EMT: Chapters 24-26 Review
A 21-year-old male was working in an auto repair shop and sustained radiator burns to the anterior aspect of both arms and to his anterior chest. According to the rule of nines, this patient has burns that cover _____ of his BSA. Select one: A. 18% B. 45% C. 36% D. 27%
A
A 56-year-old male has an incomplete avulsion to his right forearm. After controlling any bleeding from the wound, you should: Select one: A. replace the avulsed flap to its original position and cover it with a sterile dressing. B. carefully probe the wound to determine if the bleeding is venous or arterial. C. carefully remove the avulsed flap and wrap it in a moist, sterile trauma dressing. D. thoroughly irrigate the wound with sterile water and cover it with a sterile dressing.
A
During your assessment of a patient who was shot in the abdomen, you notice a large entrance wound with multiple small puncture wounds surrounding it. This wound pattern is MOST consistent with a: Select one: A. shotgun. B. .357 magnum. C. handgun. D. .22-caliber pistol.
A
During your assessment of a patient with a head injury, you note that he opens his eyes when you pinch his trapezius muscle, is mumbling, and has his arms curled in toward his chest. You should assign him a GCS score of: A. 7. B. 9. C. 8. D. 10.
A
Factors that should be considered when assessing a patient who has fallen include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. the speed of the fall. B. the primary impact point. C. the surface struck.
A
If direct pressure fails to immediately stop severe bleeding from an extremity, you should apply: Select one: A. a tourniquet proximal to the injury. B. digital pressure to a proximal artery. C. a splint and elevate the extremity. D. additional sterile dressings.
A
In older patients, the first indicator of non-traumatic internal bleeding may be: Select one: A. weakness or dizziness. B. diaphoresis and pale skin. C. a heart rate over 120 beats/min. D. a low blood pressure.
A
In which of the following patients should you remove an impaled object? Select one: A. A pulseless and apneic patient with a knife impaled in the back B. A conscious and alert patient with a fishhook impaled in the eye C. An apneic patient with a shard of glass impaled in the abdomen D. A semiconscious patient with an ice pick impaled in the chest
A
Passengers who are seated in the rear of a vehicle and are wearing only lap belts have a higher incidence of injuries to the: A. thoracic and lumbar spine. B. lumbar and coccygeal spine. C. thoracic and sacral spine. D. lumbar and sacral spine.
A
Signs of a pulmonary blast injury include: A. coughing up blood. B. an irregular pulse. C. multiple rib fractures. D. vomiting blood.
A
The cervical spine is MOST protected from whiplash-type injuries when the: A. headrest is appropriately positioned. B. air bag correctly deploys upon impact. C. rear end of the vehicle is initially struck. D. patient tenses up at the time of impact.
A
What types of motor vehicle collisions present the greatest potential for multiple impacts? A. Rotational and rollover B. Rear-end and rotational C. Frontal and rotational D. Lateral and rollover
A
When assessing a patient who experienced a blast injury, it is important to remember that: A. primary blast injuries are the most easily overlooked. B. solid organs usually rupture from the pressure wave. C. primary blast injuries are typically the most obvious. D. secondary blast injuries are usually the least obvious.
A
When caring for a patient whose arm is covered with a dry chemical, you should: Select one: A. brush away the chemical before flushing with water. B. deactivate the chemical with a 5% vinegar solution. C. use forceful streams of water to remove the chemical. D. quickly irrigate the arm with large amounts of water.
A
When evaluating the mechanism of injury of a car-versus-pedestrian collision, you should first: A. approximate the speed of the vehicle that struck the pedestrian. B. determine if the patient was propelled away from the vehicle. C. evaluate the vehicle that struck the patient for structural damage. D. determine if the patient was struck and pulled under the vehicle.
A
When treating a patient who experienced a pulmonary blast injury, you should: A. avoid giving oxygen under positive pressure. B. administer large amounts of intravenous fluid. C. use a demand valve to ventilate the patient. D. suspect an accompanying cardiac tamponade.
A
Which of the following injuries would MOST likely occur as a direct result of the third collision in a motor vehicle crash? A. Aortic rupture B. Forehead lacerations C. Flail chest D. Extremity fractures
A
Which of the following statements regarding gunshot wounds is correct? A. The speed of a bullet has a greater impact on causing injury than the mass. B. The size of a bullet has the greatest impact on producing injury. C. High-velocity bullets will cause less severe internal injuries. D. Low-velocity bullets will cause the greatest amount of internal injury.
A
You have applied a dressing and roller-gauze bandage to a laceration on the arm of a young female. During transport, she begins to complain of numbness and tingling in her hand. You should: Select one: A. assess distal circulation and readjust the bandage as needed. B. remove the bandage and dressing and apply another one. C. carefully manipulate her arm until the symptoms subside. D. remove the gauze bandage and replace it with an elastic one.
A
A 30-year-old male sustained a stab wound to the neck when he was attacked outside a nightclub. During your assessment, you should be MOST alert for: A. alterations in his mental status. B. potential airway compromise. C. injury to the cervical spine. D. damage to internal structures.
B
A 43-year-old man is experiencing a severe nosebleed. His blood pressure is 190/110 mm Hg and his heart rate is 90 beats/min and bounding. Preferred treatment for this patient includes: Select one: A. having the patient pinch his own nostrils and then lie supine. B. pinching the patient's nostrils and having him lean forward. C. packing both nostrils with gauze pads until the bleeding stops. D. placing a rolled 4² × 4² dressing between his lower lip and gum.
B
A 67-year-old male presents with weakness, dizziness, and melena that began approximately 2 days ago. He denies a history of trauma. His blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg and his pulse is 120 beats/min and thready. You should be MOST suspicious that this patient is experiencing: Select one: A. acute appendicitis. B. gastrointestinal bleeding. C. intrathoracic hemorrhaging. D. an aortic aneurysm.
B
According to the American College of Surgeons, an adult trauma patient meets Level I criteria if he or she: A. has a systolic blood pressure of less than 110 mm Hg or a heart rate greater than 110 beats/min. B. was involved in a motor-vehicle crash in which another patient in the same vehicle was killed. C. has a GCS score of less than or equal to 8 with a mechanism attributed to trauma. D. has a bleeding disorder or takes anticoagulant medications and has any blunt or penetrating injury.
B
As you approach a young male who was involved in an industrial accident, you note that his eyes are closed and that he is not moving. You can see several large contusions to his arms, a laceration to his forehead with minimal bleeding, and a closed deformity to his right leg. You should: Select one: A. perform an immediate head-to-toe assessment. B. open his airway and assess his breathing status. C. assess his pulse for rate, regularity, and quality. D. apply high-flow oxygen and assess his injuries.
B
Burns to pediatric patients are generally considered more serious than burns to adults because: Select one: A. pediatric patients have a proportionately larger volume of blood. B. pediatric patients have more surface area relative to total body mass. C. pediatric patients are more prone to hyperthermia. D. most burns in children are the result of child abuse.
B
Circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells' oxygen, nutritional, and waste-removal needs is termed _______. Select one: A. coagulation B. perfusion C. hemorrhage D. hypoperfusion
B
During your assessment of a patient who experienced a blast injury, you note that he has a depressed area to the front of his skull. This injury MOST likely occurred: A. as a direct result of the pressure wave. B. during the tertiary phase.
B
Evaluation of the interior of a crashed motor vehicle during extrication will allow the AEMT to: A. determine the vehicle's speed at the time of impact. B. identify contact points and predict potential injuries. C. assess the severity of the third collision of the crash. D. recognize if the driver hit the brakes before impact.
B
The index of suspicion is MOST accurately defined as: A. a predictable pattern that leads to serious injuries. B. your concern for potentially serious underlying injuries.
B
Two of the MOST common mechanisms of injury for blunt trauma are: A. low-caliber gunshot wounds and falls. B. falls and motor vehicle collisions. C. gunshot wounds and vehicle ejections. D. motor vehicle collisions and stabbings.
B
When a motor vehicle strikes a tree while traveling at 40 mph, the unrestrained occupant: A. is thrust under the steering column onto the floorboard. B. remains in motion until acted upon by an external force. C. will decelerate at the same rate as the motor vehicle. D. will most likely be thrown over the steering column.
B
When assessing an elderly patient who fell, it is important to remember that: A. elderly patients who fall usually have a secondary head injury. B. osteoporosis can cause a fracture that may have resulted in the fall. C. any fall in the elderly is considered to be high-energy trauma. D. bilateral hip fractures usually occur when an elderly person falls.
B
When assessing the interior of a crashed motor vehicle for damage, you are gathering information regarding the: A. kinetic energy. B. mechanism of injury. C. index of suspicion. D. potential energy.
B
When the speed of a motor vehicle doubles, the amount of kinetic energy: A. doubles. B. quadruples.
B
Whether you are using a commercial device or a stick and triangular bandage as a tourniquet, it is important to remember that: Select one: A. you should try to control the bleeding by applying pressure to a proximal arterial pressure point first. B. the tourniquet should only be removed at the hospital because bleeding may return if the tourniquet is released. C. bulky dressings should be securely applied over the tourniquet to further assist in controlling the bleeding. D. the tourniquet should be applied directly over a joint if possible because this provides better bleeding control.
B
Which of the following is a severe burn in a 65-year-old patient? Select one: A. Superficial burn to 30% of the BSA B. Partial-thickness burn to 20% of the BSA C. Full-thickness burn to 1% of the BSA D. Second-degree burn covering 10% of the BSA
B
Which of the following open soft-tissue injuries is limited to the superficial layer of the skin and results in the least amount of blood loss? Select one: A. Laceration B. Abrasion C. Avulsion D. Incision
B
Which of the following processes occurs during the inflammation phase of the healing process? Select one: A. The blood vessels in and around the injury site constrict, which forces bacteria and other microorganisms away, thus preventing significant infection. B. The immune system releases histamines, which cause vasodilation and increased capillary permeability, resulting in local redness and swelling. C. The veins and arteries at the injury site constrict and platelets aggregate, which stops bleeding and causes a temporary increase in the size of the wound. D. White blood cells are forced away from the injury site, thus allowing an increase in the flow of red blood cells, resulting in increased blood flow.
B
Which of the following statements regarding hemophilia is correct? Select one: A. Hemophiliacs take aspirin to enhance blood clotting. B. Patients with hemophilia may bleed spontaneously. C. Approximately 25% of the population has hemophilia. D. Hemophilia is defined as a total lack of platelets.
B
Which organ or organ system has the greatest tolerance for lack of perfusion (shock)? Select one: A. Brain B. Gastrointestinal system C. Skeletal muscle D. Kidneys
B
Which section of the heart receives deoxygenated blood? Select one: A. Left B. Right C. Ventricles D. Atria
B
While assessing a young male who was struck in the chest with a steel pipe, you note that his pulse is irregular. You should be MOST suspicious for: A. underlying cardiac disease. B. bruising of the heart muscle. C. a lacerated coronary artery. D. traumatic rupture of the aorta.
B
A 12-year-old male jumped approximately 12' from a tree and landed on his feet. He complains of pain to his lower back. What injury mechanism is MOST likely responsible for his back pain? A. Lateral impact to the spine B. Direct trauma to the spinal column C. Energy transmission to the spine D. Secondary fall after the initial impact
C
A closed soft-tissue injury characterized by swelling and ecchymosis is called a(n): Select one: A. abrasion. B. hematoma. C. contusion. D. crush injury.
C
Which of the following would MOST likely occur as the direct result of the second collision in a motor vehicle crash? A. Collapsed dashboard B. Intrathoracic hemorrhage C. Deformed steering wheel D. Caved-in passenger door
C
A small compact car was involved in a rollover crash. As you are approaching the vehicle, you note that the roof is significantly collapsed. The patient, a 29-year-old male, is complaining of severe pain in his neck and to the top of his head as well as numbness and tingling in his extremities. Witnesses who removed the patient from the vehicle state that he was wearing his seatbelt. What injury mechanism is MOST likely responsible for this patient's condition? A. Lateral bending of the neck during the crash B. Impact of the head against the steering wheel C. Compression of the head against the roof D. Whiplash injury to the neck during the rollover
C
A sport utility vehicle lost control and struck a utility pole head-on. The driver was killed instantly. The passenger, a young female, is conscious and alert and has several small abrasions and lacerations to her left forearm. Treatment for the passenger should include: A. a focused exam of her forearm. B. transport to a community hospital. C. transport to a trauma center. D. a secondary assessment at the scene.
C
A young male sustained a gunshot wound to the abdomen during an altercation with a rival gang member. As your partner is assessing and managing his airway, you should control any obvious bleeding and then: A. auscultate bowel sounds. B. apply a cervical collar. C. assess for an exit wound. D. obtain baseline vital signs.
C
A young male was shot in the abdomen by an unknown type of gun. He is semiconscious, has shallow breathing, and is bleeding externally from the wound. As you control the external bleeding, your partner should: Select one: A. perform a secondary assessment. B. apply a nonrebreathing mask. C. assist the patient's ventilations. D. obtain baseline vital signs.
C
According to the Association of Air Medical Services (AAMS), you should consider air medical transport of a trauma patient if: A. the patient requires advanced life support care and stabilization, and the nearest paramedic ground ambulance is more than 5 to 10 minutes away. B. ground transport will take your ambulance out of service for an extended period of time, regardless of the severity of the patient's injuries. C. he or she was involved in a motor-vehicle crash in which another occupant in the same vehicle was killed, even if your patient's injuries are minor. D. traffic conditions hamper the ability to get the patient to a trauma center by ground within the ideal time frame for the best clinical outcome.
C
An 8-year-old male was bitten by a stray dog. He has a large laceration to the back of his left hand, which your partner covered with a sterile dressing and bandage. In addition to transporting the child to the hospital, you should: Select one: A. ask the child's father to try to locate the dog. B. administer oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask. C. report the incident to the appropriate authorities. D. advise the child that he will need rabies shots.
C
Hypovolemic shock occurs when: Select one: A. the clotting ability of the blood is enhanced. B. the patient's systolic blood pressure is less than 100 mm Hg. C. the body cannot compensate for rapid blood loss. D. at least 10% of the patient's blood volume is lost.
C
If one or more occupants in the same vehicle are killed in a crash, the AEMT should: A. rapidly assess only the survivors who have experienced obvious trauma. B. allow the survivors to refuse transport if they have no obvious injuries. C. suspect that all living occupants experienced the same serious trauma. D. transport the survivors only if they have injuries or complain of pain.
C
In contrast to a Level III trauma center, a Level I trauma center must: A. be able to stabilize patients before transferring to a higher level facility. B. be involved in trauma prevention programs. C. have general surgeons that are in-house 24 hours a day. D. have access to an emergency physician within 30 minutes.
C
The phenomenon of pressure waves emanating from the bullet, causing damage remote from its path, is known as: A. capitation. B. conversion. C. cavitation. D. congruent.
C
The sebaceous glands produce sebum, a material that: Select one: A. pulls the hair erect when you are cold. B. discharges sweat onto the skin's surface. C. waterproofs the skin and keeps it supple. D. facilitates shedding of the epidermis.
C
When a driver is in a car equipped with an air bag, but is not wearing a seatbelt, he or she will MOST likely strike the __________ when the air bag deploys upon impact. A. dashboard B. steering wheel C. door D. windshield
C
When caring for an occupant inside a motor vehicle equipped with an air bag that did not deploy upon impact, it is MOST important to: A. recognize that the force of impact was most likely not severe. B. realize that the air bag malfunctioned at the time of impact. C. remember that it could still deploy and seriously injure you. D. suspect that the patient may have experienced serious injuries.
C
Which of the following areas of the body has the thinnest skin? Select one: A. Soles of the feet B. Scalp C. Ears D. Back
C
While en route to a major motor vehicle crash, an on-scene police officer advises you that a 6-year-old male who was riding in the front seat is involved. He further states that the child was only wearing a lap belt and that the air bag deployed. On the basis of this information, you should be MOST suspicious that the child has experienced: A. lower-extremity fractures. B. blunt trauma to the head. C. neck and facial injuries. D. open abdominal trauma.
C
With regard to the three collisions that occur during a motor vehicle crash, which of the following statements regarding the first collision is correct? A. It has a direct effect on patient care because of the obvious vehicular damage. B. It occurs when the unrestrained occupant collides with the interior of the vehicle. C. It is the most dramatic part of the collision and may make extrication difficult. D. It provides the least amount of information about the mechanism of injury.
C
Your patient has a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 11, a systolic blood pressure of 80 mm Hg, and a respiratory rate of 8 breaths/min, his Revised Trauma Score (RTS) is: A. 8. B. 11. C. 9. D. 10.
C
Internal bleeding into a fractured extremity is MOST often controlled by: Select one: A. applying chemical ice pack. B. applying a tourniquet. C. keeping the patient warm. D. splinting the extremity.
D
A 15-year-old female was struck by a small car while riding her bicycle. She was wearing a helmet and was thrown to the ground, striking her head. In addition to managing problems associated with airway, breathing, and circulation, it is MOST important for you to: A. obtain baseline vital signs. B. leave her bicycle helmet on. C. inspect the helmet for cracks. D. stabilize her entire spine.
D
A 33-year-old male sustained an abdominal evisceration to the left lower quadrant of his abdomen after he was cut with a large knife. After appropriately managing his ABCs and assessing him for other life-threatening injuries, how you should care for his wound? Select one: A. Irrigate it with sterile water and cover it with a dry dressing. B. Carefully replace the exposed bowel into the abdomen and transport. C. Cover the exposed bowel and keep his legs in a straight position. D. Cover it with moist, sterile gauze and secure with an occlusive dressing.
D
A 39-year-old male was struck in the head by a baseball during a game. He is confused and has slurred speech. He has a large hematoma in the center of his forehead and cannot remember the events preceding the injury. After manually stabilizing his head and assessing his airway, you should: Select one: A. perform a neurologic exam. B. palpate his radial pulses. C. apply ice to the hematoma. D. administer high-flow oxygen.
D
A 40-year-old female, unrestrained, impacted the steering wheel of her vehicle with her chest when her vehicle hit a tree while traveling at 45 mph. She is conscious and alert, but is experiencing significant chest pain and shortness of breath. Given the mechanism of injury and her present condition, it is LEAST likely that she experienced: A. a cardiac contusion. B. a pulmonary contusion. C. multiple rib fractures. D. a head injury.
D
A burn that is characterized by redness and pain is classified as a: Select one: A. partial-thickness burn. B. full-thickness burn. C. second-degree burn. D. superficial burn.
D
A driver involved in a rollover motor vehicle crash will MOST likely experience serious injuries or death if he or she: A. experiences multiple impacts. B. remains within the vehicle. C. is wearing only a lap belt. D. is ejected or partially ejected.
D
Air bags are designed to: A. be used with or without a shoulder harness. B. prevent a second collision inside the car. C. prevent the driver from sustaining head trauma. D. decrease the severity of deceleration injuries.
D
Approximately 25% of severe injuries to the aorta occur during: A. rollover collisions. B. rear-end collisions. C. frontal collisions. D. lateral collisions.
D
By what mechanism is a person injured when he or she falls from a significant height? A. As the person falls, the amount of kinetic energy is converted into work; work is then converted to kinetic energy upon impact. B. Kinetic energy is converted to potential energy; the potential energy is then converted into the work of bringing the body to a stop. C. Potential energy is created as the person is falling; the potential energy is then converted into kinetic energy upon impact. D. Potential energy is converted to kinetic energy; the kinetic energy is then converted into the work of bringing the body to a stop.
D
Following a blunt injury to the head, a 22-year-old female is confused and complains of a severe headache and nausea. On the basis of these signs and symptoms, you should be MOST concerned with the possibility of: A. airway compromise. B. spinal cord injury. C. a fracture of the skull. D. intracranial bleeding.
D
Following blunt trauma to the abdomen, a 21-year-old female complains of diffuse abdominal pain and pain to the left shoulder. Your assessment reveals that her abdomen is distended and tender to palpation. On the basis of these findings, you should be MOST suspicious of injury to the: Select one: A. liver. B. pancreas. C. gallbladder. D. spleen.
D
Force acting over a distance defines the concept of: A. kinetic energy. B. potential energy. C. latent energy. D. work.
D
If a person is standing near a building that explodes, which of the following injuries would he or she MOST likely experience as a result of the pressure wave? A. Fractured bones B. Severe burns C. Impaled objects D. Stomach rupture
D
If applying a dressing to control the bleeding of a patient's arm, the EMT should ________. Select one: A. apply direct pressure first B. use large or small gauze pads or dressings depending upon the size of the wound C. cover the entire wound, above and below, with the dressing D. All of these answers are correct.
D
In addition to severe bleeding, the MOST life-threatening complication associated with an open neck injury is: Select one: A. a spinal fracture. B. nerve fiber damage. C. an ischemic stroke. D. an air embolism.
D
Internal injuries caused by gunshot wounds are difficult to predict because: A. exit wounds caused by the bullet are usually small. B. the caliber of the bullet is frequently unknown. C. the area of damage is usually smaller than the bullet. D. the bullet may tumble or ricochet within the body.
D
Significant vital sign changes will occur if the typical adult acutely loses more than ______ of his or her total blood volume. Select one: A. 10% B. 5% C. 15% D. 20%
D
The energy contained in a moving object is called: A. potential energy. B. latent energy. C. converted energy. D. kinetic energy.
D
The severity of bleeding should be based on all of the following findings, EXCEPT: Select one: A. clinical signs and symptoms. B. poor general appearance. C. the mechanism of injury. D. systolic blood pressure.
D
What mechanism(s) does the body use to control bleeding? Select one: A. Clotting B. Coagulation C. Vasoconstriction D. All of these answers are correct.
D
Which of the following findings would be LEAST suggestive of the presence of high-energy trauma? A. Intrusion into the vehicle B. Dismounted seats C. Steering wheel deformity D. Deployment of the air bag
D
Which of the following findings would be the MOST significant when assessing a patient with possible internal bleeding? Select one: A. The patient has not eaten in 24 hours. B. The patient had a stroke 5 years prior. C. The patient has a history of hypertension. D. The patient takes rivaroxaban (Xeralto).
D
Which of the following interventions is the MOST critical to the outcome of a patient with multisystem trauma? A. Elevation of the lower extremities B. Early administration of oxygen C. Intravenous fluid administration D. Rapid transport to a trauma center
D
Which of the following patients has experienced the MOST significant fall? A. A 5'-0" patient who fell 13' B. A 5'-9" patient who fell 14' C. A 4'-8" patient who fell 13' D. A 4'-6" patient who fell 13'
D
Which of the following splinting devices would be MOST appropriate to use for a patient who has an open fracture of the forearm with external bleeding? Select one: A. Vacuum splint B. Sling and swathe C. Cardboard splint D. Air splint
D
Which of the following statements regarding crush syndrome is correct? Select one: A. Tissue damage that occurs in crush syndrome is severe, but kidney injury is unlikely because toxins are quickly eliminated from the body. B. With crush syndrome, massive blood vessel damage occurs following severe soft-tissue injuries, such as amputation of an extremity. C. Provided that a patient with a crush injury is freed from entrapment within 6 hours, the amount of tissue damaged is generally minimal. D. Compromised arterial blood flow leads to crush syndrome and can occur when an area of the body is trapped for longer than 4 hours.
D
Which of the following statements regarding low-energy penetrating injuries is correct? A. Exit wounds are typically easy to locate with low-energy penetrating injuries. B. Internal injuries caused by low-velocity bullets are usually easy to predict. C. It is usually easy to differentiate between an entrance wound and an exit wound. D. The area of injury is usually close to the path the object took through the body.
D
Which portion of the blood carries oxygen to and wastes away from body tissues? Select one: A. Platelets B. Plasma C. White blood cells D. Red blood cells
D
