Emt
calcium
a persons bones will become brittle if he or she is deficient in
harness
a service dog is easily identified by its
liver
the ______ fills the entire anterposterior depth of the right upper quandrant of the abdomen
low blood oxygen levels
the hypoxic drive is influenced by
help EMS personnel remember what is different about elderly patients.
the purpose of the GEMS diamond is to:
Conduction
when a warm hand is immersed in water that is 70C (21C), heat is transferred from the hand to the water through a process called
protecting patient privacy
Which aspect of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) MOST affects EMS personnel?
developing a social network outside of ems
Which of the following is an effective stress management strategy?
A patient with a head injury who is slow to answer questions
Which of the following patients has signs of an altered mental status?
They usually originate from the septum area and bleed slowly
Which of the following statements regarding anterior nosebleeds is correct
suctioning while withdrawing the catheter from the oropharynx
proper technique for suctioning the oropharynx of an adult patient includes
As a bridge to heart transplantation while a donor heart is being located
under what circumstances is a left ventricular assist device used?
the continuum of care
the concept of consistent care across the entire health care team from first patient contact to patient discharge is called
phrenic
the diaphragm is innervated by the _____ nerve, which allows it to contract
from a bed to the ambulance stretcher
the direct carry is used to transfer a patient
defining clear roles and responsibilities before the call is received.
the effectiveness of pit crew cpr is dependent on
hinge
the elbow is an example of a _____ joing
pancreatic juice
the exocrine gland of the pancreas secretes
larynx
the vocal cords are located in the
be direct and clearly state your intentions
when assessing a patient with a behavioral crisis, you should
when the patient poses a significant threat to self or others
when is forcible restraint permitted
any agent that acts as a carrier or transporter
A disease vector is defined as:
use weighted cones to mark all four corners of the LZ.
A medical transport helicopter is incoming, and you are responsible for setting up the landing zone (LZ). You should
diaphragm
Difficulty breathing and a sunken appearance of the anterior abdominal wall is most indicative of a ruptured
removing a patient from a dangerous position.
Disentanglement involves:
constructive intervention
During a resuscitation attempt, the team leader asks the EMT to ventilate the patient at a rate of 20 breaths/min, and the EMT replies, "Actually, sir, the correct ventilation rate is 10 breaths/min." This is an example of:
pulse quality, external bleeding, and skin condition.
During the primary assessment, circulation is evaluated by assessing
intra-abdominal bleeding
During your assessment of a patient who experienced blunt trauma to the abdomen, you notice bruising around the umbilicus. This is a sign of:
a lower airway obstruction
During your assessment of a patient with respiratory distress, you hear wheezing when listening to breath sounds. This indicates:
she has excessive vomiting
a pregnant patient is diagnosed with hyperemesis gravidarum. This means that
pregnant patients have an overall increase in blood volume
a pregnant trauma patient might lose a significant amount of blood before showing signs of shock because
myocardial contusion
a rapid, irregular pulse following blunt trauma to the chest is MOST suggestive of a
hematuria
a sign of kidney damage after blunt trauma is
is commonly caused by blunt chest trauma
a simple pneumothorax
paralysis of the intercostal muscles
a spinal cord injury at the level of C7 would MOST likely result in:
colostomy
a surgical procedure that creates an opening between the intestine and the surface of the body that allows for elimination of waste productions is called a(n)
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA)
EMT training in nearly every state meets or exceeds the guidelines recommended by the
inform that mother that, although the event seems to have resolved, transport via EMS is advisable
EMTS are called for an unresponsive infant. When they arrive, they find the mother holding her child. She advises that the child became limp, blue, and stopped breathing. Assessment reveals that the infant is conscious and crying, and has good muscle tone and pink skin color. The mother states that she will take her child to the doctor
interdependently
EMTs and other health care providers function as a true team when they work
A cervical spine injury
EMTs are dispatched for a fall. The patient, a 16-year old female with Down syndrome, is experiencing difficulty walking and says that her fingers "feel like needles". The EMTs should suspect
apply direct pressure to the tubing and transport
EMTs are dispatched for a patient whose central venous catheter is malfunctioning. When they arrive and assess the patient, they find bleeding from the tubing attached to the line. The EMTs should:
red areas of skin
Early bruising following abdominal trauma often manifests as:
skin blisters
Early signs and symptoms of smallpox include all of the following, EXCEPT:
seizures that result from severe hypertension.
Eclampsia is MOST accurately defined as:
positioning, ice packs, extremity elevation
Effective methods for providing pain relief to a child with an extremity injury include:
of the risk for airway problems
Facial injuries should be identified and treated as soon as possible because:
profound tachycardia.
Fetal complications associated with drug- or alcohol-addicted mothers include all of the following, EXCEPT:
laryngeal fracture
Following direct trauma to the upper part of the anterior neck, a young male presents with labored breathing, loss of voice, and subcutaneous emphysema in the soft tissues around his neck. You should suspect a(n):
begin some form of positive-pressure ventilation.
Following proper decontamination, a 30-year-old male is brought to you. He is semiconscious and has rapid, shallow respirations. A quick visual assessment reveals no obvious bleeding. You should:
common language
For patient handoff, it is important for EMTs and hospital staff to use:
Man with altered mental status after being exposed to blunt force trauma
For which of the following patients is spinal immobilization clearly indicated?
discuss the problem after the call
If a problem with a team member is not directly or immediately impacting patient care, the team leader should:
a patient has a time-dependent injury or illness, and traffic conditions would cause a significant delay in definitive care
In general, medevac helicopters should be utilized when
the patient is clinically unstable
In general, musculoskeletal injuries should be splinted before moving the patient unless:
is self supporting and lives by him- or herself
In many states, a minor may be treated as an adult for the purpose of consenting to or refusing medical treatment if the minor:
Allows movement of the head
What is the function of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?
it should become smaller in size
When a light is shone into the pupil:
remove the airway and be prepared to suction her oropharynx.
19-year-old female is found unconscious by her roommate. Your primary assessment reveals that her breathing is inadequate. As you insert an oropharyngeal airway, she begins to gag violently. You should:
is experiencing difficulty breathing
A patient is sitting in a chair, leaning forward on his outstretched arms. His head and chin are thrust forward. This position indicates that he
nonrebreathing mask
A patient who is suspected of being hypoxic and is breathing adequately should be given supplemental oxygen with a:
requires prompt ventilation and oxygenation.
A patient who presents with profound cyanosis following a chest injury:
repeat the order to medical control word for word
After receiving online orders from medical control to perform a patient care intervention, you should:
perform a hands-on assessment of the ABCs
After using the pediatric assessment triangle (PAT) to form your general impression of a sick or injured child, you should:
radiating
Pain that moves from its point of origin to another body location is said to be
are not contagious
Unlike viruses and bacteria, neurotoxins
constricting
When you inspect a patient's pupils with a penlight, the pupils should normally react to the light by
body size
Which of the following is NOT a factor in determining how to protect oneself against the effects of radiation?
providing safe entry and access to patients
Which of the following is a typical function of the rescue team?
It is a high-pitched, crowing upper airway sound
Which of the following statements regarding stridor is correct?
The MOI may allow you to predict the severity of a patient's injuries
Which of the following statements regarding the mechanism of injury (MOI) is correct?
access
_____ is defined as the ability to reach the patient
hydrostatic
______ pressure is the pressure exerted by a liquid that occurs when blood moves through an artery at relatively high pressures
remain where you are and have the patients brought to you
during a HazMat incident, you are working in the treatment area. As patients are removed from the danger zone, you should:
allow the family to observe if they wish
during the attempted resuscitation of an infant with suspected SIDS:
Inferior
the topographic term used to describe the parts of the body that are nearer to the feet is
convection
the transfer of heat to circulating air, such as when cool air moves across the body surface, is called
polypharmacy
the use of multiple prescription drugs by a single patient, causing the potential for negative effects such as overdosing or drug interaction, is called
nervous system
the venom of a black widow spider is toxic to the
report exactly what the patient signs and not to add any commentary
when enlisting the help of an interpreter who signs, it is important for you to ask the interpreter to
ask your team members to wait until you can establish a rapport with the patient
when interacting with an intellectually disabled patient, the best approach is to
100' past the scene on the same side of the road
when parking your ambulance at the scene of a motor vehicle crash, you should position the ambulance
apply a cervical collar and remove the patients on a long backboard
when performing the rapid extrication technique to remove a patient from his or her vehicle, you should:
not disclosing his or her name
when providing a patient report via radio, you should protect the patients privacy by
15"-20"
when pulling a patient, you should extend your arms no more than ___ in front of your torso
brief and easily understood
when relaying patient information via radio, communication should be
in a functional position
when splinting an injury of the wrist, the hand should be placed
the weight is exerted straight down the vertebrae
when the shoulder girdle is aligned over the pelvis during lifting
age-related changes diminish the effectiveness of the eyes and ears
when you are communicating with an older patient, it is important to remember that
chief complaint
when you begin an oral report, you should state the patients age, sex, and
protecting the body from infection
which blood cells, which are also called leukocytes, function by:
subcuatenous
which layer of the skin is composed of fatty tissue and serves as an insulator for the body
posterior
which of the following anatomic terms is synonymous with the word "dorsal"
duty to act, breach of duty, and causation
which of the following components are needed to prove negligence
alchohol withdrawal
which of the following conditions or situations would most likely make excited delibrium worse
proof of immunization against certain communicable diseases
which of the following criteria is required to become licensed and employed as an EMT
the neonate opens his or her arms wide, spreads his or her fingers and seems to graps at something after being startled
which of the following describes the moro reflex
A team of health care professionals who are responsible for providing emergency care and transportation to the sick and injured
which of the following descriptions most accurately portrays emergency medical services (EMS)
An EMT administers the wrong drug to a patient because she did not know the pertinent information about the drug.
which of the following errors is an example of a knowledge based failure
shallow breathing
which of the following factors will cause a reduction in minute volume in an adult
Consistency in the method of injury reported by the caregiver
which of the following findings is least suggestive of child abuse
pelvis
which of the following fractures has the greatest potential for internal blood loss and shock
sexual activity
which of the following inquiries should you make in private when obtaining a SAMPLE history from an adolescent patient
secondary sexual development begins
which of the following is a physical change that typically occurs in the adolescence age group
the paramedic administers a patients flu vaccination
which of the following is a specific example of the Mobile integrate Healthcare (MIH) model
local swelling and ecchymosis
which of the following is an early sign of pit viper envenomation
schizophrenia
which of the following is an example of a functional behavior disorder
the team leader assigns the EMT a task, and the EMT repeats the request back to the team leader
which of the following is an example of closed loop communication
an infants tongue is proportionately larger than an adults tongue
which of the following is anatomic difference between children and adults
decontamination
which of the following is not a common role of the EMT at the scene of a HazMat incident?
a motor vehicle crash with two critically injured patients and two ambulances
which of the following is probably not a multiple-casualty incident
long backboard
which of the following is the most appropriate device to use when immobilizing a patient with a suspected spinal injury
skull sutures
which of the following joints allows no motion
the patients residence is cold due to a malfunctioning heater
which of the following observations or statements represents the "E" in the GEMS diamond?
urinary bladder
which of the following organs is at most risk for injury as the result of a pelvic fracture
kidneys
which of the following organs or structures lies within the retroperitoneal space
muscle
which of the following organs or tissues can survive the longest without oxygen?
liver
which of the following organs would most likely bleed profusely when injured
conscious and alert women with severe abdominal pain
which of the following patients has decision making capacity and can legally refuse emergency medical treatment
A 31-year-old semiconscious male with low blood sugar and adequate breathing
which of the following patients should you place in the recovery position
how many paramedics can respond to the scene and provide advanced care?
which of the following questions is of least pertinence when the EMT is determining whether to declare a multiple-casualty incident and activate the incident command system
An EMT becomes distracted at the scene of a motor vehicle crash involving the same type of car in which a child was previously killed.
which of the following scenarios most accurately depicts a posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) reaction
vomiting
which of the following signs or symptoms would most likely cause the EMT to mistake a head injury for an abdominal injury in a child
a patient trapped in a cave or a confined space
which of the following situations would require the use of a specialized rescue team?
dermis
which of the following skin layers contains sweat and oil glands, hair follicles, blood vessels, and nerve endings
an infants normal body temperature is typically higher than a preschooler normal body temperature
which of the following statements regarding an infants vital signs is correct
pulmonary anthrax is the deadliest form
which of the following statements regarding anthrax is correct?
conditions such as brain injury at birth, postpartum infections, and fetal hypoxia can cause cerebral palsy
which of the following statements regarding cerebral palsy is correct?
standing over a child often increases his or her level of anxiety
which of the following statements regarding communication with a child is correct
compartments syndrome typically develops within 6 to 12 hours after an injury
which of the following statements regarding compartment syndrome is correct
Such laws will not protect the EMT in cases of gross negligence.
which of the following statements regarding food samaritan laws is correct
patients with a gastrostomy tube might still be at risk for aspiration
which of the following statements regarding gastrostomy (gastric) tubes is correct?
lighnting strikes might cause cardiac dyrshythmias that spontaneously resolve
which of the following statements regarding lighning strikes is correct
antisocial behavior and peer pressure peak around 14 and 16 years of age
which of the following statements regarding psychosocial development in the adolescent age group is correct
it is often discovered when the patient is jarred or moved suddently
which of the following statements regarding rebound tenderness is correct
it forms the major muscle mass of the body and usally cross at least one joint
which of the following statements regarding striated muscle is correct
the NREMT provides a national standard for EMS testing
which of the following statements regarding the NREMT is correct
the stages of the grieving process might occur simultaneously
which of the following statements regarding the different stages of the grieving proccess is correct
rapid extrication is indicated if the scene is unsafe and the patient is not entrapped in his or her vehicle
which of the following statements regarding the rapid extrication technique is correct?
it was not performed in the eyes of the law
If an action or procedure that was performed on a patient is not recorded on the written report:
reassess the patients airway and breathing
Immediately after physically restraining a violent patient, the EMT should:
everyone fails
In an interdependent group, when one person fails:
has an even proportionately larger head.
In contrast to a full-term infant, a premature infant:
the patient develops cardiac arrest
In contrast to a living will, a "do not resuscitate" (DNR) order becomes valid when:
might present without significant abdominal pain
In contrast to abruptio placenta, placenta previa
is usually considered irreversible
In contrast to delirium, dementia:
involves forcible entry into a vehicle.
In contrast to simple access, complex access:
weather conditions
In determining the potential for a terrorist attack, you should routinely observe all of the following on every call, EXCEPT:
40,60
Normal respiratory rates should not exceed ___________ breaths per minute in toddlers and ___________ breaths per minute in infants
pink, warm, and dry
Normal skin color, temperature, and condition should be
individual EMT
Obtaining continuing medical education is the responsibility of the:
perform a primary assessment
Once entrance and access to the patient have been provided, you should:
married males older than 30 years
People at risk for suicide include all of the following, EXCEPT:
offer little or no side protection
Prescription glasses do not provide adequate eye protection because they:
medical director
The person who is responsible for authorizing EMTs to perform emergency medical care in the field is the:
C3, C4, and C5
The phrenic nerves control the diaphragm and exit the spinal cord at:
that the baby's airway may be obstructed.
The presence of meconium in the amniotic fluid indicates:
90 seconds
The rapid exam of a patient that occurs following the primary assessment should take no longer than
underestimating the logistics of the incident
The reasons for rescue failure can be recalled by the mnemonic FAILURE. According to this mnemonic, the "U" stands for:
head trauma
The reduction in brain weight and volume increases an older person's risk for:
the emergency response guidebook
The reference used as a base for your initial actions at a HazMat incident is:
are identical in there development
The skin lesions associated with smallpox:
dementia
The slow onset of progressive disorientation, shortened attention span, and loss of cognitive function.
tragus
The small, rounded, fleshy bulge that lies immediately anterior to the ear canal.
state office of EMS
The standards for prehospital emergency care and the individuals who provide it are typically regulated by the:
patients with a significant MOI and unresponsive medical patients
The systematic head-to-toe assessment should be performed on
blood in the anterior chamber of the eye
The term "hyphema" is defined as:
is pregnant for the first time.
The term primigravida refers to a woman who:
signifies a request for other drivers to yield the right of way.
The use of lights and siren on an ambulance
have only one EMT speak to the patient at a time
To minimize distractions and confusion when assessing an older patient, you should
cut away all of the patient's clothing and do a rapid rinse to remove as much of the contaminating matter as they can.
a 49-year old man has been removed from his overturned tanker, which was carrying a hazardous material. The tank ruptured and he was exposed to the material. When rescue personnel bring him to the decontamination area, they note that he is unconscious and has slow, shallow breathing. They should
distal
a 5 year old body has fallen and has a severe deformity of the forearm near the wrist. He has possibly sustained a fracture of the ____ forearm
blood pressure of 70/40mmHg
a 5-year old child has had severe vomiting and diarrhea for 4 days. Which of the following assessment findings would be the most indicative of decompensated shock
carefully remove the contact lenses and then irrigate his eyes with saline.
a 50-year-old male was splashed in the eyes with radiator fluid when he was working on his car. During your assessment, he tells you that he wears soft contact lenses. You should
fowler
a patient in a semi-reclined position with the head elveated to faciliate breathing is in the _____ position
inflammation of the kidney
a patient is diagnosed with nephrititis. This means
yellow
a patient who has experienced a back injury, with or without spinal cord damage, would be triaged with a _______ tag during a mass casualty incident
neurologist
a physician who specializes in diseases of the nervous system is called a
function disorder
a physiologic disorder that impairs bodily function when the body seems to be structurally normal is called a
pervasive developmental disorder characterized by impairment of social interaction
autism is defined as a
alleviation of pain with movement or changing positions.
braxton-hicks contractions are characterized by
a swimmer hyperventitlates prior to entering the water
breath-holding syncope is caused by a decreased stimulus to breathe and occurs when
Superifical
burns associated with lighning strikes are typically
a dysfunction of the brain caused by abnormal physical or physiological function.
organic brain syndrome is defined as
bleeding control supplies
other than personal safety equipment, which of the following should be the most readily accessible item in the back of an ambulance
cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccyx
the areas of the spinal column, in descending order, are
6L
the average adult has approximately ____ of blood in his or her vascular system
activate your department's infection control plan as soon as possible.
the best way to reduce your risk of contracting a work related disease following exposure is to
radius and ulna
the bones of the forearm are called the
phalanges
the bones that constitute that fingers and toes are called
resilience
the capacity of an individual to cope with and recover from distress
wrist
the carpal bones form the
ensure that employees understand what they should do and why it is important.
the compliance monitoring component of an infection control plan should
keep your back in a straight, vertical position
the first rule of a safe lifting is to
xiphoid process
the inferior cartilagginous tip of the sternum is called the
are located behind the abdominal cavity
the kidneys and pancreas are called retroperinoneal organs because they
heart disease
the leading cause of death in the geriatric patient is
pulmonary veins
the left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the
warn oncoming traffic and prevent another crash.
the main objective of traffic control at the scene of a motor vehicle crash is to
a membranous fold that attaches the intestines to the walls of the body
the mesentery is
upwind at lease 100' from the incident
the most appropriate location to park your ambulance at a HazMat incident is
intersections
the most common and usually the most serious ambulance crashes occur at
clavicle
the most commonly fractured bone in the body is the
coccyx
the most distal four spinal vertebrae, which are fused together form the
sweating and vasodilation
the most efficient ways for the body to eliminate excess heat are
abdominal or joint pain
the most prominent symptoms of decompression sickness is
injury to you or your patient
the most serious consequence of a poorly planned or rushed patient move is:
delaying transport of a critically injured patient.
the most significant hazard associated with splinting is
can maintain a patent airway in a semiconscious patient with a gag reflex.
the nasopharyngeal airway is most beneficial because it
gives an oral report to the emergency room physician or nurse
the official transfer of patient care does not occur until the EMT
should be assumed to be a sign of shock
the presence of tachycardia following a significant abdominal injury
small intestine
the primary organ responsible for absorption of products of digestion is the
lift with your palms up
the proper technique for using the power grip is to
contain anything that you might need during the first 5 minutes of patient care.
the purpose of a jump kit is to
allow you to rapidly and visually form a general impression of the child.
the purpose of the pediatric assessment triangle (PAT) is to
yellow-orange
the root word cirrh/o means
vary widely, depending on the child's age and weight.
the signs and symptoms of poisoning in children
wash your hands in between in between patient contacts
the simplest, yet most effective method of preventing the spread of an infectious disease is to
depression
the single most most significant factor that contributes to suicide is
careless handing of sharps
the spread of HIV and hepatitis in the healthcare setting can usually be traced to
a situation in which a patient of any age exhibits agitated, violent, or uncooperative behavior
the term "behavioral crisis" is most accurately defined as
a rapid heart rate that originates from above the ventricules
the term supraventricular tachycardia means
can create delays in patient care
Health care teams that infrequently train and work together:
7:57
If a baby is born at 7:52, the second Apgar score should be calculated at:
blood cells
bone marrow produces
distal radius
a colles fracture involves a fracture of the
hepatomegaly
enlargement of the liver is called
femur
traction splints primarily immobilize and secure fractures of the
the usual chest pain is not present
A "silent" heart attack occurs when:
prepare for immediate transport
A 28-year-old male was struck in the chest with a baseball bat during an altercation. He is conscious and alert and complains of severe chest pain. Your assessment reveals a large area of ecchymosis over the sternum and a rapid, irregular pulse. In addition to providing supplemental oxygen, you should:
leaning him forward and pinching his nostrils together.
A 29-year-old male has an anterior nosebleed after he was accidentally elbowed in the nose. He is conscious and alert with adequate breathing. The most appropriate care for this patient includes
pressure in the fascial compartment is elevated
A 30-year-old man complains of severe pain to his right tibia following an injury that occurred the day before. The patient's leg is pale and he is unable to move his foot. The EMT should suspect that:
immobilize him with a vest-style device
A 33-year-old restrained driver of a motor vehicle crash is awake and alert, complaining only of neck pain and left leg pain. The vehicle is stable and no hazards are present. When removing this patient from his vehicle, you should:
Aggressively manage his airway
A 37-year-old male was pinned between a flatbed truck and a loading dock. On exam, you find bruising to the chest, distended neck veins, bilaterally diminished breath sounds, and bilateral scleral hemorrhaging. You should:
restrain the patient with appropriate force in order to treat his injuries
A 38-year-old male with a history of schizophrenia is reported by neighbors to be screaming and throwing things in his house. You are familiar with the patient and have cared for him in the past for unrelated problems. Law enforcement officers escort you into the residence when you arrive. The patient tells you that he sees vampires and is attempting to ward them off by screaming and throwing things at them. He has several large lacerations to his forearms that are actively bleeding. The most appropriate way to manage this situation is to
transport her to the emergency department.
A 4-year-old female has a peanut lodged in the external auditory canal of her right ear. You should:
monitor her airway and give oxygen.
A 4-year-old, 16-kg female ingested an unknown quantity of liquid drain cleaner. Your assessment reveals that she is conscious and alert, is breathing adequately, and has skin burns around her mouth. You should:
calmly identify yourself to the patient
A 40-year-old male intentionally cut his wrist out of anger after losing his job. Law enforcement has secured the scene prior to your arrival. As you enter the residence and visualize the patient, you can see that he has a towel around his wrist and a moderate amount of blood has soaked through it. You should:
cover both of his eyes and transport to the hospital
A 40-year-old male was in his woodworking shop when he felt a sudden sharp pain in his left eye. Your assessment reveals a small splinter of wood embedded in his cornea. You should
padding between the ear and the scalp
A 44-year-old male sustained a laceration to his left ear during a minor car accident. Your assessment reveals minimal bleeding. Appropriate care for this injury includes:
rapidly transporting her to the hospital
A 6-year-old female was riding her bicycle and struck a clothesline with her throat. She is breathing, but with obvious difficulty. Your assessment reveals a crackling sensation in the soft tissues of her neck and facial cyanosis. In addition to the appropriate airway management, the intervention that will MOST likely improve her chance of survival is:
administer high-flow oxygen.
A 70-year-old man complains of a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. He has dried blood on his lips and is very anxious. His left leg is red, swollen, and painful. The EMT should:
an aortic aneurysm.
A 73-year-old female experienced a syncopal episode while watching TV. She is now conscious, but is diaphoretic, tachycardic, and hypotensive. Your assessment reveals abdominal tenderness and a pulsating mass to the left of her umbilicus. You should suspect:
falsely high systolic and diastolic reading.
A blood pressure cuff that is too small for a patient's arm will give a
16 hours
A mother who is pregnant with her first baby is typically in the first stage of labor for approximately:
15 to 30
A newborn infant will usually begin breathing spontaneously within _______ seconds following birth.
flushed and red
A patient with high blood pressure would be expected to have skin that is
diaphoretic
A patient with profuse sweating is referred to as being
an informed refusal
A patient's refusal of EMS treatment and/or transport must be:
day and event
A patient's short-term memory is MOST likely intact if they correctly answer questions regarding
You have been exposed to TB
A positive TB skin test indicates that:
have delivered a baby before.
A precipitous labor and delivery is MOST common in women who:
reflective listening
A technique used to gain insight into a patient's thinking, which involves repeating in question form what the patient has said, is called:
I
A type ____ ambulance features a conventional, truck cab chassis with a modular ambulance body that can be transferred to a newer chassis as needed
Insert a peripheral intravenous catheter
According to the National EMS Scope of Practice Model, an EMT would require special permission from the medical director and the state EMS office to:
Assess for bilateral radial pulses.
According to the START triage system, what should you do if a patient is found to have a respiratory rate of 24 breaths/min?
the general geographic location of the incident
After being dispatched on an emergency call, you should expect the dispatcher to provide you with all of the following information, EXCEPT:
identify less-obvious injuries that require immediate treatment.
After performing a primary assessment, a rapid exam of the body should be performed to
location of the call
All of the following are considered to be protected health information (PHI), EXCEPT:
single-issue groups
An attack on an abortion clinic would MOST likely be carried out by a
help the team accomplish goals
An effective team leader should:
grunting
An infant or child with respiratory distress will attempt to keep his or her alveoli expanded at the end of inhalation by:
absent urine output
An infant with severe dehydration would be expected to present with:
apply direct pressure to the wound
An unresponsive trauma patient has a large open abdominal wound with massive external bleeding. You should:
base station
Any radio hardware containing a transmitter and receiver that is located in a fixed place is called a
reduce pain and swelling
Applying ice to and elevating an injured extremity are performed in order to:
medical director approval
As an EMT, you may be authorized to administer aspirin to a patient with chest pain based on:
function as the incident commander until additional personnel arrive
As the first arriving emergency responder at the scene of a suspected terrorist or weapon of mass destruction (WMD) incident, you should request additional resources as needed and then:
establish command
As the first-arriving senior EMT at the scene of an incident, you should perform a scene size-up and then:
direct pressure using dry, sterile dressings
Bleeding from soft-tissue injuries to the face is MOST effectively controlled with:
10 to 18 months
At what age does separation anxiety typically peak in infants and small children?
dissemination
The means by which a terrorist will spread a particular agent is called
a potent bacterial neurotoxin
Botulinum is:
lower the pitch of your voice
Because hearing-impaired patients typically have more difficulty hearing high-frequency sounds, it is important for you to:
prompt transport to the hospital is essential
Because the depth of an open abdominal wound is often difficult to determine:
have pulmonary edema and can follow verbal commands
CPAP is indicated for patients who
shallow chest movement
Clinical signs of labored breathing include all of the following, EXCEPT:
triage officer
Command functions under the incident command system include all of the following, EXCEPT:
an acute onset of dementia
Common causes of depression in the elderly include all of the following, EXCEPT:
hematemesis
Common signs and symptoms of a chest injury include all of the following, EXCEPT:
assist ventilations with a bag valve mask
During your assessment of a patient with blunt chest trauma, you note that the patient has shallow breathing and paradoxical movement of the left chest wall. You should:
such injuries can affect the respiratory system
Frequent reassessments of the patient with face or neck injuries are MOST important because:
when performing endotracheal intubation
Gloves, a mask, eye protection, and a face shield should be used:
carbon dioxide deficiency
Hazards that are associated with a structural fire include all of the following, EXCEPT:
60, 100
In the adult, bradycardia is defined as a pulse rate less than _______ beats/min, and tachycardia is defined as a heart rate greater than _______ beats/min.
inadequate patient care was administered
In the eyes of the courts, an incomplete or untidy patient care form indicates:
the patient is competent and signs a release form
In which of the following circumstances can the EMT legally release confidential patient information?
survey the area for power lines or other hazards.
It is 10:30pm and you have requested air medical transport for a critically injured patient. When you arrive at the designated landing zone, you should
they fear retribution from the abuser.
Many older victims of physical abuse may make false statements or lie about the origin of their injuries because:
atropine and pralidoxime chloride
Multiple people in a small town began experiencing abdominal cramps, excessive salivation and urination, and muscle twitching shortly after a small crop duster plane made several passes over the community. As you are assessing the patients, you further determine that most of them are bradycardic and have miosis. In addition to 100% oxygen, the MOST important treatment for these patients includes:
collapsed jugular veins
Signs and symptoms of a tension pneumothorax include all of the following, EXCEPT:
diaphoresis, tachycardia, and hallucinations
Signs of excited delirium include:
the pregnant uterus compresses the inferior vena cava.
Supine hypotensive syndrome occurs when
the patent receives definitive care
The "Golden Hour" begins when an injury occurs and ends when
ensuring your personal safety
The MOST important consideration at the scene of a hazardous materials incident is:
substandard or inappropriate patient care
The MOST serious consequence of drug or alcohol abuse among EMS personnel is:
breech presentation and prolapsed umbilical cord
The ONLY indications for placing your gloved fingers in the vagina during delivery are:
lacrimal gland
The conjunctiva are kept moist by fluid produced by the
94% to 99%
The goal of oxygenation for most patients is an oxygen saturation of
19 and 25 years
The human body should be functioning at its optimal level between the ages of:
conjunctiva
The inner surface of the eyelids and the exposed surface of the eye itself are covered by a delicate membrane called the
mandible
The lower jawbone is called the
standard of care
The manner in which the EMT must act or behave when caring for a patient is called the
legal but unethical
Two EMTs witnessed a call in which a coworker gave adequate medical care but ignored the patient's emotional needs. The coworker was deliberately rude solely because the patient was thought to be infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The EMTs ignored the coworker's treatment of this patient and took no steps to prevent this behavior from happening again. This lack of action on the part of the two EMTs is considered:
simplex
Two-way communication that requires the EMT to "push to talk" and "release to listen" describes which mode of communication?
report to the incident commander for instructions
Upon arriving at the scene of a law enforcement tactical situation, you should ensure your own safety and then:
immediately request additional resources
Upon arriving at the scene of a motor vehicle crash, you can see three patients, one who is entrapped in his car and two who have been ejected from their vehicle. You should:
introduce yourself to the patient
Upon arriving at the scene of a patient with difficulty breathing, you determine that the scene is safe. You enter the residence and find the patient sitting in a chair in obvious distress. Your first action should be to
animals or insects
Vector-borne transmission of an infectious organism occurs via:
jaw-thrust maneuver
What maneuver should be used to open the airway of an unresponsive patient with suspected trauma
peritonitis might not develop for several hours
When a hollow organ is punctured during a penetrating injury to the abdomen:
determine the onset of the patient's symptoms.
When assessing a geriatric patient who has possibly experienced an acute ischemic stroke, it is MOST important to:
signs and symptoms of shock
When assessing a patient with a hemothorax, you will MOST likely find:
wear gloves and facial protection
When caring for a patient with an open facial injury, the EMT's immediate priority should be to:
determine the degree of the patients impairment
When communicating with a visually impaired patient, you should:
start of one to the start of the next.
When determining the frequency of contractions, you should time the contractions from the:
avoid speculation and document only factual data.
When documenting a call involving a female patient who was sexually assaulted, the EMT should:
avoid documenting any unsupported opinions.
When documenting a case of suspected elder abuse, it is MOST important for the EMT to:
determine which complaint poses the greatest threat to the patient's life
When evaluating a patient with multiple complaints, the EMT's responsibility is to
use plain language and simple terms
When explaining the need for a particular procedure to an elderly patient, you should:
begin resuscitation at once
When faced with a situation in which a patient is in cardiac arrest and a valid living will or DNR order cannot be located, you should:
place blankets behind the patients head
When immobilizing a patient with a kyphotic spine to a long backboard, the EMT would MOST likely have to:
repeating statements back to him or her
When interviewing a patient, you can show him or her that you understand the situation by
bruising behind the ear
When performing the secondary assessment on a trauma patient, you note the presence of Battle sign. This is defined as
dependent lividity
You arrive at the scene of an apparent death. When evaluating the patient, which of the following is a definitive sign of death?
they might need to call a specialist to see the patient
When transporting a patient with a facial injury, it is most important to be as descriptive as possible with the hospital regarding the patient's injuries because
systolic blood pressure
When you use the palpation method to obtain a blood pressure, the measurement you obtain is the
extrication
Which of the following duties or responsibilities does NOT fall within the realm of the medical branch of the incident command system?
Briskly constricting pupils when exposed to light
Which of the following findings would be LEAST suggestive of a head injury?
Dirty bombs could injure victims with both radioactive material and the explosive material used to deliver it
Which of the following statements regarding a "dirty bomb" is correct?
It is a clear, jellylike fluid near the back of the eye that cannot be replaced if it is lost.
Which of the following statements regarding the vitreous humor is correct?
preoxygenation with a BVM
Which of the following would the EMT MOST likely be asked to do when assisting a paramedic with endotracheal intubation?
off-line
Which type of medical direction do standing orders and protocols describe?
bilateral
a patient has fractured both femurs. Anatomically, these injuries would be described as being
confirm this information with law enforcement personnel at the scene
While en route to the scene of a shooting, the dispatcher advises you that the perpetrator has fled the scene. You should
administer oxygen and transport to the hospital
While jogging, a 19-year-old male experienced an acute onset of shortness of breath and pleuritic chest pain. He is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. Your assessment reveals that he has diminished breath sounds over the left side of the chest. You should:
stop and splint the leg in the deformed position
You and your partner are preparing to apply a traction splint to a patient's deformed thigh. As you apply manual traction, the patient resists your efforts and states that the pain is getting worse. You should
remain with the ambulance and wait for fire personnel to bring the victim to you
You and your partner are standing by at the scene of a residential fire when you hear the incident commander state, "we have located a victim" over the radio. You should
assign her a low priority and continue triaging.
You and your partner arrive at the scene where a truck has crashed into a small building, injuring eight people. You immediately request additional ambulances and begin the triage process. The first patient that you triage is a young female who is unconscious and apneic. She has an open head injury and her pulse is weak and thready. You should:
has a history of eye surgeries
You are assessing a 59-year-old male and note that his pupils are unequal. He is conscious and alert. When obtaining his medical history, it is MOST pertinent to ask him if he:
ask the patient if he can unlock the door
You are attempting to gain access to a patient who was injured when his truck struck another vehicle from behind. The patient is conscious and alert, but is screaming in pain. You try to open the door, but it is locked. You should:
apply direct pressure above and below the wound
You are dispatched to a convenience store where the clerk sustained a laceration to the side of his neck during a robbery attempt. During your assessment, you note bright red blood spurting from the laceration. You should:
law enforcement is at the scene
You are dispatched to a residence for a young female who was kicked in the abdomen. While en route to the scene, you should ask the dispatcher if:
determine the patient's baseline mental status.
You are dispatched to a skilled nursing care facility for an 80-year-old female with abnormal behavior. The patient is clearly confused and asks you if you are her husband. You should:
closely monitor him and reassess him frequently
You are transporting a patient with blunt abdominal trauma. The patient is unstable and is experiencing obvious signs and symptoms of shock. Your estimated time of arrival at the hospital is less than 10 minutes. After treating the patient appropriately, you should:
compression of the aorta and vena cava
You are transporting a stable patient with a possible pneumothorax. The patient is receiving high-flow oxygen and has an oxygen saturation of 95%. During your reassessment, you find that the patient is now confused, hypotensive, and profusely diaphoretic. What is MOST likely causing this patient's deterioration?
turn the backboard onto its side
You are transporting an immobilized patient with severe facial trauma. As you are preparing to give your radio report to the hospital, the patient begins vomiting large amounts of blood. You should:
laceration of the aorta
You arrive at the scene of a major motor vehicle crash. The patient, a 50-year-old female, was removed from her vehicle prior to your arrival. Bystanders who removed her state that she was not wearing a seatbelt. The patient is unresponsive, tachycardic, and diaphoretic. Your assessment reveals bilaterally clear and equal breath sounds, a midline trachea, and collapsed jugular veins. You should be MOST suspicious that this patient has experienced a:
roll her onto her side and remove the oral airway
You have inserted an oral airway and are ventilating an apneic woman with a bag-valve mask. She suddenly begins regurgitating large amounts of vomit. You should:
Check the pulse rate at the brachial artery.
You have just delivered a full-term infant. His respirations are rapid and irregular, and he has a strong cry. What should you do next?
partially remove the dressing
You have sealed the open chest wound of a 40-year-old male who was stabbed in the anterior chest. Your reassessment reveals that he is experiencing increasing respiratory distress and tachycardia, and is developing cyanosis. You should:
suction his mouth and nose, apply high-flow oxygen, monitor the patients breath sounds for a pneumothorax, and contact medical control regarding transport to a recompression facility
You respond to a local lake where a diver complains of difficulty breathing that occurred immediately after rapidly ascending from a depth of approximately 30 feet. On assessment, you note that he has cyanosis around his lips and pink froth coming from his nose and mouth. You should:
thoroughly document the entire event
Your best protection against legal liability when a patient with decision making capacity refuses EMS care and transport is to
behavior
_____ is what you can see a persons response to the environment
disconnect the ventilator and apply a tracheostomy collar
a 13-year old child is on a home ventilator. The parents called because the mechanical ventilator is malfunctioning, and the child has increasing respiratory distress. You should
keep her knee flexed and secure it with padded board splints
a 17-year old female dislocated her patella with playing soccer. Her knee is flexed and she complains of severe pain. You should
direct your partner to begin ventilatory assistance.
a 19-year-old female has just been extricated from her severely damaged car. She is on a long backboard and has been moved to a place of safety. As your partner maintains manual stabilization of her head, you perform a rapid assessment. The patient is unresponsive, has slow and shallow respirations, and has bilateral closed femur deformities. You should:
bind his legs together on the backboard, keep him warm, and transport without delay
a 21- year old male was thrown over the handlebars of his motercylce when he rear ended a car that was stopped at a red light. He was wearing a helmet, which he removed pior to your arrival. He is conscious but restless and has closed deformities to both of his femur. His skin is pale, his heart rate is rapid and weak and his respirations are rapid and shallow. You should
open the patients airway and assess his respiration
a 22 year old male with a history of clinical depression called 9-1-1 and stated that he has attempted to kill himself. Your unit and law enforcement officers arrive at the scene simulateously. You find the patient lying supine on the living room floor. He is unresponsive and cyanotic. An empty bottle of hydromorphone (dilaudid) is found on an adjacent table. You should
alternate oropharyngeal suctioning and ventilation with a bag-mask device
a 23-year-old male experienced severe head trauma after his motercycle collided with an oncoming trunk. He is unconscious, has agonal gasps, and has copious bloody secretions in his mouth. How should you manage his airway
place her on her side, administer high-flow oxygen, and transport
a 26-year old female who is 34 weeks pregnant is experiencing a seizure. Her husband tells you that her blood pressure has been high and that she had been complaining of a headache for the past few days. You should:
assess for a carotid pulse for up to 60 seconds
a 30 year olf male was rescued after being lost in the woods for approximately 18 hours. The outside temperature is 30F (-1C). He is immediately placed in the warmed ambulance, where you perform a primary assessment. He is unresponsive, pale, and apneic. You should:
supine positioning, splinting the leg, and transporting
a 31-year old male was bitten on the leg by an unidentified snake. The patient is conscious and alert and in no apparent distress. Your assessment of his leg reveals two small puncture marks with minimal pain and swelling. In addition to administering oxygen and providing reassurance, further care for this patient should include
applying direct pressure with a dry, sterile dressing
a 54 year old male experienced an avulsion to his penis when his foreskin got caught in the zipper of his pants. He was able to unzip his pants and remove the foreskin prior to your arrival. Your assessment reveals that he is in severe pain and that the avulsion is bleeding moderately. The most appropriate treatment for this patient includes
moderate dehydration
a 6-month-old male presents with 2 days of vomiting and diarrhea. He is conscious, but his level of activity is decreased. The infants mother tells you that he has not had a soiled diaper in over 12 hours. The infants heart rate is 14o beats/min, and his anterior fontanelle appears to be slightly sunken. You should suspect
encourage him to cough, give oxygen as tolerated, and transport.
a 6-year old male presents with acute respiratory distress. His mother states that she saw him put a small toy into his mouth shorty before the episode began. The child is conscious, obviously frightened and is coughing forcefully, you should
ask the daughter how her father normally behaves
a 66 year old male presents with bizarre behavior. His daighter states that he did not seem to recognize her and was very rude to her. The patient is conscious and has a patent airway and adequate breathing. You should
the effects of her antihypertensive medication
a 69-year old female was involved in a motor vehicle crash. She is semiconscious with a blood pressure of 80/50 mmHg and a heart rate of 74 beats/min that is weak. Her daughter, who was uninjured in the crash, tells you that her mother has a history of hypertension and takes beta blockers. Because this patient is probably in shock, what is the most likely explanation for the absence of trachycardia?
the patient is experiencing delirious behavior, which suggests a new health problem
a 77-year old female presents with an acute onset of altered mental status. Her son is present and advises that she has a history of hypertension, atrial fibrillation, type 2 diabetes, and glaucoma. He further advises that she takes numerous medications and is normally alert. When you assess this patient, it is important to note that
superior
a body part that is nearer to the head from a specific reference point is said to be
maintain stabilization of the spine at all times
a critical aspect of the rapid extrication technique is to
stop an emergency operation whenever a rescuer is in danger
a critical function of the safety officer is to
72
a critical incident stress debriefing should be conducted no longer than _____ hours following the incident
is excessively thirsty
a diabetic patient has polydipsia. This means that she
barometric pressure
a dysbarism injury refers to the signs and symptoms related to changes in
a segment of the chest wall is detached from the thoracic cage
a flail chest occurs when
pathologic
a fracture caused by minimal force that is associated with deases such as cancer and osteoporosis is called a ____ fracture
immobilize his spine with a long backboard and place him in a basket stretcher.
a hiker was injured when he fell approximately 20' from a cliff. When you arrive at the scene, a member of the technical rescue group escorts you to the patient, who is positioned on a steep incline. The most appropriate method of immobilizing and moving the patient to the ambulance is to
requires specialized gear designed for protection against that particular hazard
a level 4 hazardous material
cover the exposed bowel with a moist sterile dressing and then secure it in place with a dry bandage.
a man has a large laceration across his lower abdominal wall and a loop of bowel is protruding from the wound. He is conscious and alert and there is minimal bleeding from the wound. You shoud
anchoring
a man with chest pain tells the EMTs that he hurt his chest 2 weeks ago. The EMTs conclude that the patient likely has a fractured rib or other chest wall injury At the hospital, a man is diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction. Which of the following decision traps does this scenario depict
with the bevel facing the septum if inserted into the right nare
a nasopharyngeal airway is inserted
age-appropriate behavior, good muscle tone, and good eye contact
a normal level of consciousness in an infant or child is characterized by
advise the team leader that immediate transport is more important than splinting
a team of EMTs is caring for a critically injured patient. The team leader advises that transport will not begin until the patients closes forearm fracture is splinted. Utilizing the crew resource management model, the EMT should
anterolateral
a trauma patient has a gunshow would to the left side of the chest, away from the nipple. How should the injury location be described
shunt
a tube from the brain to the abdomen that drains excessive cerebrospinal fluid is called a
the battery has higher voltage than a traditional vehicle battery.
a unique consideration when dealing with a hybrid vehicle is that
epiphyseal
a(n) _____ fracture occurs in the growth section of a childs bone and might lead to bone growth abnormalities
Abduction
movement or motion away from the bodys midline is called:
thyroid gland
abnormalities in metabolism are most likely to be caused by dysfunction of the
Offer a workplace environment that reduces the risk of exposure
according to occupational safety and health administration (OSHA) regulations, an employer must
check the mechanical ventilator for malfuntion
according to the "E" in the DOPE mnemonic, which of the following actions should you preform to troubleshoot inadequate ventilation in a patient with a tracheostomy tube?
all healthcare facilities must provide a medical assessment and required treatment, regardless of the patients ability to pay
according to the emergency medical treatment and active labor act (EMTALA)
assist a patient with certain prescribed medications
according to the national EMS scope of practice model, an EMT should be able to
assault
acting in such a way as to make another person fear immediate bodily harm is called
somatic nervous system
activities such as walking, talking and writing are regulated by the
nausea and vomiting
after a head injury, which of the following is more common in children than in adults?
turn your emergency lights off and obey all traffic laws
after assessing your patient, you determine that his condition is stable. You provide the appropriate treatment and then load his into the ambulance. While en route to the hospital, you should
administer oxygen and epinephrine and prepare for rapid transport
after being stung on the leg by a jellyfish, a man complains of severe pain to his leg, dizziness, and difficulty breathing. He has a red rash covering his trunk and his blood pressure is 90/50 mmhg. The EMT should:
provide emotional support to the mother
after delivery of a pulseless and apneic infant who has a foul odor, skin sloughing, and diffuse blistering, you should:
assess the patients response to his or her environment
after ensuring his or her own safety, the EMTs next priority when caring for a patient with a behavior emergency is to
take measures to ensure the safety of yourself and others
after recognizing that an incident involves a hazardous material, you should contact the hazardous material team and then
brainstem
all critical life functions are coordinated in which part of the brain
spleen
all of the following are hollow abdominal organs, except the
sarin
all of the following are vescicant agents, except
coral snake
all of the following snakes are pit vipers, except for the
is often the result of hypertension and atherosclerosis.
an abdominal aortic aneurysm
12 and 20 breaths/min
an adult at rest should have a respiratory rate that ranges between
Continue to be nonjudgmental, compassionate, and respectful
an appropriate demonstration of professionalism when your patient is frightened, demanding, or unpleasant is to
back is bent forward at the hips
an emt might injure his or her back, even if it is straight, if the:
did not make provisions for continued care of an injured patient
an emt would most likely be held liable for abandoment if he or she
speaking with the patient and family to establish what is considered normal for the patient
an important aspect in the assessment of a patient who experienced a previous brain injury involves
the occiput is proprtionately large and the trachea is flexible
an infant or small child's airway can be occluded if it is overextended or overflexed because
provides an organized, routine environment
an infant or small toddler would most likely gain trust in a person whi
prone
an intoxicated 40-year old male is found lying face down. How would you document his bodys position
Cheyne-Stokes respiration
an irregular pattern of breathing characterized by an increasing rate and depth of breathing followed by periods of apnea are called
pathologic fracture
an older women with osteoporosis presents with pain and deformity to her left hip after she shifted her weight onto her other foot. She has most likely experienced a(n):
an external wound is present over the fracture site
an open fracture is more accurately defined as a fracture in which
an open chest wound through which air moves during breathing
an open pneumothorax is
cause the child to vomit
an oropharyngeal airway should not be used in children who have ingested a caustic or petroleum-based product because it might
might not be obvious or present all the time
as an emt, it is important to remember that the signs and symptoms of cumulative stress
stop the move and request additional lifting assistance
as you and your partner are carrying a stable patient down a flight of stairs in a stair chair, you feel a sudden, sharp pain in your lower back. You should
respond only after giving a verbal patient report to a nurse or physician
as you are wheeling your patient through the emergency department doors, you receive another call for a major motor vehicle crash. You should
muscle decreases in size and function because of disease or trauma
atrophy is a condition that occurs when
place him or her on a firm surface
before positioning an infant or child's airway, you should
gallbladder
bile is produced by the liver and concentrated and stored in the
6 years
capillary refill time is most reliable as an indicator of end-organ refusion in children younger than:
failure of the respiratory system.
cardiac arrest in the pediatric population is most commonly the result of
keeping the leg at the level of the heart
care for a patient with a fractured tibia and suspected compartment syndrome includes
alzheimer's disease
causes of delirium in the older patient include all of the following, except
slight increases in carbon dioxide or a decrease in the ph of the cerebrospinal fluid
central chemoreceptors located in the medulla provide feedback to increase the rate and depth of breathing when they sense
cherry-red spots or a purplish rash
children with N meningitides would most likely present with:
cataracts
clouding of the lenses of the eyes is called
positive pressure ventilation
common interventions used to stimulate spontaneous respirations in the newborn include all of the following except
deformity
common signs and symptoms of a sprain include all of the following, except
elevating the tone of your voice and exaggerating word pronunciation
communicating with hearing impaired patients can be facillitated by doing all of the following, expect
proportionately larger and situated more anteriorly
compared to adults, the liver and spleen of pediatric patients are more prone to injury and bleeding because they are
maintain, update, and expand the EMT's knowledge and skills
continuing education in EMS serves to
head
covering a patients ______ will significantly minimize radiation heat loss
an EMT is exposed to a victim who has not yet been decontaminated.
cross-contaimination occurs when
bleeding in the brain
death caused by shaken baby syndrome is usually the result of
discuss the assessment approach that has taken after the call is over
during a call, the emt observes her partner using an assessment approaching that she is unfamiliar with. The patient is stable and has no life threatening condition. What should the emt do?
"Got it. Ill give oral glucose"
during patient care, the EMT instructs her partner to administer one tube of oral glucose to a conscious patient with low blood sugar. The partners most appropriate response should be
converse with the patient and provide reassurance.
during the transport phase of an ambulance call, it is most important to
allow him time to think about the question and respond to it
during your assessment of a 20 year old man with a severe headache and nausea, you ask him when his headache began but he does not answer your question immediately, you should:
immobilizing her to a backboard and rapidly transporting
during your secondary assessment of 19 year old female with multiple traumas, you note bilateral humeral deformities and a deformity to the left midshaft femur. Her skin is diaphoretic, and her pulse is rapid and weak. Your partner has appropriately managed her airway and is maintaining manual stabilization of her head. The most appropriate treatment for this patient includes
stabilize the pelvis with a pelvic binder and protect the spine
during your secondary assessment of a 30-year old male who fell 25 feet, you note crepitus when palpating his pelvis. Your partner advises you that the patients blood pressure is 80/50 mmhg and his heart rate is 120 beats/min and weak. After completing your assessment you should
apply gently pressure to the baby's head as it delivers
during your visual inspection of a 25 year old women in labor, you see the baby's head crowning at the vaginal opening. What should you do?
accidental death and disability: the neglected disease of modern society
ems as we know it today had its origins in 1966 with the publication of
coughing up blood
hemoptysis is defined as
Evaporation
high humidity reduces the ability to lose heat through
considering your own culture values as more important when interacting with people of different culture
ethnocentrism is defined as
increased surface area available for air exchange
factors that contribute to a decline in the vital capacity of an elderly patient include all of the following, except
6 months and 6 years
febrile seizures are most common in children between
might indicate a serious underlying illness
febrile seizures in a child
1,000
femoral shaft fractures can result in up to _____ mL of internal blood loss
provide ventilation assistance with a bag valve mask
following blunt trauma to the chest, an 18 year old female presents with respiratory distress, shallow breathing, and cyanoisis. Her blood pressure is 80/50 mm hg and her pulse is 130 beats/min and thready. You should
firmly massage the uterine fundus with a circular motion.
following delivery of a full-term baby, you have properly cared for the baby and have clamped and cut the umbilical cord. During transport, you note that the mother is experiencing moderate vaginal bleeding. You should
patient's medical history
for every emergency request, the dispatcher should routinely gather and record all of the following information, except the
croup
for which of the following conditions would the EMT most likely administer humidified oxygen
the EMT is given dispatch information
gathering data about a patient begins when
Alarm response, reaction and resistance, and recovery
general adaption syndrome is characterized by which of the following phases
exhibits poor thermoregulation
geriatric patients, newborns, and infants are especially prone to hyperthermia because they
frequently asking the patient if he or she understands.
good general communication techniques with the elderly include
their bones bend more easily than an adult's.
greenstick fractures occur in infants and children because
the bodys heat-eliminating mechanisms are overwhelmed
heatstrokes occurs when
Erythrocytes
hemoglobin is a molecule that attaches to ____ and carries oxygen
95F
hypothermia occurs when the core body temperature falls below
the patient history
if a dislocated shoulder has spontaneously reduced before your arrival, the only way to confirm the injury is by noting
reevaluate his or her airway status
if a patient develops difficulty breathing after your primary assessment, you should immediately
must increase his or her respiratory rate to maintain adequate minute volume
if a patient with a chest injury only inhales small amounts of air per breath, he or she
minute volume will decrease
if a person's tidal volume decreases, but his or her respiratory rate remains unchanged
Gradually slow down without jamming on the brakes.
if hydroplaning of the ambulance occurs, the driver should
attempt to use the patient's suction device first because it is probably already sized correctly.
if suctioning of the tracheostomy tube is necessary, the EMT should
AED and portable suction unit
if you could only take two pieces of equipment with you to a patients side, you should choose that
your own work area
in an independent group, you would have
shows little emotional response to a parent or caregiver following repeated rejection
in contrast to secure attachment, anxious avoidant attachment occurs when a child
increased stability from a wider wheelbase
in contrast to typical wheeled ambulance stretchers, features of a bariatric stretcher include
articular cartilage
in moving joints, the ends of the bones are covered with
act almost purely to avoid punishment and to get what they want
in preconventional reasoning, children
proximal
in relation to the wrist, the elbow is
aerobic metabolism
in the presence of oxygen, the cells convert glucose into energy through a process called
on his or her side
in the recovery position, the patient is
a call is recieved 15 minutes prior to shift change
in which of the following situations does a legal duty to act clearly exist
if resistance is encountered or the patient experiences severe pain
in which of the following situations should the EMT splint an injured limb in the position of deformity
supine
in which position should you restrain a physically uncooperative patient
their rib cage is less rigid, and the ribs sit horizontally
infants are often referred to as "belly breathers" because
agencies of different types or from different jurisdictions to communicate with each other.
interoperability, an important feature of the NIMS, refers to the ability of
blood coming from the right side of the heart bypasses nonfunctional alveoli and returns to the left side of the heart in an unoxygenated state
intrapulmonary shunting occurs when
pleurisy
irritation or damage to the pleural surfaces that causes sharp chest pain during inhalation is called
the cells function with adequate oxygen
large amounts of adenosine triphoshate (ATP) are generated when
not cutting through holes in clothing that were caused by weapons
maintaining the chain of evidence at the scene of a crime should include
advise the physician that the order is unclear and ask for clarification
medical control gives you an order that seems inappropriate for the patients condition. After confirming that you heard the physician correctly, you should:
Combitubes or laryngeal mask airways.
minimum airway and ventilation equipment that should be carried on every ambulance include all of the following, except
at least one EMT
minimum staffing in the patient compartment of a basic life support (BLS) ambulance includes
cellular tissue damage occurs from excessive oxygen levels in the blood
oxygen toxicity is a condition in which
breathe rapidly and shallowly
patients with rib fractures will commonly
might decrease the amount of blood that returns to the heart
placing a pregnant patient in a supine position during the third trimester of pregnancy
alveolar sacs
the actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs in the
exposure to or injury from a traumatic occurence
posttraumatic stress disorder can happen after
root
regarding medical terminology, the foundation of the word is called
ventricular fibrillation
rough handling of a hypothermic patient with a pulse might cause
partial-thickness burns covering more than 20% of the body surface
severe burns in children include
increasing metabolic rate
shivering is a mechanism in which the body generates heat by
a mentally competent adult can withdraw his or her consent to treat at any time
shortly after you load your patient, a 50 year old man with abdominal pain, into the ambulance, he tells you that he changed his mind and does not want to go to the hospital. The patient is conscious and alert and has no signs of mental incapacitation. You are suspicious that the man has a significant underlying condition and feel strongly that he should go to the hospital. Which of the following statements regarding the situation is correct?
a weak, rapid pulse
signs of late heatstroke include
tendons
skeletal muscle is attached to the bone by tough, ropelike fibrous structures called
diaphragm
the ______ is a muscular dome that separates the thorax from the abdomen
a birth defect caused by incomplete closure of the spinal column
spina bifida is defined by
air is escaping into the chest wall from a damaged lung.
subcutaneous emphysema is an indiction that
Alcohol
submersion injuries in the adolescent age group are most commonly associated with
fever and headaches
symptoms of both inhaled and ingested ricin include
might cause the patient to think that he or she has no say in making decisions
talking about an elderly patient in front of him or her to other members of the family
Domestic Terrorism
the 1996 summer olympics bombing is an example of
bias
the EMT is assessing a man who fell and struck his head. The patient is a known alcoholic and has the odor of alcohol on his breath. The EMT assumes that the man is drunk and does not assess his signs and symptoms of a head injury. This is an example of
stand by at the command post until the person is located
the EMT's role at the scene of a search and rescue attempt is
hypoxia due to prolonged suction attempts
the MOST significant complication associated with oropharyngeal suctioning is
apex
the ____ of the heart is the inferior portion of the ventricles
midsagittal
the _____ plane separates the body into left and right halves
pulmonary embolism
three days after delivering her baby, a 30-year old woman complains of a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. Her level of consciousness is decreased, and she is tachycardic. The EMT should suspect
abdomen
to assess a patients general body temp, pull back on your glove and place the back of your hand on his or her skin at the
used preparatory commands to initiate any moves
to facilitate a safe and coordinated move, the team leader should
keep the weight as close to your body as possible
to minimize the risk of injury yourself when lifting or moving a patient you should
corner of the mouth to the earlobe
to select the proper size oropharyngeal airway, you should measure from the
100 Ibs
trench collapses usually involve large areas of falling dirt that weigh approximately ____ per cubic foot
are usually not treatable.
unlike bacterial agents, viral agents
leave only the essential warning lights activated
upon arrival at a motor vehicle crash, the EMT should:
ureters
urine is transported from the kidneys to the urinary bladder via the
chronic seizure disorder
vagus nerve stimulators may be an alternative treatment to medication for patients with
seep out of the blood vessels and tissues
viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHF), such as ebola, cause the blood to:
to transport a mature egg to the uterus
what is the function of the fallopian tubes
the tongue
what is the most common cause of airway obstruction in an unconcious patient
air moves primarily in the anatomic dead space and does not participate in pulmonary gas exchange
what occurs when a patient is breathing very rapidly and shallowly
the flexible ribs can be compressed without breaking
when a child experiences a blunt chest injury
approach the aircraft from the downhill side.
when a helicopter must land on a grade (uneven ground), you should
might rise as high as the nipple line
when a person is lying supine at the end of exhalation, the diaphram
recall that the patient is at risk for negative medication interactions
when an elderly patient presents you with multiple over-the-counter medications that he or she is taking, it is most important to
be observant for signs of fear or reluctance from the patient
when assessing or providing care to a patient with an intellectual disability, you should
negligence
when caring for a 65 year old male with respiratory distress, you place him in a comfortable position but do not apply oxygen. The patients condition continues to deteriorate: he develops cardiac arrest and dies at the hospital. This scenario is an example of
establish his or her chief complaint and then communicate your plan of help
when caring for a morbidly obese patient, you should
tell hill or her what is happening, identify noises, and describe the situation and surroundings
when caring for a patient who is visually impaired, it is important to:
their limbs are often underdeveloped and are prone to injury.
when caring for patients with cerebral palsy, it is important to remember that
keep the head end elevated
when carrying a patient on a backboard up or down stairs:
use the words "affirmative" and "negative" instead of "yes" or "no."
when communicating information over the radio, you should:
the make and model of the vehicle
when determining the exact location and position of the patients in a wrecked vehicle, you and your team should routinely consider all of the following EXCEPT:
if it is necessary to use the siren, you should tell the patient beforehand
which of the following statements regarding the use of the warning lights and sirens on the ambulance is correct?
toddlers and preschoolers commonly experience upper respiratory infections because of the loss of passive immunity
which of the following statements regarding toddlers and preschoolers is correct
patients with intellectual disabilities are susceptible to the same disease processes as the other patients
which of the following statemtents regarding patients with intellectual disabilities is correct?
implied
which of the following types of consent allows treatment of a patient who is unconscious or mental incapacitated
muscle activity increases
which of the following would be the least likely to occur in a patient with a core body temperature of between 89F (32C) and 92F (33C)
using a piece of paper and writing utensil to ask questions
which of the following would be the most practical method of communicating with a hearing-impaired patient until his or her hearing aids can be located?
cumulative stress reactions
which type of stress reaction occurs when an EMT is exposed to many insignificant stressors over a period of several months or years
situational awareness
while providing care to a patient, the EMT informs her partner that a shotgun is leaning against the wall in the corner of the room. In making this observation, the EMT has demonstrated
minimize overall
while transferring a patient to ALS staff, interference should be
continue transporting your patient and notify the dispatcher of the crash.
while transporting a stable patient with chest pain to the hospital, you come across a major motor vehicle crash involving several critically injured patients. You should
contact medical control and notify them of the error
while transporting a woman with diabetes, you inadvertently give her oral glucose even though her blood glucose level was high. You reassess the patient and note that her condition did not change; she remained stable. You should
assign him a delayed (yellow) category and continue triaging the other patients.
while triaging patients at the scene of a building collapse, you encounter a young child who is conscious, alert, and breathing; has bilateral radial pulses; and has a severely angulated leg, which is not bleeding. According to the JumpSTART triage system, you should
carefully exceed the posted speed limit.
while using lights and siren, most state laws permit an ambulance to
additional information and evidence indicate that the effectiveness of certain interventions has changed
why are prehospital emergency care guidelines updated on a regular basis
they are preparing for retirement but must still mangage everyday financial demands
why do middle adults commonly experience financial concerns
decreased physical activity, increased weight gain, and decreased insulin production
why does the incidence of diabetes mellitus increase with age
90
with a good mask-to-face seal and an oxygen flow rate of 15L/min, the nonrebreathing mask is capable of delivering up to ______ % inspired oxygen
the blood vessels becoming still
with increasing age, the heart must work harder to move the blood effectively because
spleen
worn-out blood cells, foreign substances, and bacteria are filtered from the blood by the
insert an oropharyngeal airway and reattempt ventitations
you and your partner are caring for a critically injured patient who is unresponsive and apneic. Your partner is controlling severe bleeding from the patients lower extremeities as you attempt ventilations with a bag-mask device. After repositioning the mask serveral times, you are unable to effectively ventilate the patient. You should
use short, simple questions and point to specific parts of your body to try to determine the source of the patients complaint
you and your partner are dispatched to a residence for an "ill person". When you arrive, you find that the patient, a 44 year old man does not speak english. There are no relatives or bystanders present who can act as an interpreter. You should
place heat packs to her groin, axillae, and behind her neck; cover her with warm blankets; and avoid rough handling
your assessment of a 23 year old female reveals a core body temp of 93.4F (34C). She is conscious, answers your questions appropriately, is shivering, and complains of nausea. Her skin is cold and pale, her muscles appear rigid, and her respirations are rapid. You should:
assess the unresponsive patients pulse, begin CPR starting with chest compression if he is pulseless, and attach the automated external defibrillator as soon as possible
you and your partner respond to a park where several people were reportedly struck by lightning. When you arrive, you find three patients. The first patient is lying supine on the ground; he is unresponsive and does not appear to be breathing. The second patient is ambulatory, appears confused, and is holding his arm against his chest. The third patient is sitting on the ground holding the sides of his head. After calling for backup, you should:
realize that you are in the danger zone and prevent others from entering
you are approaching an overturn tanker trunk to assess the driver, who appears to be unresponsive. As you get closer to the vehicle, you note the smell of noxious fumes and find that you are in the midst of a vapor cloud. What should you do?
anthrax
you are assessing a 30 year old female who presents with respiratory distress and tachycardia after she opened a package that was delivered to her home. The patient tells you that there was a fine white powder on the package, but she did not think it was important. This patient has most likely been exposed to:
a black widow spider bite
you are assessing a 33-year old male who complains of severe abdominal pain, weakness and nauses. He tells you that he was gathering wood to build a fire when he felt a sudden, sharp pain on the back of his hand. Your assessment reveals that the patients abdomen is rigid and painful to palpation. You should suspect
move him into the cooled ambulance
you are dispatched to a local high school track and field event for a 16 year old male who fainted. The outside temperature is approximately 95F (35C) with high humidity. Upon your arrival, the patient is conscious, alert, and complains of nausea and a headache. His skin is cool, clammy, and pale. You should
small infants are nose breathers and require clear nasal passages at all times
you are dispatched to call for a 4 month old infant with respiratory distress. While you prepare to take care of this child, you must remember that
document this finding on your patient care report and advise the emergency department staff of what the childs parents told you
you are dispatched to the residence of an asian family for a child with a high fever. When you assess the child, you note that he has numerous red marks on his back. The childs parents explain that these marks represent coining-- the traditional asian healing practice in which hot coins are rubbed on the back. You should:
protect the affected part from further injury
you are transporting a 28 year old man with a frostbitten foot. The patients vital signs are stable, and he denies any other injuries or symptoms. The weather is tracherous and your transport time to the hospital is approximately 45 minutes. During transport, you should:
proceed with treatment and utilize law enforcement for assistance if necessary
you are treating a man who was assaulted and has a closed-head injury. The patient, who has slurred speech, becomes verbally abusive and tells you to leave him alone. You should
remove her dentures, resume ventilations, and assess for adequate chest rise
you are ventilating an apneic women with a bag-mask device. She has dentures, which are tight fitting. Adequate chest rise is present with each ventilation, and the patients oxygen saturation reads 96%. When you reassess the patency of her airway, you note that her dentures are now loose, although your ventilations are still producing adequate chest rise. You should:
slander
you could be sued for _____ if your radio report to the hospital describes the patient in a manner that injures his or her reputation
8
you have just delivered a baby boy. His body is pink, but his hands and feet are blue. His heart rate is approximately 110 beats/min, and his respirations are rapid and irregular. He has a weak cry when stimulated and resists attempts to straighten his legs. His Apgar score is
keep him warm and ventilate with a bag-mask device (BVM)
you have just delivered a premature baby. Your assessment reveals that he is breathing adequately; however, his heart rate is 90 beats/min. You should:
violent
you may not be able to determine whether a person has a mental illness, but you can predict the persons likelihood of becoming
Assess distal pulses, assess motor sensory, assess sensation
you receive a call to a local gymnasium for a basketball player with a dislocated shoulder. Upon arrival, you find the patient, a 17 year old male, sitting on the ground. He is holding his left arm in a fixed position away from his body. There is an obvious anterior bulge to the area of injury. You should
transport the infant to the hospital and bring the apnea monitor with you
you receive a call to a residence for an apneic 2-month old male. When you arrive at the scene, the infants mother tells you that her son was born prematurely and that his apnea monitor has alarmed four times in the past 30 minutes. Your assessment of the infant reveals that he is conscious and active. His skin is pink and dry, and he is breathing at an adequate rate and with adequate tidal depth. His oxygen saturation reads 98% on room air. You should
open her airway with a manual maneuver, suction her oropharynx, and insert a simple airway adjunct
you respond to a residence for a 9-year old female with down syndrome who is sick. When you arrive at the scene and assess the patient, you determine that she is unresponsive and has gurgling respirations. You should:
the patient complains of pelvic pain
you should avoid palpating a patient's pelvis if
his ability to physiologically compensate for his injury might be impaired due to an inability to increase cardiac output
you suspect that a 75 year old man has internal injuries after he fell and struck his ribs and abdomen on the corner of a table. When assessing and treating an injured patient of this age, you must recall that
placing the mother supine with her head down and pelvis elevated
your 22-year old patient is in active labor. Upon visual inspection, you note that the infants leg is protruding from the vagina. Appropriate management of this situation includes
retricular activating system
your ability to remain awake is a function of the
complete a thorough and accurate narrative because drop-down boxes cannot provide all of the information that needs to be documented
your ems system uses a computerized PCR in which you fill in the information electronically and then send it to the emergency department via a secure internal server. The PCR has a comprehensive series of drop-down boxes, which are used to identiy your assessment findings and specify the treatment that you provided; it also has a section for your narrative. When completeting your PCR after a call , you should:
control any external bleeding, administer oxygen, and transport at once.
your presence is requested by law enforcement to assess a 33-year old female who was sexually assaulted. The patient is conscious and obviously upset. As you are talking to her, you note an impressive amount of blood on her clothes in the groin area. Her blood pressure is 98/58 mm hg, her pulse is 130 beats/min, and her respirations are 24 breaths/min. You should
allow recoil of the chest between compressions to draw air into the lungs
your protocols state that during the first few minutes of working on a cardiac arrest patient, you should provide passive ventilation. This means that you will
