EMT Ch 30 Environment FRTG

Hypothermia occurs when the core body temperature falls below: A. 98°F (37°C). B. 95°F (35°C). C. 90°F (32°C). D. 88°F (31°C).

B. 95°F (35°C).

Burns associated with lightning strikes are typically: A. partial-thickness. B. full-thickness. C. superficial. D. third-degree.

C. superficial

A 30-year-old male was rescued after being lost in the woods for approximately 18 hours. The outside temperature is 30°F (-1°C). He is immediately placed in the warmed ambulance, where you perform a primary assessment. He is unconscious, pale, and apneic. You should:

assess for a carotid pulse for up to 45 seconds.

The venom of a brown recluse spider is cytotoxic, meaning that it:

causes severe local tissue damage.

When the body loses sweat, it also loses:

electrolytes.

Covering a patient's _________ will significantly minimize radiation heat loss.

head

The body's natural protective mechanisms against heat loss are:

vasoconstriction and shivering.

A person's ability to shiver is lost when his or her body temperature falls below:

90°F (32°C).

When a warm hand is immersed in water that is 70°F (21°C), heat is transferred from the hand to the water through a process called: A. conduction. B. radiation. C. convection. D. evaporation.

A. conduction.

The two MOST efficient ways for the body to eliminate excess heat are: A. sweating and dilation of skin blood vessels. B. perspiration and tachycardia. C. hyperventilation and tachycardia. D. respiration and bradycardia.

A. sweating and dilation of skin blood vessels.

Breath-holding syncope is caused by a decreased stimulus to breathe and occurs when: A. a swimmer hyperventilates prior to entering the water. B. a diver holds his or her breath during a staged ascent. C. a swimmer breathes shallowly before entering the water. D. a diver holds his or her breath for a long period of time.

A. swimmer hyperventilates before entering water

You are dispatched to a local high school track and field event for a 16-year-old male who fainted. The outside temperature is approximately 95°F (35°C) with high humidity. Upon your arrival, the patient is conscious, alert, and complains of nausea and a headache. His skin is cool, clammy, and pale. You should A. administer 100% supplemental oxygen. B. move him into the cooled ambulance. C. give him a liquid salt solution to drink. D. apply chemical ice packs to his axillae.

B. move him into the cooled ambulance.

Signs and symptoms of an air embolism include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. dysphasia. B. pale skin. C. dizziness. D. joint pain.

B. pale skin

A patient with a core body temperature of 95°F (35°C) will MOST likely experience: A. a slow pulse. B. rapid breathing. C. muscle stiffness. D. loss of consciousness.

B. rapid breathing.

You are assessing a 33-year-old male who complains of severe abdominal pain, weakness, and nausea. He tells you that he was gathering wood to build a fire when he felt a sudden, sharp pain on the back of his hand. Your assessment reveals that the patient's abdomen is rigid and painful to palpation. You should suspect: A. envenomation from a pit viper. B. Rocky Mountain spotted fever. C. a black widow spider bite. D. a brown recluse spider bite.

C. Black widow bite

Which of the following statements regarding drowning is correct? A. Large amounts of water enter the lungs in a small number of drowning victims. B. Artificial ventilations can easily be performed in patients with a laryngospasm. C. Laryngospasm following submersion in water makes rescue breathing difficult. D. Hypoxia in the drowning victim initially occurs due to water in the lungs.

C. Laryngospasm following submersion in water makes rescue breathing difficult.

You respond to a local lake where a diver complains of difficulty breathing that occurred immediately after rapidly ascending from a depth of approximately 30′. On assessment, you note that he has cyanosis around his lips and has pink froth coming from his nose and mouth. You should: A. position him supine with his head elevated 30°, suction his mouth and nose, hyperventilate him with a bag-mask device, and contact medical control for further guidance. B. place him in a semi-sitting position, suction his mouth and nose, apply a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) device, and transport to the closest emergency department. C. suction his mouth and nose, apply high-flow oxygen, position him on his left side with his head down, and contact medical control regarding transport to a recompression facility. D. suction his mouth and nose, keep him supine and elevate his legs to prevent air bubbles from entering his brain, administer high-flow oxygen, and transport to a hyperbaric chamber.

C. suction his mouth and nose, apply high-flow oxygen, position him on his left side with his head down, and contact medical control regarding transport to a recompression facility.

An air embolism associated with diving occurs when: A. the alveoli completely collapse due to high pressure. B. high water pressure forces air into the mediastinum. C. the diver holds his or her breath during a rapid ascent. D. the diver hyperventilates prior to entering the water.

C. the diver holds his or her breath during a rapid ascent.

Heat loss from the body through respiration occurs when: A. air temperature is greater than body temperature. B. cool air is inhaled and displaces warm air. C. warm air is exhaled into the atmosphere. D. the core body temperature is greater than 98°F (37°C).

C. warm air is exhaled into the atmosphere.

Signs of late heatstroke include: A. nausea and vomiting. B. hot, moist skin. C. a change in behavior. D. a weak, rapid pulse.

D. a weak, rapid pulse.

Shivering is a mechanism in which the body generates heat by: A. decreasing the use of oxygen. B. decreasing the metabolic rate. C. retaining excess carbon dioxide. D. increasing the metabolic rate.

D. increasing the metabolic rate

A frostbitten foot can be identified by the presence of: A. soft, smooth skin. B. gross deformity. C. blanching of the skin. D. mottling and blisters.

D. mottling and blisters.

Which of the following would be the LEAST likely to occur in a patient with a core body temperature of between 89°F (32°C) and 92°F (33°C)? A. bradypnea B. confusion C. stiff muscles D. tachycardia

D. tachycardia

You are dispatched to a residence for a young female who is sick. The patient complains of a rash to her lower extremities and truncal area. Your assessment reveals a small, painful blister on her inner thigh. As your partner is taking the patient's vital signs, she states that she and her family returned from a camping trip two days ago. What do you suspect this patient has?

Lyme disease.

To assess a patient's general temperature, pull back on your glove and place the back of your hand on his or her skin at the:

abdomen.

The MOST prominent symptom of decompression sickness is:

abdominal or joint pain.

You receive a call to a residence for a sick patient. Upon your arrival, you find the patient, a 53-year-old diabetic male, lying down on his front porch. His wife tells you that he had been mowing the lawn in the heat for the past 3 hours. The patient is confused and has hot, moist skin. His pulse is weak and thready, and his blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg. In addition to administering 100% oxygen, should you cool the patient rapidly or passively?

begin rapid cooling interventions (plus, load him into the ambulance)

Hypothermia can worsen internal bleeding secondary to: A. severe muscular rigidity. B. cardiac arrhythmias. C. blood clotting abnormalities. D. a decreased heart rate.

blood clotting abnormalities.

The diving reflex may allow a person to survive extended periods of submersion in cold water secondary to:

bradycardia and a slowing of the metabolic rate.

Geriatric patients are at a higher risk for heatstroke because

circulation to the skin is reduced.

The transfer of heat to circulating air, such as when cool air moves across the body's surface, is called

convection

Which of the following medications increases a person's risk of a heat-related emergency?

diuretics

An online practice quiz

http://fcfra.camp9.org/Resources/Documents/Training/EMS%20LT/exam1.html

_________ would be the unlikely to increase a person's risk of hypothermia

hyperglycemia

You and your partner are standing by at a large social event at a river resort when a frantic woman tells you that she found a young male floating face-down in the water. Nobody claims to have witnessed the event. After you and your partner enter the water and reach the patient, you should:

move him as a unit to a supine position.

The venom of a black widow is a ___________

neurotoxin

Your assessment of a 23-year-old female reveals a core body temperature of 93.4°F (34°C). She is conscious, answers your questions appropriately, is shivering, and complains of nausea. Her skin is cold and pale, her muscles appear rigid, and her respirations are rapid. In addition to monitoring her ABCs, administering oxygen, and turning up the heat in the back of the ambulance, you should:

place heat packs to her groin, axillae, and behind her neck; cover her with warm blankets; and avoid rough handling.

The EMT must assume that any unwitnessed water-related incident is accompanied by:

possible spinal injury.

While drinking beer with his friends near a creek, a 31-year-old male was bitten on the leg by an unidentified snake. The patient is conscious and alert and in no apparent distress. Your assessment of his leg reveals two small puncture marks with minimal pain and swelling. In addition to administering oxygen and providing reassurance, further care for this patient should include:

supine positioning, splinting the leg, and transporting.

Heatstroke occurs when

the body's heat-eliminating mechanisms are overwhelmed.

Rough handling of a hypothermic patient with a pulse may cause:

ventricular fibrillation.