EMT-B MIDTERM
When performing endotracheal intubation
Gloves, a mask, eye protection, and a face shield should be used
Stridor
Harsh, high pitched inspiration sounds are characteristic of
it was not performed in the eyes of the law
If an action or procedure that was performed on a patient is not recorded on the written report:
Physical obstruction in the flow of blood
Obstructive shock
poor vessel function and severe volume loss.
Patients develop septic shock secondary to:
Cough
Patients with tuberculosis pose the greatest risk for transmitting the disease when they
get vaccinated against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis
The BEST way to prevent infection from whooping cough is to:
Alveolar sacs
The actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs in the:
The arteries contract to increase the blood pressure
What happens when blood volume is lost from the body?
Initial formation of a blood clot
What is the function of platelets?
To transport a mature egg to the uterus
What is the function of the fallopian tubes?
Avoid compressing both carotid arteries simultaneously
When palpating the carotid pulse of a responsive patient, you should:
Stridor
Which of the following abnormal breath sounds indicates obstruction of the upper airway
Rapidly assessing a patient's respiratory status
Which of the following actions would not be performed during the scene size up
A patient with a head injury who is slow to answer questions
Which of the following patients has signs of an altered mental status?
Hepatitis A is primarily transmitted via contact with blood or other body fluids
Which of the following statements regarding hepatitis A is correct
Poisoning
which of the following is a metabolic cause of a seizure
Beta- 1 receptors
An increase in heart rate and contractility occurs due to stimulation of:
Patella
Anterior to the knee is a specialized bone called the
with one pad to the right of the upper sternum and the other pad to the left lower chest below the armpit.
Defibrillator pads are placed on the patient's chest:
fat metabolization when glucose is unavailable.
Ketone production is the result of
Respirations increase in rate and depth
When the level of arterial carbon dioxide rises above normal:
While watching for adequate chest rise
When ventilating an apneic adult with a bag-valve mask, you should deliver each breath:
2 seconds
When you assess capillary refill time in an infant, normal color to the tested area should return within
Constricting
When you inspect a patient's pupils with a penlight, the pupils should normally react to the light by:
Beta blocker medications
Which of the following factors would MOST likely cause a patient's pulse rate to be slower than normal?
100 beats/min
At rest, the normal adult heart rate should not exceed:
it can continue to inject venom for up to 20 minutes.
Because the stinger of a honeybee remains in the wound following a sting:
Might develop illness from germs that lie dormant from the initial infection
If a person is partially immune to a particular disease, he or she
Limiting the amount of air that enters the lungs during the recoil phase between chest compressions, which results in negative intrathoracic pressure and improved cardiac filling
The impedance threshold device (ITD) may improve circulation during active compression-decompression CPR by
Limiting the amount of air that enters the lungs during the recoil phase between chest compressions, which results in negative intrathoracic pressure and improved cardiac filling
The impedance threshold device (ITD) may improve circulation during active compression-decompression CPR by:
Subcutaneous
Which layer of the skin is composed of fatty tissue and serves an an insulator for the body
Human Resources department
The ____________ deals with the well-being of the EMT, career progression, and EMT compensation.
The team leader assigns the EMT a task and the EMT repeats the request back to the team leader
Which of the following is an example of closed loop communication?
Alveoli
In what area of the lungs does respiration occur
The patient is competent and signs a release form
In which of the following circumstances can the EMT legally release confidential patient information
The patient is competent and signs a release form
In which of the following circumstances can the EMT legally release confidential patient information?
A call is received 15 minutes prior to shift change
In which of the following situations does a legal duty to act clearly exist?
Penetrating the cranium
The MOST serious complication associated with using a nasopharyngeal airway in a patient with trauma to the head or face is:
9 and 18 months
The anterior fontanelle fuses together between the ages of:
ilium, ischium and pubis
The pelvis bones are formed by the fusion of the
Anaphylaxis is characterized by airway swelling and hypotension
Which of the following statements regarding anaphylaxis is correct?
Pain that is localized to the lower back and/or lower abdominal quadrants is MOST suggestive of:
aortic aneurysm
BP, 200/100 mm Hg; pulse, 150 beats/min
Which of the following sets of vital signs would the EMT MOST likely encounter in a patient with acute cocaine overdose?
A medical condition caused by the growth and spread of small, harmful organisms within the body.
An infectious disease is MOST accurately defined as:
Medical director approval
As an EMT, you may be authorized to administer aspirin to a patient with chest pain based on:
Immune system
Asthma is caused by a response of the
failure of the nervous system causes widespread vasodilation.
Neurogenic shock occurs when:
cardiogenic shock
Pulmonary edema and impaired ventilation occur during
Proximal
Relative to the ankle, the knee is
Medical director
The person who is responsible for authorizing EMTs to perform emergency medical care in the field is the
Diastole
The phase of the cardiac cycle in which the ventricles fill with blood
When the patient poses a significant threat to self or others
When is forcible restraint permitted?
Only one section of the chest rises on inspiration, while another area falls
Which of the following MOST accurately describes paradoxical movement of the chest wall?
Bacterial damage to the vessel wall, leaking blood vessels and vasodilation
Which of the following MOST accurately describes septic shock?
Pulmonary
Which of the following arteries does NOT carry highly oxygenated blood?
Wheezing
Which of the following clinical signs is unique to anaphylactic shock
Stroke and heart attack
Which of the following conditions often requires transport to a hospital with specialized capabilities that may not be available at the closest hospital?
Care is transferred to a bystander
Which of the following is NOT an indication to stop CPR once you have started?
A 20 year old female with absent radial pulses and dilated pupils
Which of the following patients is in decompensated shock?
Vasoconstriction and bronchodilation
Which of the following physiologic actions does epinephrine produce when given for an allergic reaction?
Both pupils are sluggish with introduction of a bright light
Which of the following pupillary changes would indicate depressed brain function
Bleeding within the gastrointestinal tract is a symptom of another disease, not a disease itself
Which of the following statements regarding gastrointestinal bleeding is correct?
Preliminary diagnosis of the patients problem
Information included in a radio report to the receiving hospital should include all of the following, EXCEPT:
Enabling glucose to enter the cells
Insulin functions in the body by:
Metabolic coordination
Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin?
Pulmonary embolism
Which of the following conditions would affect the Q portion of the V/Q ratio?
Acute anxiety
Which of the following conditions would be LEAST likely to cause an altered level of consciousness?
hypovelemia
Which of the following conditions would be the least likely to mimic the signs and symptoms of a stroke
respirations of 20 breaths/min and bilateral chest movement
Which of the following is MOST characteristic of adequate breathing in an adult?
Bleeding control with a tourniquet
Which of the following skills would a layperson most likely be trained to perform before the arrival of EMS?
Subsequent exposure after sensitization often produces a more severe reaction
Which of the following statements regarding anaphylactic shock is correct?
Pulse oximetry measures the percentage of hemoglobin that is saturated with oxygen but does not measure the actual hemoglobin content of the blood
Which of the following statements regarding pulse oximetry is correct?
An EMT's scope of practice may be expanded by the medical director after proper training and state approval.
Which of the following statements regarding the EMS medical director and an EMT's scope of practice is correct?
OSHA requires that your employer offer you the vaccine free of charge
Which of the following statements regarding the hepatitis B vaccine is correct?
A concrete barricade
Which of the following would provide the EMT with the BEST cover in a situation involving active gunfire?
Intubate a patient
Which of the following would the paramedic be least likely to ask the EMT to do
cumulative stress reactions
Which type of stress reaction occurs when an EMT is exposed to many insignificant stressors over a period of several months or years?
aspiration pneumonia
While auscultating an elderly woman's breath sounds, you hear low-pitched "rattling" sounds at the bases of both of her lungs. This finding is MOST consistent with which of the following conditions?
move to the opposite side of the patient's chest.
While rescuer one is finishing his or her fifth cycle of 30 compressions, rescuer two should:
your partner's attempt to diminish their grief
While trying to make a family member feel better after
Additional information and evidence indicate that the effectiveness of certain interventions has changed
Why are prehospital emergency care guidelines updated on a regular basis?
220
With proper technique, you and your partner should be able to safely lift a patient who weighs up to ______ lb.
assisted ventilation and naloxone (Narcan).
You and your paramedic partner are caring for a patient who ingested codeine, acetaminophen (Tylenol), and hydrocodone (Vicodin). The patient is unresponsive, his breathing is slow and shallow, and his pulse is slow and weak. Treatment for this patient should include:
request additional personnel before making any attempts to lift him.
You and your partner respond to the scene of a 49-year-old male with acute abdominal pain. As you enter his residence, you find him lying on the floor in severe pain. He is conscious and alert. The patient appears to weigh in excess of 350 lb. Your FIRST action should be to:
9 to 18 months
The anterior fontanelle fuses together between the ages of:
Cervical spine injuries
The jaw thrust maneuver is used to open the airway of patients with suspected
90mm Hg
The low normal systolic blood prey for a 30 year old is
The hypoxic drive stimulates a person to breathe on the basis of low oxygen levels
Which of the following statements regarding the hypoxic drive is correct?
The isolate serves to keep the neonate warm and protects him or her from excess handling
Which of the following statements regarding the neonatal isolette is correct?
AEDs can be used safely on infants and children by using pediatric pads and an energy reducer
Which of the following statements regarding the use of an AED in children is correct
Asking questions related to the chief complaint
Which of the following will MOST reliably allow you to determine the nature of a patient's illness?
Liver laceration
Which of the following would most likely result in hemorrhagic shock
advise them that their son had severely disfiguring injuries and ask them if there is anyone they would like you to contact first.
A 15-year-old boy was killed when he was struck by a car while riding his bicycle. He has numerous disfiguring injuries and has been placed in the back of the ambulance to shield him from curious bystanders. When the child's parents arrive at the scene, they demand to see him. You should:
carbon monoxide poisoning
A man was found unresponsive in his bed at home. There is no evidence of injury and the patient's medical history is not known. The patient's face is cyanotic, yet the pulse oximeter reads 98%. Which of the following would MOST likely explain this?
Administering oxygen and transporting immediately
The MOST appropriate treatment for a patient with a mild upper airway obstruction includes:
absence of a palpable pulse
A patient with a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) tells you that the device's pump flow is continuous. Which of the following should you expect to encounter during your assessment?
Acute myocardial infarction
A patient tells you that he has a left ventricular assist device (LVAD). Which of the following conditions should you suspect that he has experienced?
Meningitis
A patient who presents with a headache, fever, confusion, and red blotches on his or her skin should be suspected of having
Dysarthria
A patient whose speech is slurred and difficult to understand is experiencing
the lumen of the coronary artery is narrowed and cannot accommodate increased blood flow.
A patient with atherosclerotic heart disease experiences chest pain during exertion because:
dilating the affected coronary artery with a small inflatable balloon.
A percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) restores blood flow to the ischemic myocardium by:
Fluid accumulation outside the lung
A pleural effusion is MOST accurately defined as:
At the upper part of the humerous
A proximal humeral fracture is one that is located
At the upper part of the humerus
A proximal humerus fracture is one that is located
repeat the order to medical control word for word
After receiving online orders from medical control to perform a patient care intervention, you should:
Take standard precautions
After sizing up the scene of a patient with a possible infectious disease, your next priority should be to:
Immediately resume CPR
After the AED has delivered a shock, the EMT should:
immediately resume CPR.
After the AED has delivered a shock, the EMT should:
4 to 6 minutes
After___ minutes without oxygen, permanent brain damage is possible
Ventolin
Albuterol is a generic name for
blood acidity is reduced by excessive breathing.
Alkalosis is a condition that occurs when:
Location of the call
All of the following are considered to be protected health information (PHI), except
Ischemic shock
All of the following should make you suspect shock except
2 seconds
In infants and children, a capillary refill time that is greater than ___ is a sign of poor peripheral perfusion
Oxygen and carbon dioxide must be able to freely diffuse across the alveolar capillary membrane
In order for efficient pulmonary gas exchange to occur:
Hydrostatic
___________ pressure is the pressure exerted by a liquid that occurs when blood moves through an artery at relatively high pressures.
Both femurs are fractured
A patient has bilateral femur fractures, this means that
Nephropathy; analgesic
A patient has kidney disease that is causing him severe pain. What condition does he have and what would be administered for his pain?
5 minutes
A patient in unstable condition should be reassessed at least every
On the back of the hand
A patient lacerated the dorsal aspect of his hand. This means that the injury is
Loss of vascular tone
A decrease in blood pressure may indicate:
severe twitching of all the body's muscles.
A generalized (tonic-clonic) seizure is characterized by:
Shortness of breath and/ or difficulty breathing
Dyspnea is MOST accurately defined as:
they often arrive at the scene before the ambulance and EMTs
EMRs such as firefighters, law enforcement officers, and park rangers are an integral part of the EMS system because
inquire about the possibility of pregnancy in private, if possible.
A 16-year-old female complains of vaginal bleeding and abdominal cramping that began several hours ago. During your assessment interview, you should:
Calcium
A persons bones will become brittle if he or she is deficient in
Medical director approval
As an EMT, you may be authorized to administer aspirin to a patient with chest pain based on
Gallbladder
Bile is produced by the liver and concentrated and stored in the
Circular muscular walls that regulate blood flow through the capillaries
Capillary sphincters are:
Increased preload
Cardiogenic shock may result from all of the following, EXCEPT:
Defines who is at risk for contact with blood and body fluids and which tasks pose a risk of exposure
Determination of exposure is an important component of an infection control plan because it
carefully perform the head tilt-chin lift maneuver
Several attempts to adequately open a trauma patient's airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver have been unsuccessful. You should
80%
You should attempt to maintain a chest compression fraction of at least
Throughly document the entire event
Your best protection against legal liability when a patient with decision making capacity refuses EMS care and transport is to
The vocal cords are located in
larynx
cardiac tamponade
Which of the following injuries would MOST likely cause obstructive shock
Maintain stabilization of the spine at all times
A critical aspect of the rapid extrication technique is to:
Heat
A by product of involuntary muscle contraction and relaxation is
Offer a workplace environment that reduces the risk of exposure
According to occupational safety and health (OSHA) regulations, an employer must
Tetanus/ diphtheria/ pertussis booster every 10 years
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), recommended immunizations and tests include a:
Insert a peripheral intravenous catheter
According to the National EMS Scope of Practice Model, an EMT would require special permission from the medical director and the state EMS office to
Assess for breathing and a pulse
After establishing that an adult patient is unresponsive you should
widespread dilation of the blood vessels causes blood to pool in the vascular beds.
Distributive shock occurs when
allow him time to think about the question and respond to it
During your assessment of a 20-year-old man with a severe headache and nausea, you ask him when his headache began, but he does not answer your question immediately. You should:
Hypothermia
In an acute injury setting, neurogenic shock is commonly accompanied by
Repeating the primary assessment
Reassessment of a patient with a medical complaint should begin by
Hypoperfusion to the cells of the body
Shock is the result of:
Occipital
Trauma to the ______ lobe of the brain would likely result in visual disturbances
The set of baseline vital signs taken at the scene
Typical components of an oral patient report include all of the following, EXCEPT:
Ureters
Urine is transported from the kidneys to the urinary bladder via the
transport the child to the hospital and reassure the mother en route.
You respond to a residence for a child who is having a seizure. Upon arrival at the scene, you enter the residence and find the mother holding her child, a 2-year-old male. The child is conscious and crying. According to the mother, the child had been running a high fever and then experienced a seizure that lasted approximately 3 minutes. You should:
At the upper part of the humerus
A proximal humoral fracture is one that is located
Accessory muscle use
A sign of respiratory distress seen in the neck is
4 to 6
After _____ minutes without oxygen, permanent brain damage is possible
Plasma
Hypovolemic shock caused by severe burns is the result of a loss of
The two processes that occur during respiration are:
inspiration and expiration
remove the airway and be prepared to suction her oropharynx.
A 19-year-old female is found unconscious by her roommate. Your primary assessment reveals that her breathing is inadequate. As you insert an oropharyngeal airway, she begins to gag violently. You should:
One EMT should update the family on the interventions that have been performed and how the patient has responded.
A team of EMTs and paramedics are attempting to resuscitate a man who is in cardiac arrest while his wife and son are present. Which of the following should occur during the resuscitation attempt?
advise the team leader that immediate transport is more important than splinting.
A team of EMTs is caring for a critically injured patient. The team leader advises the EMT that transport will not begin until the patient's closed forearm fracture is splinted. Utilizing the crew resource management model, the EMT should:
One EMT should update the family on the interventions that have been performed and how the patient has responded.
A team of emts and paramedics are attempting to resuscitate a man who is in cardiac arrest while his wife and son are present which of the following should occur during the resuscitation attempt
Distal
A woman amputated the tip of her finger. Which directional term should be used to describe her injury location
Deep and rapid
A young female is unconscious after intentionally ingesting a large amount of aspirin. You will MOST likely find her respirations:
binds to the substance and prevents absorption.
Activated charcoal is given to patients who have ingested certain substances because it:
somatic nervous system
Activities such as walking, talking, and writing are regulated by the
A group of symptoms that are caused by myocardial ischemia
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a term used to describe:
Toxic chemical inhalation
Acute pulmonary edema would MOST likely develop as the result of:
Ibuprofen
Advil, nuprin and Motrin are trade (brand) names for the generic medication
Reassess his or her blood pressure within 5 minutes to detect hypotension
After assisting your patient with prescribed nitroglycerin, you should:
Naloxone (Narcan) would reverse the effects of
Hydromorphone (Dilaudid)
There is not enough time in between contractions for the heart to refill completely
Cardiac output may decrease if the heart beats too rapidly because:
Heroin overdose
During your assessment of a 50-year-old male who was found unresponsive in an alley, you note that he has slow, shallow respirations; bradycardia; facial cyanosis; and pinpoint pupils. As your partner begins assisting the patient's ventilations, he directs your attention to the patient's arms, which have multiple needle tracks on them. Which of the following would MOST likely explain the patient's presentation?
are in violation of HIPAA because you did not remove the PHI from the PCR beforehand
During your monthly internal quality improvement (QI) meeting, you review several patient care reports (PCRs) with the staff of your EMS system. You identify the patient's name, age, and sex, and then discuss the treatment that was provided by the EMTs in the field. By taking this approach to the QI process, you
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA)
EMT training in nearly every state meets or exceeds the guidelines recommended by the
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
EMT training in nearly every state meets or exceeds the guidelines recommended by the:
A sudden adrenaline release can cause a fatal dysrhythmia.
EMTs are dispatched for a teenage male who is "not acting right." When they arrive, they are informed that the patient was huffing. Several cans of Freon are found near the patient. Which of the following is unique consideration for this patient?
Recent travel
In addition to obtaining a SAMPLE history and asking questions related to the chief complaint, what else should you inquire about when assessing a patient with a potentially infectious disease?
Cricoid
The __________ cartilage is a firm ring that forms the inferior part of the larynx.
Tunica media
The smooth muscles that cause the artery to contract are found in the
Carbon dioxide and water
The waste products of aerobic metabolism include
Clavicle, scapula and humerus
Three bones that make up the shoulder girdle
Things will get better in time
Which of the following statements would NOT be appropriate to say to the family of a dying patient?
placing her in an upright position
A 67-year-old female presents with difficulty breathing and chest discomfort that awakened her from her sleep. She states that she has congestive heart failure, has had two previous heart attacks, and has been prescribed nitroglycerin. She is conscious and alert with adequate breathing. Her blood pressure is 94/64 mm Hg and her heart rate is 120 beats/min. Treatment for this patient includes:
stop the ambulance, begin CPR, and attach the AED as soon as possible.
A 67-year-old female with severe chest pain becomes unresponsive, pulseless, and apneic during transport. You should:
subcutaneous emphysema
A crackling sound produced by air bubbles under the skin
BLS efforts must continue throughout the patient care continuum.
After assuming care of a cardiac arrest patient from an EMT, the paramedic should remember that
back is bent forward at the hips.
An EMT may injure his or her back, even if it is straight, if the
myocardial tissue dies secondary to an absence of oxygen.
An acute myocardial infarction (AMI) occurs when:
Obtain approval from medical control
Before giving activated charcoal, you should:
Hypertension
Common side effects of nitroglycerin include all of the following except
prolonged hospitalization, especially in an intensive care unit.
Factors that increase the risk for developing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) include:
Insert a nasal airway and ventilate with a bag- mask device
A 25 year old man overdosed on heroin and is unresponsive. His breathing is slow and shallow and he is bradycardic. He has track marks on both arms. The EMT should
Administer oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask
A 51-year-old female presents with a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. She is conscious and alert and able to speak in complete sentences. Her respirations are 22 breaths/min and regular. You should:
Tetra-
A newborn has four anatomic abnormalities of the heart. What prefix is used to describe this?
Tetra
A newborn has four autonomic abnormalities of the heart. What prefix is used to describe this
pressure waves through the arteries caused by cardiac contraction.
A palpable pulse is created by:
Ventricular contraction
A patient has a blood pressure of 130/70 mm Hg. The "130" in this measurement represents
Ventricular contraction
A patient has a blood pressure of 130/70 mm Hg. The "130" in this measurement represents:
Obstructive
A patient has a large accumulation of blood in the sac surrounding the heart. Which type of shock would this condition cause?
monitor her closely but recall that anxiety and tachycardia are side effects of epinephrine.
After administering 0.3 mg of epinephrine via auto-injector to a 22-year-old woman with an allergic reaction, you note improvement in her breathing and dissipation of her hives. However, she is still anxious and tachycardic. You should:
BLS efforts must continue throughout the patient care continuum.
After assuming care of a cardiac arrest patient from an EMT, the paramedic should remember that:
The general geographic location of the incident
After being dispatched on an emergency call, you should expect the dispatcher to provide you with all of the following information, EXCEPT:
Assess for breathing and a pulse
After establishing that an adult patient is unresponsive you should:
Your awareness and concern for potentially serious underlying and unseen injuries or illness
An index of suspicion is MOST accurately defined as:
Might not be obvious or present all the time
As an emt, it is important to remember that the signs and symptoms of cumulative stress
Absent peripheral pulses
Clinical signs of compensated shock include all of the following, EXCEPT:
Pain exacerbated by breathing
Common signs and symptoms of AMI include all of the following, EXCEPT:
Bounding pulse, a severe headache and dizziness
Common signs and symptoms of a hypertensive emergency include:
tachypnea and tingling in the extremities.
Common signs and symptoms of acute hyperventilation syndrome include:
has a greater ability to produce disease
Hepatitis B is more virulent than hepatitis C, which means that it:
can create delays in patient care.
Health care teams that infrequently train and work together
Might develop illness from germs that lie dormant from the initial infection.
If a person is partially immune to a particular disease, he or she
It was not performed according to the eyes of the law
If an action or procedure that was performed on a patient is not recorded on the written report,
clean the ambulance at your station in a designated area that is well ventilated
If it is not possible to adequately clean your ambulance at the hospital following a call you should
checking the radial pulse and noting the color, temperature, and condition of his or her skin
In addition to looking for severe bleeding, assessment of circulation in the conscious patient should involve:
seizures and cardiac dysrhythmias
In an apparent suicide attempt, a 19 year old female ingested a full bottle of amitriptyline (Elavil). At present, she is conscious and alert and states that she swallowed the pills appropriately 30 minutes earlier. Her blood pressure is 90/50 mm hg, her pulse is 140 beats/ min and irregular, and her respirations are 22 breaths/ min with adequate depth. When transporting this patient, you should be most alert for
can only be corrected in the hospital setting.
In contrast to hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia
is focused on the nature of illness, the patient's chief complaint, and his or her symptoms.
In contrast to the assessment of a trauma patient, assessment of a medical patient:
Is not a communicable disease
In contrast to viral hepatitis, toxin-induced hepatitis:
Absorb slowly into the body, despite their potency
In general, injected poisons are impossible to dilute or remove because they
Neurologic
It is especially important to assess pulse, sensation, and movement in all extremities as well as pupillary reactions in patients with a suspected ___________ problem.
substances in the stomach increase the risk of aspiration.
Patients with acute abdominal pain should not be given anything to eat or drink because:
fluid shifts from the bloodstream into body tissues
Peritonitis may result in shock because:
suctioning while withdrawing the catheter from the oropharynx.
Proper technique for suctioning the oropharynx of an adult patient includes:
0.3; 0.15
The adult epinephrine auto-injector delivers ______ mg of epinephrine, and the infant-child auto-injector delivers ______ mg.
The elimination of rescuer fatigue that results from manual compressions
The main benefit of using a mechanical device for chest compressions is:
The elimination of rescuer fatigue that results from manual compressions
The main benefit of using a mechanical piston for chest compressions is
Medical director
The person who is responsible for authorizing EMTs to perform emergency medical care in the field is the:
Receive blood from the vena cava
The primary function of the right atrium is to
Small intestine
The primary organ responsible for absorption of products of digestion is the
addresses the patient's symptoms more than the actual disease process.
The primary prehospital treatment for most medical emergencies:
The skin
To protect vital organs, the body compensates by directing blood flow away from organs that are more tolerant of low flow such as
Blood pressure may be the last measurable factor to change in shock
When assessing a patient with signs and symptoms of shock, it is important to remember that:
Age related changes in the cardiovascular system might make the patient less able to compensate for decreased perfusion
When assessing an 80 year old patient in shock, it is important to remember that
Negligence
When caring for a 65 year old male with respiratory distress, you place him in a comfortable position but do not apply oxygen. The patient's condition continues to deteriorate. He develops cardiac arrest and dies at the hospital. This scenario is an example of
Negligence
When caring for a 65 year old male with respiratory distress, you place him in a comfortable position but do not apply oxygen. The patient's condition continues to deteriorate: he develops cardiac arrest and dies at the hospital. This scenario is an example of
Begin resuscitation at once
When faced with a situation in which a patient is in cardiac arrest and a valid living will or DNR order cannot be located, you should
begin resuscitation at once.
When faced with a situation in which a patient is in cardiac arrest and a valid living will or DNR order cannot be located, you should:
Rapid
When palpating a patient's pulse, you note that there is a short interval between pulsations. This indicates that the pulse is
Posterior
When performing a rapid exam on a supine patient, what part of the body is typically assessed last?
Exercise reasonable care and act prudently
When performing his or her duties, the EMT is generally expected to
bruising behind the ear
When performing the secondary assessment on a trauma patient, you note the presence of Battle sign. This is defined as:
15" to 20"
When pulling a patient, you should extend your arms no more than _____ in front of your torso
before exiting the ambulance and before actual patient contact.
When should you take standard precautions during an EMS call?
Become smaller
When you shine a light into one pupil, the normal reaction of the other pupil should be to:
Warms and humidifies inhaled air
Which of the following is a function of the upper airway?
The paramedic administers a patient's flu vaccination
Which of the following is a specific example of the Mobile Integrated Healthcare (MIH) model?
The paramedic administers the patient administers a patients flu vaccine
Which of the following is a specific example of the Mobile Integrated Healthcare (MIH) model?
Dependent blood pooling
Which of the following is considered an obvious sign of death and would not require the initiation of CPR?
Place the tips of your index and long fingers over the pulse point
Which of the following is the MOST accurate guide to palpating a pulse?
Auscultation breath sounds with a stethoscope
Which of the following is the most effective method of assessing the quality of air movement in the lungs
Decompression of the injured side of his chest
Which of the following is the only action that can prevent death from a tension pneumothorax
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Which of the following medications blocks the release of histamines?
Ibuprofen
Which of the following medications would the EMT be least likely to administer to a patient with a medical complaint
Tidal volume is markedly reduced
Which of the following occurs when a patient's respirations are shallow
Kidney
Which of the following organs is NOT part of the digestive system
What seems to be the matter?
Which of the following questions is used to determine a patient's chief complaint?
Bleeding control using a tourniquet
Which of the following skills would a layperson MOST likely be trained to perform before arrival of EMS
Call 911 and then return to begin CPR on the child
You are an off duty at a park when you witness an apparently healthy 12 year old child suddenly collapse. There are no bystanders around, and your mobile phone is in your car. After confirming that the child is in cardiac arrest, you should
jugular vein distention
You are assessing a patient with respiratory distress and are unsure if the cause is congestive heart failure (CHF) or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Which of the following clinical signs would be the MOST helpful in determining whether the patient has CHF or COPD?
apply oxygen as needed, clean the area with soap and water or a mild antiseptic, and transport him to the hospital.
You are assessing a young male who was stung on the leg by a scorpion. He is conscious and alert, his breathing is regular and unlabored, and his blood pressure is 122/64 mm Hg. Assessment of his leg reveals a wheal surrounded by an area of redness. He states that he had a "bad reaction" the last time he was stung by a scorpion, and carries his own epinephrine auto-injector. You should:
Throughly suctioning her oropharynx
You are dispatched to a local nursery for a 39 year old female who is sick. When you arrive, you find the patient lying on the floor. She is semiconscious, has copious amounts of saliva coming from her mouth, and is incontinent of urine. You quickly feel her pulse and note that it is very slow. Immediate management for this patient should include
Acute pulmonary embolism
You are dispatched to a residence for a 67-year-old female who was awakened by shortness of breath and sharp chest pain. Her husband tells you that she was recently discharged from the hospital after having hip surgery. Your assessment reveals dried blood around her mouth, facial cyanosis, and an oxygen saturation of 88%. This patient's presentation is MOST consistent with
maintain her airway with manual head positioning, suction her airway to remove the vomitus, insert a nasopharyngeal airway, and administer high-flow oxygen.
You arrive at the residence of a 33-year-old woman who is experiencing a generalized (tonic-clonic) seizure. She has a small amount of vomitus draining from the side of her mouth. After protecting her from further injury, you should:
Transport the child immediately and have the parents meet you at the hospital
You arrive at the scene of a motor vehicle-versus-pedestrian accident. The patient, a 13-year-old male, is unconscious and has multiple injuries. As you are treating the child, a law enforcement officer advises you that the child's parents will be at the scene in approximately 15 minutes. What should you do?
Request permission from medical control to give another dose of epinephrine
You have administered one dose of epinephrine to a 40-year-old female to treat an allergic reaction that she developed after being stung by a scorpion. Your reassessment reveals that she is still having difficulty breathing, has a decreasing mental status, and has a blood pressure of 80/50 mm Hg. You should:
apply a tourniquet proximal to the wrist.
A 20-year-old male has a large laceration to his wrist. He is holding a blood-soaked towel over the wound, but it continues to bleed rapidly. You should:
Alternate oropharyngeal suctioning and ventilation with a bag mask device
A 23 year old male experienced severe head trauma after his motorcycle collided with an oncoming truck. He is unconscious, has agonal gasps, and has copious bloody secretions in his mouth. How should you manage his airway?
follow standard precautions
A 27-year-old male was stabbed in the chest during a disagreement at a poker game. As you approach him, you see that a knife is impaled in his chest. Before you make physical contact with the patient, it is MOST important to:
Contact the regional poison control center
A 3-year-old female ingested several leaves from a plant in the living room. The child's mother is not sure what type of plant it is, stating that she bought it simply because it was pretty. After completing your primary assessment of the child, you should:
Reassess the patient and document her response to the medication
A 31-year-old female is experiencing an acute asthma attack. She is conscious and alert, but in obvious respiratory distress. After assisting her with her prescribed MDI, you should:
encouraging him to cough and transporting.
A 37-year-old male has an apparent foreign body airway obstruction. He is conscious and alert and is coughing forcefully. His skin is pink, warm, and moist. The MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes:
Administer oxygen, transport at once, and request a paramedic intercept
A 37-year-old male is having a severe allergic reaction to penicillin. He does not have an epinephrine auto-injector and your protocols do not allow you to carry epinephrine on the ambulance. How should you proceed with the treatment of this patient?
Apply direct pressure to the wound
A 39-year-old male sustained a stab wound to the groin during an altercation at a bar. As you approach the patient, you note that he is conscious. He is screaming in pain and is attempting to control the bleeding, which is bright red and spurting from his groin area. You should:
Administer 15g of activated charcoal
A 4 year old, 15- kg male ingested an unknown quantity of acetaminophen (Tylenol). The child's mother stated that she does not know when the ingestion occurred. The child is conscious and alert and in no apparent distress. The EMT should
ask the father to hold the child so you can assess him while your partner tries to calm the mother
A 4-year-old boy had an apparent seizure. He is conscious and calm and is sitting on his mother's lap. His father is sitting in a nearby chair. The child's mother suddenly begins crying uncontrollably, which causes the child to start crying. You should:
open his airway with a jaw-thrust maneuver.
A 40-year-old male crashed his motorcycle into a tree. He is semiconscious, has snoring respirations, and has a laceration to the forearm with minimal bleeding. You should:
liver dysfunction
A 40-year-old male presents with pain to the right upper quadrant of his abdomen. He is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. During your assessment, you note that his skin and sclera are jaundiced. You should suspect:
A. Deliver the shock followed by immediate resumption of CPR.
A 40-year-old man is in cardiac arrest. Your partner is performing CPR. You are attaching the AED when the patient's wife tells you that he has an automatic implanted cardiac defibrillator (AICD). The AED advises that a shock is indicated. What should you do?
maintain his airway and assist his ventilations.
A 48-year-old male is found unconscious in the garden by his wife. When you arrive at the scene and assess the man, you find that he is unresponsive, has labored breathing, and has hives over his entire trunk. You should:
delirium tremens
A 49 year old male presents with confusion, sweating, and visual hallucinations. The patients wife tells you that he is a heavy drinker and that he might have had a seizure shortly before your arrival. This patient is most likely
Assess the adequacy of his respirations
A 49-year-old male presents with an acute onset of crushing chest pain and diaphoresis. You should:
ask him if he took his Viagra within the past 24 hours.
A 49-year-old male with an extensive cardiac history presents with 2 hours of crushing chest pain and shortness of breath. He is pale and diaphoretic and tells you that he feels like he is going to die. His medications include nitroglycerin, sildenafil (Viagra), and enalapril (Vasotec). His blood pressure is 140/90 mm Hg and his heart rate is 110 beats/min. In addition to administering supplemental oxygen if needed, you should:
prepare for immediate transport
A 50 year old male presents with an altered mental status. His wife tells you that he had a "small stroke" 3 years ago but has otherwise been in good health. The patient is responsive but unable to follow commands. After administering oxygen if needed, you should
Determine if the patient has a medical alert bracelet or wallet card
A 50-year-old male is found unconscious in his car. There were no witnesses to the event. When gathering medical history information for this patient, the EMT should:
record the time and dose of the injection and transport promptly.
A 50-year-old male was stung by a honeybee approximately 15 minutes ago. He presents with respiratory distress, facial swelling, and hypotension. After placing him on oxygen and administering his epinephrine via auto-injector, you note that his breathing has improved. Additionally, his facial swelling is resolving and his blood pressure is stable. Your next action should be to:
Extremity lift
A 56-year-old female is found supine in a narrow hallway of her mobile home. She complains of severe weakness and dizziness, and states that she is unable to walk. There is no evidence of trauma and the patient states that she did not fall. How should you and your partner move this patient to a more spacious area?
Asking his wife when she noticed the symptoms
A 58 year old male presents with confusion, right sided weakness and slurred speech. His airway is patent and his breathing is adequate. His wife is present and is very upset. Which of the following has the most immediately priority.
Do you have any heart problems or take any medications
A 60-year-old man complains of chest pain. He is conscious and alert and denies shortness of breath. Which of the following questions would be the MOST appropriate to ask him?
Do you have heart problems or take any medications
A 60-year-old man complains of chest pain. He is conscious and alert and denies shortness of breath. Which of the following questions would be the MOST appropriate to ask him?
assist him with his nitroglycerin unless his systolic blood pressure is less than 100 mm Hg.
A 62-year-old male is seen with crushing chest pain, which he describes as being the same kind of pain that he had with a previous heart attack. He has prescribed nitroglycerin but states that he has not taken any. After administering supplemental oxygen if needed and contacting medical control, you should:
A. administer oxygen, give her 324 mg of aspirin, and assess her further.
A 66-year-old female with a history of hypertension and diabetes presents with substernal chest pressure of 2 hours' duration. Her blood pressure is 140/90 mm Hg, her pulse is 100 beats/min and irregular, her respirations are 22 breaths/min, and her oxygen saturation is 92%. The patient does not have prescribed nitroglycerin, but her husband does. You should
Dissecting Aortic Aneurysm
A 66-year-old woman presents with a stabbing pain in the middle of her chest that radiates to her back. She tells you that the pain suddenly began about 30 minutes ago and has been severe since the onset. She has a history of hypertension, but admits to being noncompliant with her antihypertensive medications. When you assess her, you find that her blood pressure is significantly higher in her left arm than it is in her right arm. What do these signs and symptoms MOST likely indicate?
Septic shock
A 70 year old female was recently discharged from the hospital following a total hip replacement. Today she presents with restlessness, tachycardia, and a blood pressure of 90/64 mm he. Her skin is hot and moist. You should be most suspicious that she is experiencing
Septic shock
A 70 year old female was recently discharged from the hospital following a total hip replacement. Today, she presents with restlessness, tachycardia and a blood pressure of 90/64 mm hg. Her skin is hot and moist. You should be most suspicious that she is experiencing
Treat her for possible shock
A 71 year old female slipped on a rug and fell. She is conscious but confused and complains of severe pelvic pain. Her respirations are 22 breaths/ min and her heart rate is 120 beats/min. What should you do?
Recall that geriatric patients often take multiple medications and that interactions can occur with potentially negative effects
A 74 year old woman complains of heaviness in her chest, nausea and sweating that suddenly began about an hour ago. She is conscious and alert but anxious. Her blood pressure is 144/84 mm hg and her heart rate is 110 beats/ min. She took two of her prescribed nitroglycerin (0.4 mg) before your arrival but still feels heaviness in her chest, you should
Retreat and notify law enforcement personnel
A 75-year-old male with a terminal illness has died at home. As you and your partner enter the residence, a family member becomes verbally abusive, pushes you and states that you took too long to get there. You should:
draw a single horizontal line through the error, initial it, and write the correct data next to it.
After delivering your patient to the hospital, you sit down to complete the handwritten PCR. When documenting the patient's last blood pressure reading, you inadvertently write 120/60 instead of 130/70. To correct this mistake, you should:
Repeat the order to medical control word for word
After receiving online orders from medical control to perform a patient care intervention, you should
Leave her on her side and use blanket rolls to immobilize her to the long backboard
An 81-year-old female fell and struck her head. You find the patient lying on her left side. She is conscious and complains of neck and upper back pain. As you are assessing her, you note that she has a severely kyphotic spine. What is the MOST appropriate method of immobilizing this patient?
An aneurysm
An area of swelling or enlargement in a weakened arterial wall is
stop the move and request additional lifting assistance.
As you and your partner are carrying a stable patient down a flight of stairs in a stair chair, you feel a sudden, sharp pain in your lower back. You should:
be alert for personal hazards.
As you enter the residence of a patient who has possibly overdosed, you should:
Audible stridor
At the onset of an acute asthma attack, patients commonly experience difficulty breathing and
use the mobile radio in the ambulance to contact dispatch.
At the scene of a motor vehicle crash, you determine that there are two critically injured patients and that another ambulance is needed. You attempt to contact the dispatcher with your portable radio but are unsuccessful. You should:
mark off a danger zone around the downed lines.
At the scene of an automobile crash, a utility pole has been broken and power lines are lying across the car. The patients inside the car are conscious. You should
Carbon dioxide
One of the primary waste products of normal cellular metabolism that must be removed from the body by the lungs is
A mentally competent adult can withdraw his or her consent to treat at any time
Shortly after you load your patient, a 50-year-old man with abdominal pain, into the ambulance, he tells you that he changed his mind and does not want to go to the hospital. The patient is conscious and alert and has no signs of mental incapacitation. You are suspicious that the man has a significant underlying condition and feel strongly that he should go to the hospital. Which of the following statements regarding this situation is correct?
Forceful coughing
Signs of a sudden severe upper airway obstruction include all of the following, EXCEPT
Forceful coughing
Signs of a sudden severe upper airway obstruction include all of the following, EXCEPT:
Psychogenic shock
Temporary, widespread vasodilation and syncope caused by a sudden nervous system reaction MOST accurately describes:
Chronic stretching of the alveolar walls
The respiratory distress that accompanies emphysema is caused by
chronic stretching of the alveolar walls.
The respiratory distress that accompanies emphysema is caused by
Shrinkage of the brain
The risk of bleeding in the skull, which increases with age, is MOST directly related to
jugular vein distention
Which of the following assessment findings is most indicative of a cardiovascular problem
Blood glucose level
Which of the following assessments would be the MOST useful in determining the possible cause of a patient's altered mental status?
insert a nasopharyngeal airway and begin assisted ventilation.
You are dispatched to an apartment complex where a 21-year-old female has apparently overdosed on several narcotic medications. She is semiconscious and has slow, shallow respirations. You should:
proceed with treatment and utilize law enforcement if necessary.
You are treating a man who was assaulted and has a closed head injury. The patient, who has slurred speech, becomes verbally abusive and tells you to leave him alone
Obtain a description of how the seizure developed
You arrive at a grocery store shortly after a 35-year-old male stopped seizing. Your assessment reveals that he is confused and incontinent of urine. The patient's girlfriend tells you that he has a history of seizures and takes topiramate (Topamax). When obtaining further medical history from the girlfriend, it is MOST important to:
Monitor her airway and breathing status and assess her blood glucose level
You arrive at a local grocery store approximately 5 minutes after a 21-year-old female stopped seizing. She is confused and disoriented; she keeps asking you what happened and tells you that she is thirsty. Her brother, who witnessed the seizure, tells you that she takes valproate (Depakote) for her seizures, but has not taken it in a few days. He also tells you that she has diabetes. In addition to administering oxygen, you should:
assist her ventilations with a bag-mask device.
You receive a call for a 70 year old female with respiratory distress. Her husband tells you that she has congestive heart failure however he does not think that she has been taking her medications as prescribed. The patient is laboring to breathe, appears
applying a nonrebreathing mask at 15 L/min.
You respond to a movie theater for a 70-year-old male who is confused. His wife tells you he has type 2 diabetes but refuses to take his pills. Your assessment reveals that the patient is diaphoretic, tachycardic, and tachypneic. Initial management for this patient should include:
retreat at once and call law enforcement.
You respond to a residence for a patient who is "not acting right." As you approach the door, the patient, a 35-year-old male, begins shouting profanities at you and your partner while holding a baseball bat. The man is confused and diaphoretic, and is wearing a medical identification bracelet. You should:
remove the medication patch, wipe away any medication residue, and apply the AED pads
Your partner is performing one-rescuer CPR on a middle-aged woman in cardiac arrest. When you apply the AED pads, you note that she has a medication patch over the same area where one of the AED pads will be placed. You should
