EMR Final Exam Review

While orienting a new medical assistant to the facility, you find a patient who is unresponsive in the exam room.You yell to the medical assistant, "Go get the AED!" Which response by the medical assistant demonstrates closed-loop communication?

"I'll go get the AED."

Which of the following is most appropriate when assessing and providing care for a patient who has had a stroke? -Try to get the patient to speak to you as much as possible. -Use a finger sweep on a conscious victim who vomited during the stroke. -If fluid or vomit is in an unresponsive patient's mouth, position him or her in the side-lying recovery position to allow any fluids to drain out of the mouth. -If the patient is unconscious and breathing normally, place them in a supine position.

-If fluid or vomit is in an unresponsive patient's mouth, position him or her in the side-lying recovery position to allow any fluids to drain out of the mouth.

Upon arriving at the emergency scene, you suspect substance abuse. Which of the following is a priority? a Maintain the patient's body temperature. b Securely restrain the patient. c Summon more advanced medical personnel. d Identify the exact substance.

Summon more advanced medical personnel.

You suspect that an unresponsive patient has a spinal injury and you need to leave the patient to summon more advanced medical personnel. The patient is breathing and has a pulse. You should place this patient in:

The side-lying recovery position

You are providing care for a patient who has an endotracheal tube in place. How does this affect compressions and ventilations?

The team should provide ventilations at a rate of 1 ventilation every 6 seconds without pausing compressions.

Which of the following is least likely to interfere with the accuracy of a pulse oximeter reading? Victim is lying still Poor perfusion Edema Hypothermia

Victim is lying still

When should you not consider the use of an oropharyngeal airway (OPA)? Unresponsiveness. When the patient responds to verbal stimuli No oral trauma. No gag reflex.

When the patient responds to verbal stimuli

Which situation is least likely to warrant moving a patient? A patient who has collapsed inside the doorway of a burning building. An unconscious patient who is blocking your access to another severely injured patient. A patient who was painting a house and has fallen off a ladder onto the soft grass. A patient involved in a motor vehicle collision lying next to a smoking vehicle.

A patient who was painting a house and has fallen off a ladder onto the soft grass.

Which situation would lead you to suspect elder abuse?

A patient with numerous old and new bruises on his arms and thighs

Which patient would you identify as having the LOWEST risk for sustaining a head, neck or spinal injury? A person who slipped off a two-story platform. A passenger in a car who hit the dashboard in a motor-vehicle collision. A person who dove into 4 feet of water in a swimming pool. A person who fell off a 2 ft step stool.

A person who fell off a 2 ft step stool.

You are providing care to a patient and your assessment reveals that the patient is unstable. As a general rule, you should continue to reassess the patient at what frequencies?

At least every 5 minutes

Which action is most appropriate when providing care to a patient who is experiencing frostbite? Gently warm the affected area in hot water. Bandage the affected area tightly with a clean dressing. Avoid breaking any blisters that may have formed. Keep the toes secured closely together.

Avoid breaking any blisters that may have formed.

You are about to apply AED pads to a patient's chest when you notice that a patient has an implanted defibrillator. What should you do?

Avoid placing the pads directly over the defibrillator.

ou arrive at the scene of an emergency in which an adult male caught their hand in the blades of a lawn mower. Two of the patient's fingers are completely severed, and a third finger is partially severed and is hanging loosely. You should identify and document the partially severed finger as what?

Avulsion

Water rescue personnel summon you to an emergency scene where a child has been stung by a jellyfish while swimming at the beach. Which of the following is appropriate to do?

Flush the injured part with vinegar.

While providing care to a patient, some of the patient's body fluids inadvertently splash into your eyes. Which of the following should you do first?

Flush your eyes with clean water, saline or sterile irrigant for 20 minutes

You are preparing to care for a patient with an open fracture to an extremity. The wound is oozing blood. Which of the following should you do first? Control the bleeding, check the patient's range of motion, attempt to straighten the extremity, or follow standard precautions.

Follow standard precautions.

You are called to the scene involving an infant who is having difficulty breathing. Which of the following would be important for you to keep in mind about the infant's respiratory system in contrast to an adult's?

Infants are nose breathers.

A patient experiences carbon monoxide poisoning. You understand this poison has entered the body via which of the following mechanisms?

Inhalation

You are called to a scene where a child was bitten by a venomous snake. You suspect poisoning via...

Injection

You are assessing the pulse rate of a patient who has fallen 10 feet off of a ladder. Before landing on a cement floor, his abdomen struck the edge of a metal shelf protruding from the side of a wall. You find his pulse rate is 120 beats per minute and weak. You should interpret this as an indicator of what?

Internal blood loss.

You arrive at the scene of an emergency involving an older adult who has fallen in the kitchen. The daughter is also in the kitchen. The patient is alert and breathing but complaining of pain in the left hip. What should you do first?

Introduce yourself to the patient and the daughter.

When possible, 2 responder ventilations with a BVM resuscitator is preferred because:

It allows one responder to create and maintain a mask seal.

A patient asks you why you are elevating his arm. Which response is most accurate?

It helps to reduce the swelling

What best describes the National Incident Management System (NIMS)?

It is a comprehensive framework that outlines the structures for response activities for command and management.

What statement following best describes a stroke?

It is a disruption of blood flow to the brain, which may cause permanent damage to brain tissue.

For severe life threatening bleeding, it is appropriate to apply a tourniquet as the first step for controlling bleeding in all of which of the following situations, except when: -An entrapped limb makes it impossible to apply direct pressure to control the bleeding. -A multiple casualty incident involving several patients with life-threatening injuries and there are limited resources available. -It is possible to safely apply direct pressure over the wound. -The scene is unsafe.

It is possible to safely apply direct pressure over the wound.

You are obtaining a SAMPLE history from a patient who is experiencing abdominal pain. Which of the following patient statements correlates with the L in SAMPLE history?

L is last oral intake so "I drank a glass of orange juice about 2 hours ago."

An adolescent who has been stung by a wasp begins to exhibit signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis. Which of the following would you least expect to find during your assessment? Wheezing Localized skin rash Chest tightness Facial swelling

Localized skin rash

You are providing care to a patient having a seizure. Which of the following is a priority? Putting an object in their mouth to prevent them from biting their tongue. Maintain an open airway. Offering comfort and reassurance. Position them in a supine position

Maintain an open airway.

You need to manually stabilize a patient's head and neck. The patient's head is turned sharply to the right. Which of the following should you do?

Maintain the head in the position found.

You arrive at the scene of an emergency involving a patient who has sustained an electrical burn due to a malfunctioning toaster. Which of the following should you do first?

Make sure the current is secured.

Upon arriving at the scene of an emergency, which of the following is your first responsibility as an emergency medical responder (EMR)?

Making sure the scene is safe

When assessing a patient, you notice a "whooshing" sound every time he takes a breath. You should suspect which of the following?

Sucking chest wound.

An adult choking victim becomes unresponsive after providing abdominal thrusts. You lay the patient on the floor. The next step is to:

Reassess the patient for breathing and a pulse.

Which of the following changes is considered a normal age-related change in an older adult? Diminished stiffening of the blood vessels. Reduced ability to hear high-frequency sounds Widening of the aortic valve. Enhanced sense of smell

Reduced ability to hear high-frequency sound

Which of the following is most appropriate to help a child with a high fever?

Remove any excess blankets or clothing

The pressure gauge on an oxygen cylinder reads 200 pounds per sq. inch (psi). Which action is most appropriate?

Replace the cylinder with a new one.

You have been selected to assist in a presentation about hazardous materials (HAZMATs) to a local group of emergency responders (EMRs). In preparation, you research information about identifying and properly handling hazardous materials. what would be your best source?

Safety Data Sheets (SDSs)

Which organ is considered to be the largest body organ?

Skin

When assessing a patient with a closed head injury, you notice fluid leaking from the patient's ear, leading you to suspect a -

Skull fracture.

How is a child defined in terms of care?

Someone from the age of 1 to the onset of puberty

When dealing with a patient experiencing a behavioral emergency, what is most important to establish rapport?

Speak directly to the patient and maintain eye contact.

You suspect a woman is experiencing Braxton-Hicks contractions when the contractions are -

Sporadic in nature

You are assessing a patient whose leg was cut by a steel rod when he fell off a construction scaffold. As you complete your physical exam, you find a small piece of a steel rod sticking out of his other leg. What would you do?

Stabilize the object with gauze in its current position

What considers all body fluids, secretions, excretions as being potentially infective?

Standard Precautions

You are alone caring for a 4-month-old infant who has gone into cardiac arrest. Which is the most effective CPR technique to perform until help arrives?

Standing to the side of the infant, provide chest compressions using the two-finger technique and deliver ventilations with a pocket mask or face shield.

Which of the following describes venous bleeding? Steadily flowing. Inability to clot easily. Bright red in color. Spurting from a wound.

Steadily flowing.

Of the following burns (chemical, superficial, circumferential or electric), which of the following does NOT necessitate referral to a burn unit?

superficial

When providing care for a patient with a suspected elbow dislocation, you should immobilize the arm -

In the position you found it.

You determine that a victim needs emergency oxygen because he is exhibiting signs and symptoms of hypoxia. Which of the following is most likely present?

Increased heart rate

You are providing emergency care to a patient based on standing orders. You recognize this as which type of medical control?

Indirect

The systematic and continuous approach to a life-threatening emergency includes which three elements?

Assess, Recognize, Care

You are alone performing high-quality CPR when a second provider arrives to take over compressions. When switching roles, you should minimize interruptions in chest compressions to less than how many seconds?

10 seconds

You are using a fixed-flow-rate oxygen system. You understand that most of these systems are set to what rate?

15 LPM

Limit suctioning of the mouth of an adult patient to no more than -

15 seconds

While providing care to a patient with a history of diabetes. The patient is awake but has cool, pale and sweaty skin. The patient's home glucometer shows a low blood glucose level. The patient is able to follow simple commands and can safely swallow. You should give this patient:

15-20 grams of sugar, preferably in the form of glucose tablets

You and your colleagues are performing CPR on a 6-year-old child. What is the compression-to-ventilation ratio during multiple-provider CPR?

15:2

A well-organized team response when performing high-quality CPR includes ensuring that providers switch off performing compressions every _____ minutes.

2

You should administer emergency oxygen to an adult victim with what breathing rate?

24 breaths per minute

Which pulse oximeter reading indicates possible hypoxia?

92% SpO2

You are working in an OB/GYN office when your patient suddenly goes into cardiac arrest. While preparing the AED, your colleague reminds you that patient is 28 weeks pregnant. Which statement is true regarding the use of an AED on a pregnant patient?

AED use is safe for pregnant patients.

You are providing compressions on a 6-month-old who weighs 17 pounds. Which compression depth is appropriate for this patient?

About 1 1/2 inches

Good Samaritan Laws generally protect people from legal liability when providing care in an emergency, if they do which of the following?

Act in good faith within the scope of their training.

Which should an emergency medical responder perform a finger sweep? -When an infant is crying. -When a conscious person is choking. -After providing chest compressions, checking the mouth and seeing the object in the mouth. -Anytime the patient is unconscious.

After providing chest compressions, checking the mouth and seeing the object in the mouth.

When cardiac arrest occurs in children, it commonly results from which of the following?

Airway and breathing problems (respiratory emergencies)

While assessing a burn patient, you notice soot around the mouth and nose. You should be alert for which of the following?

Airway closure

Your assessment reveals that the patient is able to acknowledge your presence and answer your questions. Using the AVPU mnemonic, you should describe the patients level of consciousness (LOC) as what?

Alert

During a resuscitation, the team leader assigns team roles and tasks to each member. You recognize that a task has been overlooked. Which is the most appropriate action?

Alert the team leader immediately and identify for them what task has been overlooked.

What statements best reflects the principles of moving patients?

All team members should be trained in the proper techniques.

Full chest recoil is necessary for a successful resuscitation as it:

Allows blood to flow back into the heart between compressions

Vector-borne transmission of a disease occurs when:

An infectious source, such as an animal or insect bite, penetrates the body's skin.

You are attempting to control moderate external bleeding. Which of the following should you do first?

Apply direct pressure to the wound

When suctioning the mouth of a patient, which of the following is the most appropriate action?

Apply suction while withdrawing the catheter in a sweeping motion.

You are preparing to transport a patient who weighs over 500 lbs. Which type of stretcher would be most appropriate to use?

Bariatric stretcher

You obtain consent from a patient before touching him to prevent which of the following?

Battery

You are assessing a patient with a head injury and observe bruising behind the ears. You identify this as what?

Battle's sign.

You suspect your patient has a head, neck or spinal injury, but needs to be moved. Which of the following techniques is most appropriate to use?

Blanket drag

You arrive at the scene of an emergency in which a 45-year-old man has inadvertently spilled concentrated dry powdered weed killer on his arms and hands. He is complaining of severe burning and itching of his skin. Which of the following should you do first?

Brush material off with a gloved hand.

When responding to an emergency situation where the person is threatening suicide, which of the following is most appropriate?

Call for more trained personnel and do not approach the scene.

You arrive at the scene of an emergency and notice a strong smell of sulfur. While surveying the scene, you notice a patient lying unconscious inside the building. What should you do first?

Call specialized services for assistance.

Which of the following is your first priority when caring for a child whom you suspect may have been abused?

Caring for the child's injuries.

You enter Ms. Evers's room and notice her lunch splattered on the floor. She is slumped over the bedside table and does not appear to be breathing. You perform a visual survey and determine that the scene is safe. Which is the next appropriate action?

Check for responsiveness.

During 2 person CPR, the person giving ventilations should -

Check for the effectiveness of the compressions by checking the carotid pulse.

You are performing CPR when a second (equally trained) rescuer arrives. Which of the following is most appropriate for the 2nd rescuer to do first?

Check to see whether more advanced medical personnel have been called.

Nerve agents are classified as which type of weapon of mass destruction (WMD)?

Chemical

Which of the following most accurately describes shock in children?

Children's bodies can compensate for some of the factors that lead to shock

Which of the following is most important when assessing and providing emergency care to an older adult?

Clear, slow, calm explanations are important.

Which of the following is would you identify as least likely to indicate a serious abdominal injury?

Complaints of vague pain

When dealing with any injury to the neck or spine, you must always -

Consider it to be a serious injury.

While performing CPR on an adult, a second trained rescuer arrives with an AED. What should you do?

Continue CPR while the second responder turns on the AED and applies the pad

What would lead you to believe birth is near?

Contractions are about 2 minutes apart.

You are providing care to a patient with a thermal burn injury. The patient has been removed from the source of the burn. You prepare to act, focusing on which of the following as a priority?

Cooling the burned area.

You perform a rapid assessment and determine that your patient is experiencing cardiac arrest. On the basis of your assessment findings, you begin CPR to improve the patient's chances of survival. Which term refers to clearly and rationally identifying the connection between information and actions?

Critical thinking

Which of the following structures separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity?

Diaphragm

The point of contact between the public and emergency medical responders is -

Dispatch (Public Safety Answering Point)

You are responding to an incident in which a nerve agent may be involved. Which of the following equipment is the most important to have readily available?

DuoDote

Upon entering a patient's room, you find him on the ground, unresponsive. After immediately initiating the emergency response system, what is the next action in the Adult Cardiac Chain of Survival?

Early CPR

How should you place your hands when giving chest compressions to an infant during CPR with 2 trained responders?

Encircling thumbs technique with thumbs just below the nipple line.

You are providing care to a patient with a history of problems related to their blood glucose levels. Which body systems should you expect to be involved?

Endocrine

Which of the following should you do first when inserting an oral airway?

Ensure the patient is unconcious.

You arrive at the scene of an emergency. Which of the following should you do first?

Ensure your safety and the safety of bystanders.

Which of the following is an example of mechanism of injury (MOI)?

Explosion

The safe and appropriate removal of a patient trapped in a motor vehicle or dangerous situation is -

Extrication

You are called to a home of a patient with renal failure who is receiving dialysis at his home. The patient has delayed their dialysis treatment for several days. What would you expect to find in your findings?

Generalized edema

You are attempting to dislodge a foreign body from a conscious patient who is choking. The patient becomes unconscious. what should you do next?

Gently lower the patient to a firm, flat surface.

You are providing care for a woman in labor. As you inspect the area, you notice the baby's head is crowning, but there is a rope like tissue coming from the vaginal opening. What should you do immediately?

Have the woman assume a knee to chest position.

What would be appropriate to do while caring for an emancipated minor if the patient tells you she is fine and does not want further care?

Honor her refusal, following local policies for such situations

Another name for the exclusion zone is the -

Hot zone

Which of the following would you interpret as LEAST indicative of a brain injury in a person who has sustained a head injury? Clear fluid draining out of the nose, hypotension, bruising behind ears, or slowed pulse.

Hypotension

Which of the following best reflects the purpose of an ongoing assessment?

Identify and treat any changes in the patient's condition

After determining the scene is safe, which of the following must you do first when preparing to provide care to a patient?

Identify yourself to the patient.

When communicating with medical control, which of the following should you do first?

Identify yourself.

Which body system is composed of a complex group of body systems responsible for fighting disease?

Immune system

Any body part that is toward the midline of the body is called -

Medial

You are providing care for a patient with hypothermia. What do you do first?

Move the patient to a warmer environment.

You are providing care to a patient with exercise-associated muscle cramps. Which of the following is the first priority?

Moving the patient out of the heat

You are preparing to administer emergency oxygen to a patient. Your assessment reveals the patient has a nasal injury. Which delivery device is least appropriate to use for this patient?

Nasal Cannula.

Which method is most appropriate to determine that ventilations given with a bag-valve-mask (BVM) are effective?

Observing the victim's chest clearly rising

A patient has an open abdominal wound. Which of the following dressings would you apply? Roller bandage. Adhesive compress Occlusive dressing. Trauma dressing.

Occlusive dressing.

For a patient with a closed abdominal injury, position the patient -

On their back, with their knees slightly flexed.

You arrive at the scene of an emergency in response to a 9-1-1 call where a college student cannot wake up her roommate. While sizing up the scene, you notice an open bottle of pills lying on the floor next to the victim. The label shows "oxycodone." You identify this as which of the following?

Opioid narcotic

You arrive at the scene of an emergency and complete your primary assessment of a patient. You notice what looks like a bone protruding from an open and bleeding wound on the patient's lower leg. What should you do?

Pack the area around the wound with sterile gauze

What type of emergency medical system provider has the most in-depth amount of training?

Paramedic (EMT-P)

An automated external defibrillator (AED) indicates "No Shock Advised." Which of the following is most appropriate to do next?

Perform CPR for about 2 minutes.

What alerts you to the possibility that a patient is experiencing an overdose of a stimulant?

Rapid pulse

You arrive at the scene of a bank robber where one of the guards was shot in the chest. The scene has been secured by law enforcement. Which of the following is appropriate when providing care to the patient? Obtain immediate access to the patient upon arrival. Have law enforcement clean up any blood around the patient. Take care not to disturb any items at the scene unless emergency medical care requires it. Assume control of the situation once you arrive.

Take care not to disturb any items at the scene unless emergency medical care requires it.

The code team has arrived to take over resuscitative efforts. Among the members of the BLS team, whose role is it to communicate to the code team the patient's status and the care already provided?

Team leader.

When using an Automated External Defibrillator (AED), what should you do immediately after attaching the AED pads to the victim's chest?

Tell everyone to "Stand Clear"

A patient has sustained a musculoskeletal injury involving the structure that attaches muscle to bone. What structure would this be?

Tendons

You determine a patient is competent when he demonstrates what?

The ability to understand questions and the implications of their decisions.

Which statement best describes labor?

The birth process, beginning with contractions of the uterus and cervical dilation, ending with stabilization and recovery of the mother.

Which statement most accurately reflects a variable flow oxygen system? The flow rate can be adjusted for use with different delivery devices. The flow rate has a high or low setting. The system is preassembled. It is less practical than other types of systems.

The flow rate can be adjusted for use with different delivery devices

A patient's diastolic blood pressure reflects:

The force exerted against the arteries when the heart is between contractions

You should not elevate a suspected muscle or bone injury above the level of the heart unless -

The injury has been properly splinted.

You respond to a call at a fitness center where a patron was working out and began to feel severe pain in his right ankle. During your assessment, you notice the ankle is visibly swollen compared to the left ankle. The patient states, "I sprained this ankle about 6 weeks ago." This patient's statement is significant because -

The joint may be less stable, increasing the risk for re-spraining the joint.

What indicates a fractured femur?

The leg is shortened and turned outward.

When reading an article about the statistics related to poisoning in the United States, which of the following would you expect to read?

The majority of the poisonings take place in the home.

You are assessing an older adult for signs and symptoms of a stroke using the FAST mnemonic. Which findings reflect the "T"?

The onset of symptoms started about an hour ago.

Which of the following is an example of a chief complaint? 1. The patient says "I was having some really severe pain in my chest." 2. The patient says "I have a history of high blood pressure." 3. The patient fell from a height of 6 feet. 4. The patient says "I last drank water 1 hour ago."

The patient says "I was having some really severe pain in my chest."

You should attempt to resuscitate a patient who has no pulse and is not breathing in which situation?

The patient's advanced directive is unavailable.

What is an example of disease transmission by indirect contact?

Touching the soiled dressing of an infected patient.

You suspect a patient has fractured his ribs when the patient attempts to ease his pain by leaning:

Toward the side of the fracture

After giving ventilations with a resuscitation mask, the victim suddenly vomits. What should you do first?

Turn the victim as a unit onto his or her side

Which of the following would lead you to suspect that hazardous materials are most likely involved? Downed utility lines Activated sprinkler system Broken glass bottles Unusual odors

Unusual odors

You and several fellow EMRs had responded to a multiple casualty incident several days ago. You suspect one of your colleagues may be experiencing critical incident stress when he exhibits what?

Unusually excessive silence

You are providing high-quality CPR on a 6-year-old patient who weighs 44 pounds. The AED arrives. It does not have a pediatric setting and includes only adult AED pads. What should you do?

Use the adult AED pads.

When providing care to a child with autism, which of the following is most important to remember?

Use verbal expressions instead of emotions.

The Pre-hospital Care Report (PCR) is:

Used to keep medical personnel informed so they can provide appropriate continuity of care.

Which of the following is an example of an engineering control? Placing needles in puncture-resistant containers Avoid splashing of infectious materials Disinfecting equipment Using biohazard containers

Using biohazard containers

Malaria is a disease that is primarily transmitted by what?

Vector-borne transmission

Which of the following is the most common heart rhythm associated with sudden cardiac arrest?

Ventricular fibrillation (V-Fib)

You arrive at the scene of an emergency involving a patient who has lost a portion of his finger while attempting to repair a lawn mower. The portion of the finger is no longer attached but is found in the grass nearby. Which of the following is the most appropriate to do while caring for the severed finger? Pour ice cold water on the finger continuously. Put the finger in a container of water and ice slurry mix. Put the finger in a brown bag, after your rinse it off. Wrap the finger in sterile saline moistened gauze.

Wrap the finger in sterile saline moistened gauze.

Which should you interpret as indicating that a patient's airway is open and clear?

You hear and feel air coming out of patients nose and mouth.

Which of the following is considered to be a work practice control? a. Disinfecting work surfaces possibly soiled with bodily or bloody fluids b. Providing biohazard containers c. Posting signs at entrances where infectious materials may be present d. Ensuring sharps disposable containers are available.

a. Disinfecting work surfaces possibly soiled with bodily or bloody fluids

You classify a patient as "delayed care" if the patient is...

alert and responds appropriately to verbal stimuli.