EMT chapter 6 the human body quiz

Negative-pressure breathing involves:

a drop in pressure within the chest cavity.

As the bronchus divides into smaller bronchioles, the terminal ends of these smaller passages form the:

alveoli.

The major artery that supplies all other arteries with blood is the:

aorta.

The central nervous system is composed of the:

brain and spinal cord.

The most distal four spinal vertebrae, which are fused together, form the:

coccyx.

The descending aorta branches into the:

common iliac arteries.

Stimulation of alpha-adrenergic receptors results in:

constriction of the blood vessels.

Dead space is the portion of the respiratory system that:

contains no alveoli and does not participate in gas exchange.

The ____________ is a muscular dome that forms the inferior boundary of the thorax, separating the thorax from the abdomen.

diaphragm

The phase of the cardiac cycle in which the ventricles fill with blood is called:

diastole.

Oxygen and carbon dioxide pass across the alveolar membrane in the lungs through a process called:

diffusion.

Bile is produced by the liver and concentrated and stored in the:

gallbladder.

The bony prominence on the lateral/superior aspect of the thigh is called the:

greater trochanter.

A by-product of involuntary muscle contraction and relaxation is:

heat.

The elbow is an example of a ____________ joint.

hinge

The body's backup system of respiratory control, which is based on low concentrations of oxygen in the blood, is called the:

hypoxic drive.

The pelvic bones are formed by the fusion of the:

ilium, ischium, and pubis.

Breathing occurs as the result of a(n):

increase in carbon dioxide, which decreases the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid.

If a patient's chest barely moves during inhalation, even if the patient's respiratory rate is normal, you should suspect that:

minute volume is decreased.

The muscle tissue of the heart is called the:

myocardium.

Trauma to the __________ lobe of the brain would likely result in visual disturbances.

occipital

The ___________ is made up of the maxilla and zygoma, as well as the frontal bone of the cranium.

orbit

The exocrine gland of the pancreas secretes:

pancreatic juice.

Anterior to the knee is a specialized bone called the:

patella.

The circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells' current needs is called:

perfusion.

The bones that constitute the fingers and toes are called:

phalanges.

Capillary sphincter closure during internal or external bleeding is detrimental because:

waste products are not removed and nutrients are not delivered to the cells.

The smooth muscles that cause the artery to contract are found in the:

tunica media.

Urine is transported from the kidneys to the urinary bladder via the:

ureters.

In an otherwise healthy adult, blood loss would cause:

vascular constriction and tachycardia.

A patient has a blood pressure of 130/70 mm Hg. The "130" in this measurement represents:

ventricular contraction.

At rest, the normal adult heart rate should not exceed:

100 beats/min.

The average adult has approximately ___________ of blood in his or her vascular system.

6 L

During each heartbeat, ___________ of blood is ejected from the adult heart, an amount called the stroke volume.

70 to 80 mL

All critical life functions are coordinated in which part of the brain?

Brain stem

___________ pressure is the pressure exerted by a liquid that occurs when blood moves through an artery at relatively high pressures.

Hydrostatic

A patient has a large accumulation of blood in the sac surrounding the heart. Which type of shock would this condition cause?

Obstructive

What is the function of the fallopian tubes?

To transport a mature egg to the uterus

Which of the following statements regarding agonal respirations is correct?

Agonal respirations are ineffective and need to be assisted.

Which of the following statements regarding nervous system control of the cardiovascular system is correct?

Baroreceptors located throughout the body provide information to the brain regarding the blood pressure.

Which part of the central nervous system is responsible for coordinating bodily movements such as writing or sewing?

Cerebellum

Which of the following systems is responsible for releasing hormones that regulate body activities?

Endocrine

Which of the following are central pulses?

Femoral and carotid

Together, the right and left lungs contain how many lobes?

Five

What is the function of platelets?

Initial formation of a blood clot.

Which of the following is NOT true of the lymphatic system?

Its vessels closely parallel the major arteries in the body.

Which of the following organs is NOT part of the digestive system?

Kidney

Which of the following organs or structures lies within the retroperitoneal space?

Kidneys

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin?

Metabolic coordination

Which of the following glands regulates the function of all other endocrine glands in the body?

Pituitary

Which of the following statements regarding plasma is correct?

Plasma transports the blood cells and nutrients.

Which of the following is MOST characteristic of adequate breathing in an adult?

Respirations of 20 breaths/min and bilateral chest movement

Which of the following signs of respiratory distress is typically unique to infants and children?

Seesaw respirations

Which set of nerves is responsible for carrying information from the body to the central nervous system?

Sensory

Which of the following structures does NOT contain smooth muscle?

Skeletal system

Which organ lies in the lateral and posterior portion of the left upper quadrant of the abdomen?

Spleen

Which layer of the skin is composed of fatty tissue and serves as an insulator for the body?

Subcutaneous

What happens when blood volume is lost from the body?

The arteries contract to increase the blood pressure.

Which of the following statements regarding the heart is correct?

The heart is under the control of the autonomic nervous system.

Which of the following statements regarding the medulla oblongata is correct?

The medulla is sensitive to pH changes and sends messages via the phrenic nerve to contract the diaphragm.

Twelve pairs of ribs attach to which section of the spinal column?

Thoracic

Signs of adequate breathing in the adult include all of the following, EXCEPT:

a reduction in tidal volume.

Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system would result in:

a slower heart rate.

The femoral head forms a ball-and-socket joint with the:

acetabulum.

Both areas of the pons are used to:

augment respirations during emotional or physical stress.

The exchange of oxygen and nutrients for waste products of metabolism occurs at the cellular level in the:

capillaries.

The waste products of aerobic metabolism include:

carbon dioxide and water.

Mean arterial pressure (MAP) is a product of:

cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance.

The largest portion of the brain is the ___________, which is commonly referred to as the "gray matter."

cerebrum

Pathophysiology is the study of the functional changes that occur when the body reacts to a particular:

disease.

The artery that can be palpated on the anterior surface of the foot is the:

dorsalis pedis.

Contraction of the right ventricle causes:

ejection of blood into the systemic circulation.

The leaf-shaped flap of cartilage that prevents food and liquid from entering the trachea during swallowing is called the:

epiglottis.

Key hormones of the sympathetic nervous system include:

epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Hemoglobin is a molecule that attaches to ___________ and carries oxygen.

erythrocytes

The atlas is the:

first cervical vertebra, which articulates with the skull.

The brain connects to the spinal cord through a large opening at the base of the skull called the:

foramen magnum.

Deoxygenated blood from the abdomen, pelvis, and lower extremities is returned to the right atrium via the:

inferior vena cava.

The diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract during:

inhalation.

The diaphragm is unique because it:

is both a voluntary and an involuntary muscle.

The vocal cords are located in the:

larynx.

The __________ fills the entire anteroposterior depth of the right upper quadrant of the abdomen.

liver

The most superior section of the sternum is called the:

manubrium.

The distal aspect of the tibia forms the:

medial malleolus.

The left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the:

pulmonary veins.

The bones of the forearm are called the:

radius and ulna.

The primary function of the right atrium is to:

receive blood from the vena cava.

The amount of air that remains in the lungs simply to keep them open is called the:

residual volume.

Your ability to remain awake is a function of the:

reticular activating system.

The part of the brain that controls the left side of the body is the:

right-side cerebrum.

The ___________ portion of the spinal column is joined to the iliac bones of the pelvis.

sacrum

The large, flat, triangular bone that overlies the posterior thoracic wall is called the:

scapula.

The electrical impulse of the heart normally begins at the:

sinoatrial node.

The axial skeleton is composed of the:

skull, face, thorax, and vertebral column.

The primary organ responsible for absorption of the products of digestion is the:

small intestine.

Activities such as walking, talking, and writing are regulated by the:

somatic nervous system.

Worn-out blood cells, foreign substances, and bacteria are filtered from the blood by the:

spleen.

Cardiac output (CO) is affected by:

stroke volume and heart rate.

Large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) are generated when:

the cells function with adequate oxygen.

The carpal bones form the:

wrist.

The inferior cartilaginous tip of the sternum is called the:

xiphoid process.