EMT Chapter 27 Face and Neck Injuries

Abnormal variations in pupil size and reaction would MOST likely be observed in a patient with:

A brain injury

A hematoma is:

A collection of blood within the tissues

When subcutaneous emphysema is found, what substance has accumulated under the skin?

Air

When caring for a patient with facial trauma, the EMT should be MOST concerned with: Spinal trauma Airway compromise Associated eye injuries Severe external bleeding

Airway compromise (airway comes first; NO AIRWAY, NO PATIENT)

What is the function of he sternocleidomastoid muscle?

Allows movement of the head

You are dispatched to a convenience store where the clerk sustained a laceration to the side of his neck during a robbery attempt. During your assessment, you note bright red blood spurting from the laceration. You should:

Apply direct pressure above and below the wound

A young female was involved in a motor vehicle crash. She complains of pain to her left eye, which appears to have a piece of glass impaled in it. Further assessment reveals a large laceration to her left forearm with active venous bleeding. As your partner manually stabilizes the patient's head, you should:

Apply direct pressure to her arm wound

Which of the following mechanisms of injury would MOST likely cause a crushing injury n the larynx and/or trachea? Attempted suicide by hanging Gunshot wound to the lateral neck Car crash involving lateral impact Patient whose head hits the windshield

Attempted suicide by hanging

Which of the following fracture is associated with bruising around the ears and blood coming from the nose?

Basilar skull fracture

The term "hyphema" is defined as: A. an acute rupture of the globe of the eye. B. inflammation of the iris, cornea, and lens. C. compression of one or both optic nerves. D. blood in the anterior chamber of the eye.

Blood in the anterior chamber of the eye

Which of the following findings would be LEAST suggestive of a head injury?

Briskly constricting pupils when exposed to light

A 50-year-old male was splashed in the eyes with radiator fluid when he was working on his car. During your assessment, he tells you that he wears soft contact lenses. You should:

Carefully remove the contact lenses and then irrigate his eyes with saline

hen a person is looking at an object up close, the pupils should:

Constrict The pupils, which allow light to move to the back of the eye, constrict in bright light and dilate in dim light. The pupils should also constrict when looking at an object up close and dilate when looking at an object far away; this is called pupillary accommodation.

The presence of subcutaneous emphysema following trauma to the face and throat is MOST suggestive of:

Crushing tracheal injury

The purpose of the eustachian tube is to:

Equalize pressure in the middle ear when external pressure changes

The globe of the eye is called the:

Eyeball The lens, which sits behind the iris, focuses images on the retina- the light-sensitive area at the back of the globe. The globe is located within a bony socket in the skull called the orbit.

The maxilla and zygoma are components of the ________.

Face

The skin and underlying tissues of the face:

Have a rich blood supply and bleed profusely

A 22-year-old male was walking in the beach and had sand blown into his eyes. He complains of pain and decreased vision to his right eye. Treatment should include:

Irrigating the right eye laterally

Which of the following statements regarding the "Adam's apple" is FALSE? It is inferior to the cricoid cartilage It is formed by the thyroid cartilage It is the uppermost part of the larynx It is more prominent in men than women

It is inferior to the cricoid cartilage It is the uppermost part of the larynx, formed by the thyroid cartilage. The other portion of the larynx is the cricoid cartilage, a firm ridge that is inferior to the thyroid cartilage

The conjunctiva are kept moist by fluid produced by the:

Lacrimal glands

Following direct trauma to the upper part of the anterior neck, a young male presents with labored breathing, loss of voice, and subcutaneous emphysema in the soft tissues around his neck. You should suspect a(n):

Laryngeal fracture

A 29-year-old male has an anterior nosebleed after he was accidentally elbowed in the nose. He is conscious and alert with adequate breathing. The MOST appropriate care for this patient includes:

Leaning him forward and pinching his nostrils together

What is the most common type of facial fracture?

Nasal

Facial injuries should be identified and treated as soon as possible because:

Of the risk of airway problems

A 4-year-old male sustained a laceration of his left ear during a minor car accident. Your assessment reveals minimal bleeding. Appropriate care for this injury includes:

Padding between the ear and the scalp

A 21-year-old male has a large laceration to his neck. When you assess him, you note that bright red blood is spurting from the left side of his neck. You should immediately:

Place your gloved hand over the wound Evidence of lacerated carotid artery. Cover the wound with your gloved hand initially and then apply a bulky pressure dressing. After the bleeding has been controlled, apply high-flow oxygen and transport promptly

When caring for a chemical burn to the eye, the EMT should:

Prevent contamination of the opposite eye When irrigating a chemical burn to the eye, it is important to direct the stream away from the uninjured eye. After irrigating the eye for an appropriate amount of time, cover BOTH eyes with a sterile dressing.

The opening in the center of the iris, which allows light to move to the back of the eye, is called the:

Pupil

Which of the following signs is LEAST indicative of a head injury? Asymmetrical pupils Pupillary constriction to bright light Both eyes moving in opposite directions Inability to look upward when instructed to

Pupillary constriction to bright light

Frequent reassessments of the patient with face or neck injuries are MOST important because:

Such injuries can affect the respiratory system

The small, rounded, fleshy bulge immediately anterior to the ear canal is called the:

Tragus

You are transporting an immobilized patient with severe facial trauma. As you are preparing to give your radio report to the hospital, the patient begins vomiting large amounts of blood. You should:

Turn the backboard onto its sifde