers, improve clinical workflows and even pinpoint a patient's risk of hospital-acquired infections.

Year 1956

John McCarthy coined the term 'artificial intelligence' and had the first AI conference at Dartmouth College, in Hanover, New Hampshire.

Banking and Finance

One of the early adopter of Artificial Intelligence

Healthcare

One of the foremost deep-lying impacts which AI has created is within the

Daphne Koller

She is a computer scientist who co-founded Coursera, an online learning platform that offers courses in AI and other subjects. She has made significant contributions to the development of probabilistic graphical models and other techniques for machine learning and AI.

Year 1997

Supercomputer 'IBM Deep Blue' beats world chess champion, Gary Kasparov, and became the first computer to beat a world chess champion.

Automobile

Tesla

Year 2018

The "Project Debater" from IBM debated on complex topics with two master debaters and also performed extremely well.

1952-1956

The birth of Artificial Intelligence

(1993-2011)

The emergence of intelligent agents

(1974-1980)

The first AI winter

Year 1972

The first intelligent humanoid robot was built in Japan which was named as WABOT-1.

(1956-1974)

The golden years-Early enthusiasm

Year 1966

The researchers emphasized developing algorithms which can solve mathematical problems. Joseph Weizenbaum created the first chatbot in 1966, which was named as ELIZA.

(1987-1993)

The second AI winter

Entertainment

The show business , with the arrival of online streaming services like Netflix and Amazon Prime, relies heavily on the info collected by the users.

Limited Memory

These AI systems can store some data for a short period of time and use it to make decisions. Self-driving cars are an example of

Theory of Mind

These AI systems can understand and interpret the emotions, beliefs, and intentions of others. They can understand social contexts and respond appropriately.

Self-Aware

These AI systems can understand their own existence and have consciousness.

Reactive Machines

These are the simplest form of AI systems that can only react to inputs without any memory or ability to learn. Examples include game-playing AI like Deep Blue, which can beat human champions in chess but cannot play any other games.

Education

This can help the teachers monitor not just the academic but also the psychological, mental and physical well-being of the students but also their all-round development. This would also help in extending the reach of education to areas where quality educators can't be present physically.

Fitbit or an Iwatch

This device, when powered with AI can easily monitor and notify abnormal trends. This can even schedule a visit to the closest Doctor by itself and therefore, it's also of great help to the doctors who can get help in making decisions and research with AI.

e-commerce

This is one of the Artificial Intelligence Applications that's found to be widely used. Different departments of E-commerce including logistics, predicting demand, intelligent marketing, better personalization, use of chatbots, etc. are being disrupted by AI.

Rective Machine AI

This type of AI includes machines that operate solely based on the present data, taking into account only the current situation.

Self-Aware AI

This type of AI is a little far fetched given the present circumstances. However, in the future, achieving a stage of superintelligence might be possible.

Personalized Learning

Using top AI technologies, hyper-personalization techniques can be used to monitor students' data thoroughly, and habits, lesson plans, reminders, study guides, flash notes, frequency or revision, etc., can be easily generated.

Elon Musk

While primarily known for his work in the space and transportation industries, he has also been a vocal advocate for the development of AI systems that are safe and beneficial for humanity. He has founded several companies aimed at advancing the field of AI, including OpenAI and Neuralink.

Robotics

With increasing developments within the field of AI, robots are becoming more efficient in performing tasks that earlier were too complex. The idea of complete automation are often realized only with the assistance of AI, where the system can't just perform the specified task but also monitor, inspect and improve them without any human intervention

Voice Assistants

Without even the direct involvement of the lecturer or the teacher, a student can access extra learning material or assistance through Voice Assistants. Through this, printing costs of temporary handbooks and also provide answers to very common questions easily.

Geoffrey Hinton

along with his team, made significant contributions to the development of deep learning algorithms in the early 2000s. His work on deep belief networks and back propagation helped to popularize the use of neural networks in a wide range of AI applications.

Supervised learning

also known as supervised machine learning, is a subcategory of machine learning and artificial intelligence. It is defined by its use of labeled datasets to train algorithms that to classify data or predict outcomes accurately.

AI platforms

are comprehensive software ecosystems that provide end-to-end solutions for developing, deploying, and managing AI applications. AI platforms typically include a variety of tools, services, and frameworks that work together to support the entire AI development lifecycle.

Expert System

are mainly used in information management, medical facilities, loan analysis, virus detection and so on.

Tools

are software programs or libraries that provide specific functionalities or capabilities for building, training, and deploying AI models. Examples of AI tools include TensorFlow, PyTorch, Keras, and Scikit-learn. These tools provide developers with pre-built functions and algorithms that can be customized to meet specific requirements.

Limited Memory AI

can make informed and improved decisions by studying the past data from its memory. Such an AI has a short-lived or a temporary memory that can be used to store past experiences and hence evaluate future actions.

Reactive Machine AI

cannot form inferences from the data to evaluate their future actions. They can perform a narrowed range of pre-defined tasks.

Automobile

changing from an engine with a chassis around it to a software-controlled intelligent machine, the role of AI cannot be underestimated

Fitbit or an Iwatch

collects a lot of data like the sleep patterns of the individual, the calories burnt by him, heart rate and a lot more which can help with early detection, personalization, even disease diagnosis.

gaming

computer game Systems powered by AI is ushering us into a replacement era of immersive experience in gaming. AI is employed to get responsive, adaptive or intelligent behaviors primarily in non-player characters (NPCs) almost like human-like intelligence in video games

Year 2002

for the first time, AI entered the home in the form of Roomba, a vacuum cleaner.

Autopilot by Tesla

has been the frontrunner, takes up data from all the Tesla's running on the road and uses it in machine learning algorithms. The assessment of both chips is later matched by the system and followed if the input from both is the same.

Robotics

is a branch of Artificial Intelligence which focuses on different branches and application of robots. AI Robots are artificial agents acting in a real-world environment to produce results by taking accountable actions.

Fuzzy Logic

is a computing approach based on the principles of "degrees of truth" instead of the usual modern computer logic i.e. boolean in nature.

Reinforcement Learning

is a machine learning training method based on rewarding desired behaviors and/or punishing undesired ones. In general, a reinforcement learning agent is able to perceive and interpret its environment, take actions and learn through trial and error.

Theory of mind AI

is a more advanced type of Artificial Intelligence. This category of machines is speculated to play a major role in psychology. This type of AI will focus mainly on emotional intelligence so that human believes and thoughts can be better comprehended.

Fei Fei Li

is a professor at Stanford University and one of the leading experts in the field of computer vision. Her work has focused on developing algorithms that can recognize objects and scenes in images and videos.

Artificial intelligence (AI)

is a set of technologies that enable computers to perform a variety of advanced functions, including the ability to see, understand and

Artificial Intelligence

is a term that refers to technologies that make it possible to reenact human knowledge in machines and enable them to think like people, copy and replace their activities

Unsupervised Learning

is a type of algorithm that learns patterns from untagged data. The goal is that through mimicry, which is an important mode of learning in people, the machine is forced to build a concise representation of its world and then generate imaginative content from it.

Expert system

is an AI-based computer system that learns and reciprocates the decision-making ability of a human expert.

Social Media

is not just a platform for networking and expressing oneself. It subconsciously shapes our choices, ideologies, and temperament. All this due to the synthetic Intelligence tools which work silently within the background, showing us posts that we "might" like and advertising products that "might" be useful based on our search and browsing history.

Theory of Mind

is not yet fully developed but could be used for applications like virtual assistants.

Self-Aware

is purely theoretical at this stage, and there is no technology that can be considered fully.

Artificial Intelligence

is that the ability of a machine to perform cognitive functions as humans do, like perceiving, learning, reasoning and solving problems. The benchmark for AI is that the human level concerning in teams of reasoning, speech, and vision.

Deep Learning

is the process of implementing Neural Networks on high dimensional data to gain insights and form solutions. Deep Learning is an advanced field of Machine Learning that can be used to solve more advanced problems.

Machine Learning

is the science of getting machines to interpret, process and analyze data in order to solve real-world problems.

AI platforms

offer a comprehensive suite of tools, services, and frameworks to support the entire AI development lifecycle.

AI tools

provide specific functionalities and capabilities for developing AI solutions

Natural Language Processing (NLP)

refers to the science of drawing insights from natural human language in order to communicate with machines and grow businesses.

AI winter

refers to the time period where computer scientist dealt with a severe shortage of funding from government for AI researches.

Year 1980

the first national conference of the American Association of Artificial Intelligence was held at Stanford University.

Education

there are a number of problems which will be solved by the implementation of AI. A few of them being automated marking software, content retention techniques and suggesting improvements that are required

Expert System

use if-then logical notations to solve complex problems. It does not rely on conventional procedural programming.

Healthcare

• Accurate Cancer Diagnosis • Customer Service Chatbots • Virtual Health Assistants • Targeted Treatment • Management of Medical Records • Reduction of the Dosage Error • Robot-assisted Surgery • Automated Image Diagnosis • Development of New Medicines • Improved Healthcare Access ​

Agriculture

• Crop and soil monitoring • Insect and plant disease detection • Intelligent spraying • Automatic weeding • Aerial survey and imaging • Produce grading and sorting

Examples of AI

• Maps and Navigation • Facial Detection and Recognition • Text Editors or Autocorrect • Search and Recommendation Algorithms

gaming

• Minecraft • CODM • ML • NBA 2k..

Types Of Artificial Intelligence (AI)

• Reactive Machines AI • Limited Memory AI • Theory Of Mind AI • Self-aware AI ​

Social Media

• Youtube • Instagram • Twitter • Facebook • Tiktok