EMT Ch_25 Trauma Overview

Which of the following injuries would MOST likely occur as a direct result of the third collision in a motor vehicle crash? a. aortic rupture b. extremity fractures c. flail chest d. forehead lacerations

a. aortic rupture (pg. 905)

In contrast to a Level III trauma center, a Level I trauma center must: a. have general surgeons in-house 24 hours a day b. able to stabilize patients before transferring to a higher level facility c. have access to an emergency physician within 30 minutes d. be involved in trauma prevention programs

a. have general surgeons in-house 24 hours a day

Approximately 25% of severe injuries to the aorta occur during: a. lateral collisions b. rollover collisions c. frontal collisions d. rear-end collisions

a. lateral collisions (pg. 910)

While en route to a major motor vehicle crash, an on-scene police officer advises you that a 6-year-old male who was riding in the front seat is involved. He further states that the child was only wearing a lap belt and that the air bag deployed. On the basis of this information, you should be MOST suspicious that the child has experienced: a. neck and facial injuries b. open abdominal trauma c. blunt trauma to the head d. lower extremity fractures

a. neck and facial injuries

When assessing an elderly patient who fell, it is important to remember that: a. osteoporosis can cause fractures as a result of a fall from a standing position b. elderly patients who fall usually have a secondary head injury c. bilateral hip fractures usually occur when an elderly person falls d. any fall in the elderly is considered to be high-energy trauma

a. osteoporosis can cause fractures as a result of a fall from a standing position (pg. 913)

When a motor vehicle strikes a tree while traveling at 40 mph, the unrestrained occupant: a. remains in motion until acted upon by an external force b. is thrust under the steering column onto the floorboard c. will decelerate at the same rate as the motor vehicle d. will most likely e thrown over the steering column

a. remains in motion until acted upon by an external force (pg. 903)

When caring for an occupant inside a motor vehicle equipped with an airbag that did not deploy upon impact, you should: a. remember that it could still deploy and seriously injure you b. recognize that the force of the impact was most likely not severe c. suspect that the patient may have experienced serious injuries d. realize that the airbag malfunctioned at the time of the impact

a. remember that it could still deploy and seriously injure you (pg. 908)

Internal injuries caused by gunshot wounds are difficult to predict because: a. the bullet may tumble or ricochet within the body b. exit wounds caused by the bullet are usually small c. the area of damage is usually smaller than the bullet d. the caliber of the bullet is frequently unknown

a. the bullet may tumble or ricochet within the body (pg. 914)

Which of the following statements regarding gunshot wounds is correct? a. the speed of a bullet has the greatest impact on injury produced b. low-velocity bullets will cause the greatest amounts of trauma c. the size of a bullet has the greatest impact on injury produced d. high-velocity bullets will cause less severe internal injuries

a. the speed of a bullet has the greatest impact on injury produced (pg. 915)

Factors that should be considered when assessing a patient who has fallen include all of the following, EXCEPT: a. the speed of the fall b. the surface struck c. the height of the fall d. the primary impact point

a. the speed of the fall

Passengers who are seated in the rear of a vehicle and are wearing only lap belts have a higher incidence of injuries to the ______________ spine during a rear-end : a. thoracic and lumbar spine b. lumbar and coccygeal spine c. thoracic and sacral spine d. lumbar and sacral spine

a. thoracic and lumbar spine (pg. 909)

The driver of a sport utility vehicle lost control and struck a utility pole head-on. The driver was killed instantly. The passenger, a young female, is conscious and alert and has several small abrasions and lacerations to her left forearm. Treatment for the passenger should include: a. transport to a trauma center b. a focused exam of her forearm c. transport to a community hospital d. a secondary assessment at the scene

a. transport to a trauma center

Signs of a pulmonary blast injury include: a. vomiting blood b. coughing up blood c. multiple rib fractures d. an irregular pulse

b. coughing up blood (pg. 918)

Which of the following findings would be LEAST suggestive of the presence of high-energy trauma? a. dismounted seats b. deployment of the airbag c. steering wheel collapse d. intrusion into the vehicle

b. deployment of the airbag

If a person is standing near a building that explodes, which of the following injuries would he or she MOST likely experience as a result of the pressure wave? a. severe burns b. eardrum rupture c. fractured bones d. impaled objects

b. eardrum rupture (pg. 915)

A 12-year-old male jumped approximately 12 feet from a tree and landed on his feet. He complains of pain to his lower back. What injury mechanism is MOST likely responsible for his back pain? a. lateral impact to the spine b. energy transmission to the spine c. secondary fall after the initial impact d. direct trauma to the spinal column

b. energy transmission to the spine

Two of the MOST common mechanism of injury for blunt trauma are: a. low-caliber gunshot wounds and falls b. falls and motor vehicle collisions c. gunshot wounds and vehicle ejections d. motor vehicle collisions and stabbings

b. falls and motor vehicle collisions

A 40-year-old unrestrained female impacted the steering wheel of her vehicle with her chest when she hit a tree while traveling at 45 mph. She is conscious and alert, but is experiencing significant chest pain and shortness of breath. Which of the following injuries is the LEAST likely? a. multiple rib fracture b. head injury c. cardiac contusion d. pulmonary contusion

b. head injury

The cervical spine is MOST protected from whiplash-type injuries when the: a. patient tenses up at the time of impact b. headrest is appropriately positioned c. airbag correctly deploys upon impact d. rear end of the vehicle is initially struck

b. headrest is appropriately positioned (pg. 908)

Following a blunt injury to the head, a 22-year-old female is confused and complains of a severe headache and nausea. On the basis of these signs and symptoms, you should be MOST concerned with the possibility of: a. a fracture of the skull b. intercranial bleeding c. airway compromise d. spinal cord injury

b. intercranial bleeding

A 30-year-old male sustained a stab wound to the neck when he was attacked outside a nightclub. During your assessment, you should be MOST alert for: a. alterations in his mental health b. potential airway compromise c. damage to internal structures d. injury to the cervical spine

b. potential airway compromise

What types of motor vehicle collisions present the greatest potential for multiple impacts? a. frontal and rotational b. rotational and rollover c. rear-end and rotational d. lateral and rollover

b. rotational and rollover (pg. 911)

Which of the following statements regarding low-energy penetrating injuries is correct? a. internal injuries caused by low-velocity bullets are usually easy to predict b. the area of injury is usually close to the path the object took through the body c. exit wounds are typically easy to locate with low-energy penetrating injuries d. it is usually easy to differentiate between an entrance wound and an exit wound

b. the area of injury is usually close to the path the object took through the body

You should consider air medical transport of a trauma patient if: a. he or she was involved in a motor vehicle crash in which another occupant in the same vehicle was killed, even if your patient's injuries are minor b. traffic conditions hamper the ability to get the patient to a trauma center by ground within the ideal frame for the best clinical outcome c. ground transport will take your ambulance out of service for an extended period of time, regardless of the severity of the patient's injuries d. the patient requires advanced life support care and stabilization, and the nearest ALS-ground ambulance is more than 5 to 10 minutes away

b. traffic conditions hamper the ability to get the patient to a trauma center by ground within the ideal frame for the best clinical outcome (pg. 926)

During your assessment of a patient who experienced a blast injury, you note that he has a depressed area to the front of his skull. This injury MOST likely occurred: a. as a direct result of the pressure wave b. when the patient was hurled against a stationary object c. by inhaling toxic gases d. as a result of flying debris

b. when the patient was hurled against a stationary object

During your assessment of a patient with a head injury, you note that he opens his eyes when you pinch his trapezius muscle, is mumbling, and has his arms curled in toward his chest. You should assign him a GCS score of: a. 8 b. 9 c. 7 d. 10

c. 7

When evaluating the mechanism of injury of a car versus pedestrian collision, you should first: a. evaluate the vehicle that struck the patient for structural damage b. determine if the patient has propelled away from the vehicle c. approximate the speed of he vehicle that struck the pedestrian d. determine if the patient was struck and pulled under the vehicle

c. approximate the speed of he vehicle that struck the pedestrian (pg. 911)

While assessing a young male who was struck in the chest with a steel pipe, you note that his pulse is rapid and irregular. You should be MOST suspicious for: a. a lacerated coronary artery b. traumatic rupture of the aorta c. bruising of the heart muscle d. underlying cardiac disease

c. bruising of the heart muscle

Which of the following is NOT one of the three types of collisions is a typical impact in a motor vehicular crash? a. collision of a car against another car, a tree, or another object b. collision of the internal organs against the body's solid structures c. collision of two passengers bodies within the same vehicle d. collision of the passenger against the interior of he car

c. collision of two passengers bodies within the same vehicle

A small compact car was involved in a rollover crash. As your are approaching the vehicle, you note that the roof is significantly collapsed. The patient, a 29-year-old, is complaining of severe pain in his neck and to the top of his head as well as numbness and tingling in his extremities. Witnesses who removed the patient from the vehicle state that he was wearing a seatbelt. What injury mechanism is MOST likely responsible for this patient's condition? a. whiplash injury to the neck during the rollover b. lateral bleeding of the neck during the crash c. compression of the head against the roof d. impact of the head against the steering wheel

c. compression of the head against the roof

Airbags are designed to: a. prevent the driver from sustaining a head trauma b. prevent a second collision inside the car c. decrease the severity of deceleration injuries d. be used with or without a shoulder harness

c. decrease the severity of deceleration injuries (pg. 907)

When a driver is in a car equipped with an air bag, but is not wearing a seatbelt, he or she will MOST likely strike the __________ when the air bag deploys upon impact. a. dashboard b. steering wheel c. door d. windshield

c. door

Evaluation of the interior of a crashed motor vehicle during extrication will allow the EMT to: a. asses the severity of the third collision of the crash b. recognize if the driver hit the brakes before impact c. identify contact points and predict potential injuries d. determine the vehicle's speed at the time of impact

c. identify contact points and predict potential injuries (pg. 908)

A driver involved in a rollover motor vehicle crash will MOST likely experience serious injuries or death if he or she: a. is wearing only a lap belt b. remains within the vehicle c. is ejected or partially ejected d. experiences multiple impacts

c. is ejected or partially ejected (pg. 906)

When assessing the interior of a crashed motor vehicle for damage you are gathering information regarding the: a. kinetic energy b. index of suspicion c. mechanism of injury d. potential energy

c. mechanism of injury

By what mechanism is a person injured when he or she falls from a significant height? a. kinetic energy is converted to potential energy; the potential energy is then converted into the work bringing the body to a stop b. potential energy is created as the person is falling; the potential energy is then converted into kinetic energy upon impact c. potential energy is converted into kinetic energy; the kinetic energy is then converted into the work of bringing the body to a stop d. as the person falls, the amount of kinetic energy is converted into work; work is then converted to kinetic energy upon impact

c. potential energy is converted into kinetic energy; the kinetic energy is then converted into the work of bringing the body to a stop

Which of the following interventions is the MOST critical to the outcome of a patient with multisystem trauma? a. early administration of oxygen b. intravenous fluid administration c. rapid transport to a trauma center d. elevation of the lower extremities

c. rapid transport to a trauma center (pg. 919)

A young male sustained a gunshot wound to the abdomen during an altercation. As your partner is assessing and managing his airway, you should control the obvious bleeding and then: a. auscultate bowel sounds b. apply a cervical collar c. obtain baseline vital signs d. assess for an exit wound

d. assess for an exit wound

The phenomenon of pressure waves emanating from the bullet, causing damage remote from its path, is known as: a. conversion b. capitation c. congruent d. cavitation

d. cavitation

The energy of a moving object is called: a. converted energy b. latent energy c. potential energy d. kinetic energy

d. kinetic energy (pg. 902)

When assessing a patient who experienced a blast injury, it is important to remember that: a. solid organs usually rupture from the pressure wave b. primary blast injuries are typically the most obvious c. secondary blast injuries are usually the least obvious d. primary blast injuries are the most easily overlooked

d. primary blast injuries are the most easily overlooked (pg. 917)

If one or more occupants in the same vehicle are killed in a crash, the EMT should: a. allow the survivors to refuse transport if they have no obvious injuries b. rapidly assess only the survivors who have experienced obvious trauma c. transport the survivors only if they have injuries or complain of pain d. suspect that all living occupants experienced the same serious trauma

d. suspect that all living occupants experienced the same serious trauma (pg. 906)

The index of suspicion is MOST accurately defined as: a. the detection of less obvious life-threatening injuries b. a predictable pattern that leads to serious injuries c. the way in which traumatic injuries occur d. your awareness and concern for potentially serious underlying injuries

d. your awareness and concern for potentially serious underlying injuries