EMT Final

shock

Inadequate circulation of blood throughout the body is called ________.

take multiple medications

Older adults frequently ___________.

if you ventilate a patient too quickly

Several attempts to adequately open a trauma patient's airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver have been unsuccessful. You should:

septic shock

Shock due to severe infection is called ________.

distal

A 5-year-old boy has fallen and has a severe deformity of the forearm near the wrist. He has possibly sustained a fracture of the ____________ forearm.

bilateral

A patient has fractured both femurs. Anatomically, these injuries would be described as being:

report the incident to your supervisor after the call

After assessing a patient's blood glucose level, you accidentally stick yourself with the contaminated lancet. You should:

stop the move and request additional lifting assistance

As you and your partner are carrying a stable patient down a flight of stairs in a stair chair, you feel a sudden, sharp pain in your lower back. You should:

be alert for personal hazards

As you enter the residence of a patient who has possibly overdosed, you should:

the blockage of a coronary artery

Atherosclerosis is defined as ________.

elevating the tone of your voice and exaggerating word pronunciation

Communicating with patients who are deaf or hard-of-hearing can be facilitated by doing all of the following, EXCEPT:

electrolyte imbalances, infection, poisonings or ingestion

Common causes of seizures in children include all of the following:

rupture of a central vein.

Common complications associated with central venous catheters include all of the following, EXCEPT:

gastric distention.

Complications associated with chest compressions include all of the following, EXCEPT:

61-year-old man with signs and symptoms of a stroke and a ground transport time of 50 minutes

In which of the following situations would it be MOST appropriate to utilize an air medical transportation service?

12-20 breaths/min

What is the normal respiratory rate for an adult?

guarding

When a patient stiffens the muscles of the abdomen, it is known as _______.

allow surfaces to air dry unless otherwise indicated in the product directions

When decontaminating the back of your ambulance after a call, you should:

start of one to the start of the next

When determining the frequency of contractions, you should time the contractions from the:

the conditions of many medical patients may not appear serious at first

When forming your general impression of a patient with a medical complaint, it is important to remember that:

after receiving approval from the incident commander

When functioning at the scene of a motor vehicle crash in which a patient will require complex extrication, you should enter the vehicle and provide care to the patient:

place blankets behind the patient's head

When immobilizing a patient with a kyphotic spine to a long backboard, the EMT would MOST likely have to:

When the patient poses a significant threat to self or others

When is forcible restraint permitted?

local swelling and ecchymosis

Which of the following is an early sign of pit viper envenomation?

Developing a social network outside of EMS

Which of the following is an effective stress management strategy?

A person violently attacking family members

Which of the following is an example of a psychiatric emergency?

The patient's residence is cold due to a malfunctioning heater

Which of the following observations or statements represents the "E" in the GEMS diamond?

A 31-year-old semiconscious male with low blood sugar and adequate breathing

Which of the following patients should you place in the recovery position?

placing the mother supine with her head down and pelvis elevated.

Your 22-year-old patient is in active labor. Upon visual inspection, you note that the infant's leg is protruding from the vagina. Appropriate management of this situation includes:

Oxygen supports the combustion process and may cause a fire

Which of the following statements regarding oxygen is correct?

Death as a result of SIDS can occur at any time of the day or night.

Which of the following statements regarding sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is correct?

The Salmonella bacterium itself causes food poisoning

Which of the following statements regarding the Salmonella bacterium is correct?

The initial pain associated with an acute abdomen tends to be vague and poorly localized

Which of the following statements regarding the acute abdomen is correct?

The stages of the grieving process may occur simultaneously

Which of the following statements regarding the different stages of the grieving process is correct?

The secondary assessment should focus on a certain area or region of the body as determined by the chief complaint

Which of the following statements regarding the secondary assessment is correct?

It is a clear, jellylike fluid near the back of the eye that cannot be replaced if it is lost

Which of the following statements regarding the vitreous humor is correct?

Skeletal system

Which of the following structures does NOT contain smooth muscle?

right

Which section of the heart receives deoxygenated blood?

may cause the patient to think that he or she has no say in making decisions

Talking about an elderly patient in front of him or her to other members of the family:

you were exposed to another infected person prior to treating the 34-year-old patient

Ten days after treating a 34-year-old patient with tuberculosis, you are given a tuberculin skin test, which yields a positive result. This MOST likely indicates that:

orbit

The ___________ is made up of the maxilla and zygoma, as well as the frontal bone of the cranium.

insulate and protect the fetus

The amniotic fluid serves to:

fontanelles

The areas of the infant's skull that have not yet fused together are called ________.

evaporation

The body's natural cooling mechanism, in which sweat is converted to a gas, is called:

after the primary assessment has been completed

The determination of whether a medical patient is a high-priority or low-priority transport is typically made:

planning section

The development of an incident action plan is the responsibility of the:

1 minute

The effects of epinephrine are typically observed within _________ following administration.

sinoatrial node

The electrical impulse generated by the heart originates in the:

neonatal period

The first month of life after birth is referred to as the:

19 and 25 years

The human body should be functioning at its optimal level between the ages of:

the four-person log roll

The ideal procedure for moving an injured patient from the ground to a backboard is:

21 days

The incubation period for Ebola can be up to:

signifies a request for other drivers to yield the right of way

The use of lights and siren on an ambulance:

complex access

The use of special tools to remove an entrapped patient from a vehicle is known as _________.

nervous system

The venom of a black widow spider is toxic to the:

proximal femur

A "hip" fracture is actually a fracture of the:

Energy transmission to the spine

A 12-year-old male jumped approximately 12 feet from a tree and landed on his feet. He complains of pain to his lower back. What injury mechanism is MOST likely responsible for his back pain?

disconnect the ventilator and apply a tracheostomy collar

A 13-year-old child is on a home ventilator. The parents called because the mechanical ventilator is malfunctioning and the child has increasing respiratory distress. You should:

stabilize her entire spine

A 15-year-old female was struck by a small car while riding her bicycle. She was wearing a helmet and was thrown to the ground, striking her head. In addition to managing problems associated with airway, breathing, and circulation, it is MOST important for you to:

inquire about the possibility of pregnancy in private, if possible

A 16-year-old female complains of vaginal bleeding and abdominal cramping that began several hours ago. During your assessment interview, you should:

liver failure

An overdose of acetaminophen, the active ingredient in Tylenol, will MOST likely cause:

injected poison, irritating toxin, deadly venom

Anaphylaxis caused by stinging insects is typically an allergic reaction to ____________ rather than the bite or sting itself.

extreme allergic reaction that may affect multiple body systems

Anaphylaxis is MOST accurately defined as a(n):

myocardial oxygen demand exceeds supply

Angina pectoris occurs when:

lateral collisions

Approximately 25% of severe injuries to the aorta occur during:

must not begin treatment until all patients have been triaged.

As a triage supervisor, you:

It is difficult to prove actions were performed if they are not included on the report

As an EMT, the standards of emergency care are often partially based on:

Medical director approval

As an EMT, you may be authorized to administer aspirin to a patient with chest pain based on:

know the current threat level issued by the Department of Homeland Security

As you and your partner report for duty, you check your ambulance and begin talking about the possibility of a terrorist attack. The MOST effective and appropriate way to determine the likelihood of this happening is to:

control the bleeding

As you approach a patient lying at the side of the roadway, you observe severe bleeding from the leg. What should your first action be?

open his airway and assess his breathing status

As you approach a young male who was involved in an industrial accident, you note that his eyes are closed and that he is not moving. You can see several large contusions to his arms, a laceration to his forehead with minimal bleeding, and a closed deformity to his right leg. You should:

respond only after giving a verbal patient report to a nurse or physician

As you are wheeling your patient through the emergency department doors, you receive another call for a major motor vehicle crash. You should:

nature of illness

Assessment of the medical patient is usually focused on the _________.

immune system

Asthma is caused by a response of the:

remain outside the danger (hot) zone

At a scene with downed electrical lines, the EMT should _________.

terrorist nations do not have the ability to deliver a nuclear weapon via missile or bomb.

At present, the likelihood of a nuclear attack against the United States is very low because:

mark off a danger zone around the downed lines

At the scene of an automobile crash, a utility pole has been broken and power lines are lying across the car. The patients inside the car are conscious. You should:

a raised, well-defined area of the skin

At the site of the injury, signs and symptoms of an animal or insect bite or sting may include pain, localized heat, and a wheal, which appears as __________.

the body is less able to adapt the BP to rapid postural changes

In contrast to younger patients, older patients are more prone to a decrease in blood pressure (BP) upon standing because:

according to the urgency and frequency of their use

Equipment and supplies that are carried on an ambulance should be stored:

considering your own cultural values to be more important when interacting with people of a different culture

Ethnocentrism is defined as:

but that does not mean a person is mentally ill

Everyone exhibits some signs and symptoms of mental illness at some point in life ____________

polyphagia

Excessive eating caused by cellular "hunger" is call

removal from a dangerous situation or position

Extrication is defined as:

intracranial bleeding

Following a blunt injury to the head, a 22-year-old female is confused and complains of a severe headache and nausea. On the basis of these signs and symptoms, you should be MOST concerned with the possibility of:

Engorged jugular veins

Following a stab wound to the left anterior chest, a 25-year-old male presents with a decreased level of consciousness and signs of shock. Which of the following additional assessment findings should increase your index of suspicion for a cardiac tamponade?

spleen

Following blunt trauma to the abdomen, a 21-year-old female complains of diffuse abdominal pain and pain to the left shoulder. Your assessment reveals that her abdomen is distended and tender to palpation. On the basis of these findings, you should be MOST suspicious of injury to the:

a blowout fracture

Following blunt trauma to the face, a 21-year-old male complains of a severe headache and decreased ability to move his eyes. This patient's clinical presentation is MOST consistent with:

firmly massage the uterine fundus with a circular motion

Following delivery of a full-term baby, you have properly cared for the baby and have clamped and cut the umbilical cord. During transport, you note that the mother is experiencing moderate vaginal bleeding. You should:

begin some form of positive-pressure ventilation.

Following proper decontamination, a 30-year-old male is brought to you. He is semiconscious and has rapid, shallow respirations. A quick visual assessment reveals no obvious bleeding. You should:

anaphylactic shock

Foods, medications, and insects are common causes of ________.

identify whether the patient requires rapid transport

For a patient with a gastrointestinal complaint, it is MOST important for the EMT to _________.

patient's medical history

For every emergency request, the dispatcher should routinely gather and record all of the following information, EXCEPT the

work

Force acting over a distance is the definition of:

1 month

From a mental health standpoint, an abnormal or disturbing pattern of behavior is a matter of concern if it lasts for at least:

uterus

From what internal female organ is the fetus expelled during delivery?

if you ventilate a patient too quickly

Gastric distention will MOST likely occur

Alarm response, reaction and resistance, and recovery

General adaptation syndrome is characterized by which of the following phases?

when performing endotracheal intubation

Gloves, a mask, eye protection, and a face shield should be used:

has a greater ability to produce disease

Hepatitis B is more virulent than hepatitis C, which means that it:

opioid

Heroin is an example of a(n)

bronchiolitis

His parents tell you that their son has had a chest infection for the past two days and when they took him to their family doctor, they were told it was likely due to the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). They have kept him well hydrated, but the infection seems to have gotten worse. On auscultation, you hear decreased air entry bilaterally with fine expiratory wheezes and the occasional coarse wet crackle. Based on this information, your patient is most likely suffering from:

By changing the normal metabolism of cells or by destroying them

How do poisons typically act to harm the body?

It forces the alveoli open and pushes oxygen across the alveolar membrane.

How does CPAP improve oxygenation and ventilation in patients with certain respiratory problems?

30

Hydroplaning of the ambulance on wet roads would MOST likely occur at speeds of greater than _____ mph.

hangings

Hyperextension injuries of the spine are MOST commonly the result of:

oxycodone (Percocet)

Hypotension, hypoventilation, and pinpoint pupils would be expected following an overdose of:

95°F (35°C)

Hypothermia occurs when the core body temperature falls below:

plasma

Hypovolemic shock caused by severe burns is the result of a loss of:

the body cannot compensate for rapid blood loss.

Hypovolemic shock occurs when:

7:57

If a baby is born at 7:52, the second Apgar score should be calculated at:

must increase his or her respiratory rate to maintain adequate minute volume

If a patient with a chest injury is only able to inhale small amounts of air per breath, he or she:

minute volume is decreased

If a patient's chest barely moves during inhalation, even if the patient's respiratory rate is normal, you should suspect that

check with the incident commander to ensure that the team is en route.

If a technical rescue team is required at the scene, but is not present when you arrive, you should:

remove it

If an object is visible in the unconscious patient's airway, you should __________.

apply direct pressure first, use large or small gauze pads or dressings depending upon the size of the wound, cover the entire wound, above and below, with the dressing

If applying a dressing to control the bleeding of a patient's arm, the EMT should ________.

a tourniquet proximal to the injury

If direct pressure fails to immediately stop severe bleeding from an extremity, you should apply:

use appropriate personal protective equipment and examine the vomitus for pill fragments or other clues for patient care

If the victim of a toxicologic emergency vomits, an EMT should _________.

vomiting

If your patient swallows blood following facial trauma, there is an increased risk of ________.

primary assessment

Immediately life-threatening chest injuries must be found and managed during the _______.

observe the scene for safety hazards.

Immediately upon arriving at the scene of an emergency call involving a traumatic injury, you should notify the dispatcher of your arrival and then:

pandemics

In 2009, the H1N1 virus accounted for over 200,000 deaths worldwide in the form of the swine flu. In 1919, a similar outbreak of the H1N1 occurred in the form of the Spanish flu. Starting in Kansas City, the virus spread rapidly worldwide, claiming up to 50 million lives. These are both examples of:

peer-assisted

In ___________ administration, you are administering medication to yourself or your partner

an air embolism

In addition to severe bleeding, the MOST life-threatening complication associated with an open neck injury is:

hypothermia

In an acute injury setting, neurogenic shock is commonly accompanied by:

involves physical injury to the brain tissue

In contrast to a cerebral concussion, a cerebral contusion:

may be relatively painless

In contrast to bleeding caused by external trauma to the vagina, bleeding caused by conditions such as polyps or cancer

is caused by resistance to insulin at the cellular level.

In contrast to type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes:

increased stability from a wider wheelbase.

In contrast to typical wheeled ambulance stretchers, features of a bariatric stretcher include:

the location type, the type of call, victim's statements

In determining the potential for a terrorist attack, you should routinely observe all of the following on every call:

the patient is clinically unstable

In general, musculoskeletal injuries should be splinted before moving the patient unless:

respiratory arrest

In most cases, cardiopulmonary arrest in infants and children is caused by:

weakness or dizziness

In older patients, the first indicator of nontraumatic internal bleeding may be:

oxygen and carbon dioxide must be able to freely diffuse across the alveolar-capillary membrane

In order for efficient pulmonary gas exchange to occur:

pneumothorax

In order to avoid exacerbating a patient's injury, it is especially important to use extreme caution when providing positive-pressure ventilation to patients with a:

lips or oral mucosa

In patients with deeply pigmented skin, changes in color may be apparent only in certain areas, such as the

larger in proportion to the abdomen

In pediatric patients, the liver and spleen are _______.

act almost purely to avoid punishment and to get what they want

In preconventional reasoning, children:

72 hour

In preparing for a disaster, EMS systems should have enough supplies for at least a ______ period of self-sufficiency.

posterior

In relation to the chest, the back is:

alveoli

In what area of the lungs does respiration occur?

The patient is competent and signs a release form

In which of the following circumstances can the EMT legally release confidential patient information?

A pulseless and apneic patient with a knife impaled in the back

In which of the following patients should you remove an impaled object?

A 37-year-old female who is found unconscious in her bed

In which of the following patients would the head tilt-chin lift maneuver be the MOST appropriate method of opening the airway?

A call is received 15 minutes prior to shift change

In which of the following situations does a legal duty to act clearly exist?

If resistance is encountered or the patient experiences severe pain

In which of the following situations should the EMT splint an injured limb in the position of deformity?

The EMTs are unfamiliar with the location, but the police officer knows the area

In which of the following situations would the EMTs MOST likely utilize a police escort?

drooling or congestion

Infection should be considered a possible cause of an airway obstruction in an infant or child, especially if he or she presents with:

are rarely life-threatening

Injuries to the external male genitalia _______.

splinting the extremity

Internal bleeding into a fractured extremity is MOST often controlled by:

cerebral vasodilation

Interruption of cerebral blood flow may result from all of the following, EXCEPT

Cheyne-Stokes respirations

Irregular respirations characterized by an increasing rate and depth of breathing followed by periods of apnea are called:

experience abdominal cramping, which may be misinterpreted

It is common for young females who experience their first menstrual period to:

neurologic

It is especially important to assess pulse, sensation, and movement in all extremities as well as pupillary reactions in patients with a suspected ___________ problem.

decontaminate

It is essential that you ____________ your equipment to prevent the spread of disease.

the cells function with adequate oxygen

Large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) are generated when:

provide emotional support and visually assess her for obvious trauma

Law enforcement personnel request your assistance to assess a 31-year-old female who was sexually assaulted. When you arrive at the scene, you find the patient sitting on a curb outside her apartment. She is conscious, alert, and crying. When you ask her what happened, she tells you that she does not want to be treated or transported to the hospital. She further tells you that all she wants to do is clean up. You should:

keeping a safe distance between your ambulance and the vehicles in front of you and remaining aware of vehicles potentially hiding in your mirrors' blind spots.

Maintaining a cushion of safety when operating an ambulance means:

not cutting through holes in clothing that were caused by weapons.

Maintaining the chain of evidence at the scene of a crime should include:

advise the physician that the order is unclear and ask for clarification.

Medical control gives you an order that seems inappropriate for the patient's condition. After confirming that you heard the physician correctly, you should:

capsules

Medications encased in a gelatin shell that are taken by mouth are called:

resistance of the body to the flow of electricity

Most AEDs are set up to adjust the voltage based on the impedance, which is the:

flulike symptoms

Most cases of anthrax begin with:

too rapid of an ascent

Most of the serious injuries associated with scuba diving are caused by:

lie on their side with their knees drawn into the abdomen

Most patients with abdominal pain prefer to:

a fever

Most patients with an infectious disease will have _________.

ingestion

Most poisonings occur via the __________ route

address the patient's symptoms

Most treatments provided in the prehospital setting are intended to _________.

Any behaviors that are a violent threat to the patient, EMTs, or others

When a psychiatric emergency arises, a patient is most likely to exhibit which of the following behaviors?

pupillary constriction

When activated, the sympathetic nervous system produces all of the following effects, EXCEPT:

quickly, within 30 minutes

When an allergic reaction proceeds to life-threatening anaphylaxis, it will usually do so __________.

ensure that the patient can see you approaching him

When approaching a 32-year-old male who is complaining of traumatic neck pain, you should:

never duck under the body or the tail boom because the pilot cannot see you in these areas.

When approaching a helicopter, whether the rotor blades are moving or not, you should:

primary blast injuries are the most easily overlooked

When assessing a patient who experienced a blast injury, it is important to remember that:

rupture of the tympanic membrane following diffuse impact to the head.

When assessing a patient with a head injury, you note the presence of thin, bloody fluid draining from his right ear. This indicates:

medical history

When assessing a patient with a medical complaint, which of the following would MOST likely reveal the cause of the problem?

palpate the abdomen in a clockwise direction, beginning with the quadrant after the one the patient indicates is painful

When assessing a patient with abdominal pain, you should:

blood pressure may be the last measurable factor to change in shock

When assessing a patient with signs and symptoms of shock, it is important to remember that:

cardiovascular disease

When assessing an elderly male who complains of nausea and generalized weakness, you find that he takes atorvastatin (Lipitor) and amlodipine (Norvasc). These medications suggest a history of:

osteoporosis can cause a fracture as a result of a fall from a standing position.

When assessing an elderly patient who fell, it is important to remember that:

ask the patient to close his or her eyes during the assessment

When assessing for arm drift of a patient with a suspected stroke, you should:

abnormal breath sounds

When auscultating the lungs of a patient with respiratory distress, you hear adventitious sounds. This means that the patient has:

have a female EMT remain with her if possible

When caring for a female child who has possibly been sexually abused, you should:

place any bloodstained clothing or other articles in separate paper bags

When caring for a female patient who has been sexually assaulted, you should:

internal bleeding may be profuse because prolonged alcohol use may impair the blood's ability to clot

When caring for a known alcoholic patient with severe trauma to the chest and abdomen, you should be concerned that:

sudden death can occur if the patient's violence is not controlled

When caring for a patient experiencing excited delirium, the EMT should remember that:

tell him or her what is happening, identify noises, and describe the situation and surroundings.

When caring for a patient who is visually impaired, it is important to:

brush away the chemical before flushing with water

When caring for a patient whose arm is covered with a dry chemical, you should:

carefully assess the patient for breathing problems

When caring for a patient with a possible fracture of the scapula, the EMT should:

limit your time at the scene to 10 minutes or less, if possible.

When caring for a patient with an altered mental status and signs of circulatory compromise, you should:

wear gloves and facial protection

When caring for a patient with an open facial injury, the EMT's immediate priority should be to:

a seizure

When caring for a patient with documented hypoglycemia, you should be MOST alert for

the patient has been completely secured to the backboard.

When immobilizing a trauma patient's spine, the EMT manually stabilizing the head should not let go until:

on a firm surface with her hips elevated 2 to 4 inches

When preparing a pregnant patient for delivery, you should position her:

on the thighs or ankles

When preparing to obtain a 12-lead ECG, the "LL" and "RL" electrodes should be placed:

not disclosing his or her name

When providing a patient report via radio, you should protect the patient's privacy by:

15 to 20 inches

When pulling a patient, you should extend your arms no more than ________ in front of your torso.

Why did your child ingest the poison?

When questioning the parent of a child who ingested a poisonous substance, which of the following questions would be of LEAST pertinence initially?

brief and easily understood.

When relaying patient information via radio, communications should be:

protect the cervical spine during the entire process

When removing a critically injured patient from his or her vehicle, you should

en route to the hospital

When should nonlifesaving interventions be performed for your multisystem trauma patient?

Only when there is a complaint of severe pain or other injury

When should you visually inspect the external genitalia on your patient?

300 mm Hg

When testing a mechanical suctioning unit, you should turn on the device, clamp the tubing, and ensure that it generates a vacuum pressure of more than:

quadruples

When the speed of a motor vehicle doubles, the amount of kinetic energy:

they may need to call a specialist to see the patient

When transporting a patient with a facial injury, it is MOST important to be as descriptive as possible with the hospital regarding the patient's injuries because:

changes in gastric motility may delay gastric emptying, which increases the risk for vomiting

When treating an 80-year-old patient who is in shock, it is important to remember that:

age-related changes diminish the effectiveness of the eyes and ears

When you are communicating with an older patient, it is important to remember that:

most older people think clearly and are capable of answering questions

When you are communicating with an older patient, it is important to remember that:

when the patient last appeared normal

When you are obtaining medical history from the family of a suspected stroke patient, it is MOST important to determine:

become smaller

When you shine a light into one pupil, the normal reaction of the other pupil should be to:

Driver's license

Where would you MOST likely find information regarding a patient's wishes to be an organ donor?

headache and fever, a stiff or painful neck, altered mental status

Signs and symptoms of meningitis in the infant or child include all of the following:

forceful coughing

Signs of a sudden severe upper airway obstruction include all of the following, EXCEPT:

diaphoresis, tachycardia, and hallucinations.

Signs of excited delirium include:

tendons

Skeletal muscle is attached to the bone by tough, ropelike, fibrous structures called:

slight cramping

Some women experience ___________ during ovulation.

a birth defect caused by incomplete closure of the spinal column

Spina bifida is defined as:

takes too much of his or her prescribed insulin

Symptomatic hypoglycemia will MOST likely develop if a patient:

the upper part of the larynx that is formed by the thyroid cartilage.

The Adam's apple is:

get vaccinated against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis

The BEST way to prevent infection from whooping cough is to:

domestic terrorism

The Centennial Park bombing during the 1996 Summer Olympics is an example of:

HIPAA

The EMT is legally obligated to protect a patient's privacy according to

possible spinal injury

The EMT must assume that any unwitnessed water-related incident is accompanied by:

children cannot store excess glucose as effectively as adults

The EMT should assess for hypoglycemia in small children with a severe illness or injury because:

taken seriously and the patient is transported for gynecologic evaluation

The EMT should ensure that vaginal bleeding is _________.

a normal pulse oximetry reading

The EMT should expect that a patient who was exposed to cyanide will have:

tachypnea and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.

The EMT should suspect left-sided heart failure in the geriatric patient who presents with:

pediatric pads and an energy-reducing device are available

The EMT should use an AED on a child between 1 month and 8 years of age if:

personal safety

The EMT's first priority is __________

wait at the staging area until the patient is located

The EMT's responsibility during search-and-rescue operations is to _________

medical director

The EMT's scope of practice within his or her local response area is defined by the

move all walking patients to a designated area

The FIRST step in the START triage system is to:

eye opening, verbal response, and motor response

The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is used to assess:

8; 100lb

The JumpSTART triage system is intended to be used for children younger than _____ years or who appear to weigh less than _____.

in the driver's compartment

The LEAST practical place to store a portable oxygen cylinder is:

intersections

The MOST common and usually the most serious ambulance crashes occur at:

abdominal or joint pain

The MOST prominent symptom of decompression sickness is:

injury to you or your patient

The MOST serious consequence of a poorly planned or rushed patient move is:

substandard or inappropriate patient care.

The MOST serious consequence of drug or alcohol abuse among EMS personnel is:

airway compromise

The MOST significant complication associated with facial injuries is:

delaying transport of a critically injured patient

The MOST significant hazard associated with splinting is:

hypertension

The MOST significant risk factor for a hemorrhagic stroke is:

sacrum

The _________ is both the mechanical weight-bearing base of the spinal column and the fused central posterior section of the pelvic girdle.

labia majora; labia minora

The __________ and _________ are folds of tissue that surround the urethral and vaginal openings

apex

The ___________ of the heart is the inferior portion of the ventricles.

diaphragm

The ____________ is a muscular dome that forms the inferior boundary of the thorax, separating the thorax from the abdomen

fallopian tubes

The _____________ connect(s) each ovary with the uterus.

Time management

The ability to handle multiple tasks based on their priority is called

Self-motivation

The ability to take appropriate action with little direction is known as

0.3; 0.15

The adult epinephrine auto-injector delivers ______ mg of epinephrine, and the infant-child auto-injector delivers ______ mg.

dose

The amount of medication that is given is known as the _________.

70 beats/min

The average pulse rate of persons between 19 and 60 years of age is typically:

foramen magnum

The brain connects to the spinal cord through a large opening at the base of the skull called the:

brain and spinal cord

The central nervous system (CNS) is composed of the:

brain and spinal cord

The central nervous system is composed of the:

most serious thing the patient is concerned about.

The chief complaint is MOST accurately defined as the:

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal

The five sections of the spinal column, in descending order, are the:

prepare for, prevent, respond to, and recover from domestic incidents.

The function of the National Incident Management System (NIMS) is to:

use a human body as a home

The goal of invaders such as bacteria and viruses is to __________.

limiting the amount of air that enters the lungs during the recoil phase between chest compressions, which results in negative intrathoracic pressure and improved cardiac filling

The impedance threshold device (ITD) may improve circulation during active compression-decompression CPR by

your awareness and concern for potentially serious underlying injuries

The index of suspicion is MOST accurately defined as:

heart disease

The leading cause of death in the geriatric patient is:

the right side of the body

The left cerebral hemisphere controls

maintain homeostasis

The main function of the endocrine system is to _________.

"peri-" and "circum-"

The meaning "around" can have which of the following prefixes?

dissemination

The means by which a terrorist will spread a particular agent is called:

bones and voluntary muscles of the body

The musculoskeletal system refers to the:

can maintain a patent airway in a semiconscious patient with a gag reflex

The nasopharyngeal airway is MOST beneficial because it:

the tourniquet should only be removed at the hospital because bleeding may return if the tourniquet is released.

Whether you are using a commercial device or a stick and triangular bandage as a tourniquet, it is important to remember that:

Protecting patient privacy

Which aspect of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) MOST affects EMS personnel?

A seizure that begins in one extremity

Which of the following MOST accurately describes a simple partial seizure?

The body is exposed to more heat than it can lose

Which of the following MOST accurately describes hyperthermia?

pulmonary embolism

Three days after delivering her baby, a 30-year-old woman complains of a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. Her level of consciousness is decreased and she is tachycardic. The EMT should suspect:

explosive weapons

To date, the preferred weapons of mass destruction for terrorists have been:

use preparatory commands to initiate any moves

To facilitate a safe and coordinated move, the team leader should:

a privacy officer to answer questions

To help protect patients, EMS agencies are required to have __________.

have only one EMT speak to the patient at a time

To minimize distractions and confusion when assessing an older patient, you should:

keep the weight as close to your body as possible

To minimize the risk of injuring yourself when lifting or moving a patient, you should:

one arm above the head

To protect a restrained patient and prevent him from using leverage to break free, the EMT should secure __________.

the skin

To protect vital organs, the body compensates by directing blood flow away from organs that are more tolerant of low flow, such as:

protect itself, go on alert, attempt to inactivate the foreign substance

When a foreign substance invades the body, the body will __________.

peritonitis may not develop for several hours.

When a hollow organ is punctured during a penetrating injury to the abdomen:

it should become smaller in size.

When a light is shone into the pupil:

may rise as high as the nipple line

When a person is lying supine at the end of exhalation, the diaphragm:

confusion and fatigue

Which of the following MOST accurately describes what the patient will experience during the postictal state that follows a seizure?

Rapidly assessing a patient's respiratory status

Which of the following actions would NOT be performed during the scene size-up?

ears

Which of the following areas of the body has the thinnest skin?

Irregular rate, pattern, and volume of breathing with intermittent periods of apnea

Which of the following breathing patterns is MOST indicative of increased intracranial pressure?

Slow respirations

Which of the following clinical signs would necessitate the administration of naloxone (Narcan)?

Duty to act, breach of duty, injury/damages, and causation

Which of the following components are needed to prove negligence?

substance abuse

Which of the following conditions is NOT categorized as a psychiatric condition?

blindness

Which of the following conditions is the diabetic patient at an increased risk of developing?

Abnormal spinal curvature

Which of the following conditions or situations presents the MOST unique challenge to the EMT when immobilizing an elderly patient on a long backboard?

Respiratory failure or cardiopulmonary arrest

Which of the following conditions would MOST likely affect the entire brain?

Seizure disorder

Which of the following conditions would MOST likely be encountered in a patient with cerebral palsy?

Chlamydia

Which of the following conditions would MOST likely lead to pelvic inflammatory disease if left untreated?

Acute anxiety

Which of the following conditions would be LEAST likely to cause an altered level of consciousness?

severe anxiety

Which of the following conditions would be LEAST likely to result in hypoxia?

hypovolemia

Which of the following conditions would be the LEAST likely to mimic the signs and symptoms of a stroke?

EMT

Which of the following courses requires about 150 hours of training?

The neonate opens his or her arms wide, spreads his or her fingers, and seems to grasp at something after being startled.

Which of the following describes the Moro reflex?

A team of health care professionals who are responsible for providing emergency care and transportation to the sick and injured

Which of the following descriptions MOST accurately portrays EMS?

Deployment of the air bag

Which of the following findings would be LEAST suggestive of the presence of high-energy trauma?

The patient takes rivaroxaban (Xeralto)

Which of the following findings would be the MOST significant when assessing a patient with possible internal bleeding?

A patient can consent to transport but can legally refuse to be treated

Which of the following general statements regarding consent is correct?

spleen

Which of the following helps filter the blood and has no digestive function?

cardiac arrest

Which of the following incidents does NOT require a report to be filed with local authorities?

Gonorrhea

Which of the following infections, when left untreated, may lead to infection of the blood and brain?

cardiac tamponade

Which of the following injuries would MOST likely cause obstructive shock?

aortic rupture

Which of the following injuries would MOST likely occur as a direct result of the third collision in a motor vehicle crash?

Rapid transport to a trauma center

Which of the following interventions is the MOST critical to the outcome of a patient with multisystem trauma?

Automated external defibrillator

Which of the following interventions is used by all levels of EMS providers?

24 breaths/min with bilaterally equal breath sounds and pink skin

Which of the following is MOST characteristic of adequate breathing?

Increased weight

Which of the following is NOT a common factor that would affect a 75-year-old patient's vital signs?

a rapid heart rate

Which of the following is NOT a common sign or symptom associated with malfunction of an implanted cardiac pacemaker?

Metabolic coordination

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin?

Its vessels closely parallel the major arteries in the body.

Which of the following is NOT true of the lymphatic system?

cystic fibrosis

Which of the following is a genetic disorder that predisposes the patient to repeated lung infections?

Avoid touching without permission.

Which of the following is a good guideline for physical examination of any patient?

Secondary sexual development begins.

Which of the following is a physical change that typically occurs in the adolescent age group?

Partial-thickness burn to 20% of the BSA

Which of the following is a severe burn in a 65-year-old patient?

The EMT administers a drug that is not approved by the medical director

Which of the following is an example of a rules-based medication error?

DuoDote Auto-Injector

Which of the following is an example of regional equipment or supplies?

MRSA

Which of the following is bacterium resistant to most antibiotics and causes skin abscesses?

Alzheimer dementia

Which of the following is considered an organic brain syndrome?

You may not have time to complete a secondary assessment.

Which of the following is correct about the secondary assessment for a high-priority patient?

Aortic rupture

Which of the following is most likely to cause immediate death?

A motor vehicle crash with two critically injured patients and two ambulances

Which of the following is probably NOT a multiple-casualty incident?

Medical direction approval

Which of the following is required for an EMT to administer a drug to a patient?

Long backboard

Which of the following is the MOST appropriate device to use when immobilizing a patient with a suspected spinal injury?

Adequate rise of the chest when squeezing the bag

Which of the following is the MOST reliable indicator of adequately performed bag-valve mask ventilations in an apneic adult with a pulse?

Decompression of the injured side of the chest

Which of the following is the ONLY action that can prevent eventual death from a tension pneumothorax?

Injury to the kidneys usually indicates injury to other organs

Which of the following is true regarding injury to the kidneys?

low-flow oxygen

Which of the following may help reduce your patient's nausea?

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

Which of the following medications blocks the release of histamines?

Displaced fracture

Which of the following musculoskeletal injuries would MOST likely result in deformity?

Pelvic fracture with hypotension

Which of the following musculoskeletal injuries would pose the greatest threat to a patient's life?

lung sounds

Which of the following must be assessed in every respiratory patient?

abrasion

Which of the following open soft-tissue injuries is limited to the superficial layer of the skin and results in the least amount of blood loss?

pancreas

Which of the following organs lies in the retroperitoneal space?

Liver

Which of the following organs would MOST likely bleed profusely when injured?

Pediatric patients

Which of the following patient populations typically require a modified drug dose?

68-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes

Which of the following patients is at greatest risk for complications caused by the influenza virus?

A conscious male with respirations of 19 breaths/min and pink skin

Which of the following patients is breathing adequately?

The immune system releases histamines, which cause vasodilation and increased capillary permeability, resulting in local redness and swelling.

Which of the following processes occurs during the inflammation phase of the healing process?

"Have you had a sonogram?"

Which of the following questions is of LEAST pertinence when determining whether a mother will deliver her baby within the next few minutes?

Why was the substance ingested?

Which of the following questions would be LEAST pertinent during the initial questioning of a patient who ingested a substance?

Tightness in the chest or throat

Which of the following signs/symptoms are indicative of respiratory involvement of an allergic reaction?

Stridor

Which of the following sounds indicates swelling of the upper airway?

air splint

Which of the following splinting devices would be MOST appropriate to use for a patient who has an open fracture of the forearm with external bleeding?

It is difficult to prove actions were performed if they are not included on the report.

Which of the following statements about the patient care report is correct?

"General impression revealed that the patient was intoxicated."

Which of the following statements is NOT appropriate to document in the narrative section of a PCR?

There is no vaccine against HIV infection

Which of the following statements regarding HIV is correct?

It is a constantly open line of communication that cannot be accessed by outside users

Which of the following statements regarding a "dedicated line" is correct?

A mentally competent adult has the legal right to refuse EMS care and transport.

Which of the following statements regarding a patient refusal is correct?

The protruding organs should be kept warm and moist

Which of the following statements regarding abdominal eviscerations is correct?

An emergency move is performed before the primary assessment and treatment

Which of the following statements regarding an emergency patient move is correct?

They usually originate from the septum area and bleed slowly

Which of the following statements regarding anterior nosebleeds is correct?

Most cases of autism are diagnosed by 3 years of age

Which of the following statements regarding autism is correct?

Solid organs are relatively protected from shock wave injury but may be injured during the secondary or tertiary blast phase.

Which of the following statements regarding blast injuries is correct?

Patients breathing shallowly may require assisted ventilation despite a normal respiratory rate

Which of the following statements regarding breathing adequacy is correct?

Compartment syndrome typically develops within 6 to 12 hours after an injury

Which of the following statements regarding compartment syndrome is correct?

Compromised arterial blood flow leads to crush syndrome and can occur when an area of the body is trapped for longer than 4 hours.

Which of the following statements regarding crush syndrome is correct?

Patients who miss a dialysis treatment often present with weakness

Which of the following statements regarding dialysis is correct?

Glucose is a simple sugar that is readily absorbed by the bloodstream

Which of the following statements regarding glucose is correct?

The brain requires glucose as much as it requires oxygen

Which of the following statements regarding glucose is correct?

The speed of a bullet has the greatest impact on the injury produced

Which of the following statements regarding gunshot wounds is correct?

Patients with hemophilia may bleed spontaneously

Which of the following statements regarding hemophilia is correct?

Communication with the patient's caregiver or family members is important because they are the most familiar with the patient's condition.

Which of the following statements regarding interaction with the caregiver of a child or adult with special health care needs is correct?

Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse across the alveolar walls and capillaries.

Which of the following statements regarding normal gas exchange in the lungs is correct?

Parenteral medications are absorbed more quickly than enteral medications

Which of the following statements regarding parenteral medications is correct?

The majority of a horizontal patient's weight is in the torso.

Which of the following statements regarding patient weight distribution is correct?

conduction

`When a warm hand is immersed in water that is 70°F (21°C), heat is transferred from the hand to the water through a process called:

air enters the pleural space from outside the body

An open pneumothorax occurs when:

the removal of fluid from around the heart.

The term "pericardiocentesis" means

To transport a mature egg to the uterus

What is the function of the fallopian tubes?

cartilage

"Chondro" in the word chondritis means:

stomach

"Gastro" in the word "gastroenteritis" means:

muscle

"Myo" in the word myocarditis means:

respiratory patients

"PASTE" is an alternate assessment tool for ___________.

transport her to the emergency department

A 4-year-old female has a peanut lodged in the external auditory canal of her right ear. You should:

begin CPR until an AED is available

A 60-year-old man is found to be unresponsive, pulseless, and apneic. You should:

remove the battery from the monitor and then remove the vest

A patient in cardiac arrest is wearing an external defibrillator vest, which is interfering with effective chest compressions. The EMT should:

assist his ventilations with high-flow oxygen

After eating at a local restaurant, a 20-year-old male complains of blurred vision, difficulty speaking, and difficulty breathing. He is conscious; however, his respirations are profoundly labored and producing minimal tidal volume. You should:

noninvasive emergency care that is used to treat conditions such as airway obstruction, respiratory arrest, and cardiac arrest

Basic life support (BLS) is defined as:

prone

CPR will NOT be effective if the patient is:

right atrium

Deoxygenated blood from the body returns to the:

avoiding routes with heavy traffic congestion, assuming that other drivers will not see you, avoiding one-way streets whenever possible

General guidelines for safe ambulance driving include all of the following:

seizures and cardiac arrhythmias

In an apparent suicide attempt, a 19-year-old female ingested a full bottle of amitriptyline (Elavil). At present, she is conscious and alert and states that she swallowed the pills approximately 30 minutes earlier. Her blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg, her pulse is 140 beats/min and irregular, and her respirations are 22 breaths/min with adequate depth. When transporting this patient, you should be MOST alert for:

becomes engorged with blood.

In anticipation of receiving a fertilized ovum, the lining of the uterine wall:

Immediately write down your observations of the scene before assessing the patient., Call for a female EMT or ALS care provider, Discuss with law enforcement any suspicions that you may have about the perpetrator

In cases of sexual assault, it is important to ensure that you do which of the following?

can cause paralysis and cardiorespiratory collapse

In contrast to Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever:

tachypnea

Patients with chest injuries will often present with _______.

80 and 120 mg/dL

The normal blood glucose level is between:

ventilation

The physical act of moving air into and out of the lungs is called:

limited to a brief survey for life-threatening injuries

The physical examination of a sexual assault victim should be:

all the patients have been triaged

Treatment and transport priorities at the scene of a mass-casualty incident should be determined after:

Shortness of breath and a blood pressure of 76/56 mm Hg

Treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) would MOST likely be contraindicated in which of the following situations?

100lb

Trench collapses usually involve large areas of falling dirt that weigh approximately _______ per cubic foot.

As a bridge to heart transplantation while a donor heart is being located

Under what circumstances is a left ventricular assist device used?

position the ambulance upwind.

When arriving at the scene of an overturned tractor-trailer rig, you note that a green cloud is being emitted from the crashed vehicle. The driver is still in the truck; he is conscious but bleeding profusely from the head. After notifying the hazardous materials team, you should:

talk to the child, not just the caregiver.

When assessing an 8-year-old child, you should:

place the wheeled stretcher at the bottom of the stairs and carry the patient down the stairs with a stair chair

When moving a conscious, weak patient down a flight of stairs, you should:

with one or two hands

When performing CPR on a child, you should compress the chest:

DCAP-BTLS

When performing a full body scan, you should assess for ________.

exercise reasonable care and act prudently.

When performing his or her duties, the EMT is generally expected to:

A Level I or Level II trauma center

Which of the following destinations is most appropriate for a 41-year-old male patient who was involved in a rollover motor vehicle collision and is unconscious and unresponsive, assuming that travel times to each is equal?

Rohypnol

Which of the following drugs is commonly referred to as "roofies"?

extrication

Which of the following duties or responsibilities does NOT fall within the realm of the medical branch of the incident command system?

Consistency in the method of injury reported by the caregiver

Which of the following findings is LEAST suggestive of child abuse?

An EMT becomes distracted at the scene of a motor vehicle crash involving the same type of car in which a child was previously killed

Which of the following scenarios MOST accurately depicts a posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) reaction?

A 61-year-old female who is unconscious with facial cyanosis

Which of the following scenarios does NOT involve the presence of any symptoms?

BP, 200/100 mm Hg; pulse, 150 beats/min

Which of the following sets of vital signs would the EMT MOST likely encounter in a patient with acute cocaine overdose?

dependent edema

Which of the following signs is commonly observed in patients with right-sided heart failure?

They are preparing for retirement but must still manage everyday financial demands

Why do middle adults commonly experience financial concerns?

EMTs respond to patients who, by definition, are having an emergency

Why might EMTs encounter a larger proportion of violent patients than the population at large?

area of soft-tissue damage surrounding the injury.

With regard to musculoskeletal injuries, the zone of injury is defined as the:

deteriorate over time

Without practice, your CPR skills will __________.

tuberculosis

You are attending to a 54-year-old female patient in a homeless shelter. The patient tells you that she had the flu a couple of weeks ago, and she has not gotten over it. She has been tired and keeps waking up at night, sweating. She has been coughing up green sputum occasionally and has been experiencing episodes of chest pain that get worse when she breathes. Based on this information, your patient is most likely suffering from:

confirm the patient identity and then confirm the DNR by calling the MedicAlert Foundation number on the bracelet

You are called to attend to an elderly patient with an extensive medical history who is now in cardiac arrest. The patient's family tells you that the patient has a DNR order. There is no paperwork available but the patient does have a MedicAlert bracelet indicating Do Not Resuscitate. You should:

The receiving nurse or doctor

You are caring for a driver who struck a light pole. She admits to drinking alcohol but orders you not to tell anyone. You should report the information to

seal the mouth and nose

You are ventilating a patient with a stoma; however, air is escaping from the mouth and nose. To prevent this, you should:

cholecystitis

Your patient complains of abdominal pain that occurs mostly at night or after eating fatty foods. You should suspect ____________.

keep her knee flexed and secure it with padded board splints

A 17-year-old female dislocated her patella while playing soccer. Her knee is flexed and she complains of severe pain. You should:

direct your partner to begin ventilatory assistance

A 19-year-old female has just been extricated from her severely damaged car. She is on a long backboard and has been moved to a place of safety. As your partner maintains manual stabilization of her head, you perform a rapid assessment. The patient is unresponsive, has slow and shallow respirations, and has bilaterally closed femur deformities. You should:

remove the airway and be prepared to suction her oropharynx

A 19-year-old female is found unconscious by her roommate. Your primary assessment reveals that her breathing is inadequate. As you insert an oropharyngeal airway, she begins to gag violently. You should:

administer oxygen and transport her to the hospital

A 19-year-old female was stung multiple times on the legs by fire ants. She states that she is allergic to fire ants, but does not carry her own epinephrine. The patient is conscious and alert and complains of pain to the area of the bites. Her blood pressure is 122/70 mm Hg, her pulse is 100 beats/min and strong, and her respirations are 18 breaths/min and unlabored. You should:

cool the child with tepid water and transport to the hospital

A 2-year-old female has experienced a seizure. When you arrive at the scene, the child is conscious, crying, and clinging to her mother. Her skin is hot and moist. The mother tells you that the seizure lasted approximately 5 minutes. She further tells you that her daughter has no history of seizures, but has had a recent ear infection. You should:

apply a tourniquet proximal to the wrist

A 20-year-old male has a large laceration to his wrist. He is holding a blood-soaked towel over the wound, but it continues to bleed rapidly. You should:

18%

A 21-year-old male was working in an auto repair shop and sustained radiator burns to the anterior aspect of both arms and to his anterior chest. According to the rule of nines, this patient has burns that cover _____ of his BSA.

stabilize her head and perform a primary assessment

A 22-year-old female was ejected from her car after striking a tree head-on. As you approach her, you note obvious closed deformities to both of her femurs. She is not moving and does not appear to be conscious. You should:

Rapid transport to a trauma center

A 25-year-old unrestrained female struck the steering wheel with her chest when her car hit a tree while traveling at a high rate of speed. She has signs and symptoms of shock, which you suspect are the result of intrathoracic bleeding. Which of the following interventions will provide this patient with the greatest chance for survival?

administer high-flow oxygen, place a sterile pad over her vagina, keep her warm, elevate her lower extremities, and transport without delay

A 26-year-old female presents with heavy vaginal bleeding. She is conscious, but restless. Her blood pressure is 84/54 mm Hg, her pulse is 120 beats/min and weak, and her respirations are 22 breaths/min with adequate depth. She tells you that she inserted a tampon about 2 hours ago. You should:

place her on her side, administer high-flow oxygen, and transport.

A 26-year-old female who is 34 weeks pregnant is experiencing a seizure. Her husband tells you that her blood pressure has been high and that she had been complaining of a headache for the past few days. You should:

prepare for immediate transport

A 28-year-old male was struck in the chest with a baseball bat during an altercation. He is conscious and alert and complains of severe chest pain. Your assessment reveals a large area of ecchymosis over the sternum and a rapid, irregular pulse. In addition to providing supplemental oxygen, you should:

Mallory-Weiss tear

A 29-year-old pregnant woman has had severe vomiting for the last 2 days. Today, she is vomiting large amounts of blood. Her skin is cool and pale and she is tachycardic. The EMT should suspect:

conjunctivitis

A 30-year-old female presents with redness, inflammation, and pain to her left eye. During your assessment, you note that she is having difficulty keeping her eyes open. You should suspect that she is experiencing:

He is currently not prescribed any medications

A 30-year-old male experienced a generalized (tonic-clonic) seizure, which stopped before you arrived at the scene. The patient is conscious, is answering your questions appropriately, and refuses EMS transport. Which of the following would be the MOST compelling reason to disagree with his refusal of transport?

epinephrine

A 30-year-old male presents with acute shortness of breath, widespread hives, and facial swelling. He denies any past medical history and takes no medications. During your assessment, you hear wheezing over all the lung fields. His blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg and his heart rate is 110 beats/min. In addition to giving him high-flow oxygen, the MOST important treatment for this patient is:

assess for a carotid pulse for up to 60 seconds.

A 30-year-old male was rescued after being lost in the woods for approximately 18 hours. The outside temperature is 30°F (-1°C). He is immediately placed in the warmed ambulance, where you perform a primary assessment. He is unresponsive, pale, and apneic. You should:

protect her airway from aspiration

A 30-year-old woman with a history of alcoholism presents with severe upper abdominal pain and is vomiting large amounts of bright red blood. Her skin is cool, pale, and clammy; her heart rate is 120 beats/min and weak; and her blood pressure is 70/50 mm Hg. Your MOST immediate action should be to:

reassess the patient and document her response to the medication

A 31-year-old female is experiencing an acute asthma attack. She is conscious and alert, but in obvious respiratory distress. After assisting her with her prescribed MDI, you should:

supine positioning, splinting the leg, and transporting.

A 31-year-old male was bitten on the leg by an unidentified snake. The patient is conscious and alert and in no apparent distress. Your assessment of his leg reveals two small puncture marks with minimal pain and swelling. In addition to administering oxygen and providing reassurance, further care for this patient should include:

Cover it with moist, sterile gauze and secure with an occlusive dressing

A 33-year-old male sustained an abdominal evisceration to the left lower quadrant of his abdomen after he was cut with a large knife. After appropriately managing his ABCs and assessing him for other life-threatening injuries, how you should care for his wound?

immobilize him with a vest-style device

A 33-year-old restrained driver of a motor vehicle crash is awake and alert, complaining only of neck pain and left leg pain. The vehicle is stable and no hazards are present. When removing this patient from his vehicle, you should:

irreversible renal failure

A 37-year-old female with a history of diabetes presents with excessive urination and weakness of 2 days' duration. Her blood glucose level reads 320 mg/dL. If this patient's condition is not promptly treated, she will MOST likely develop:

Administer oxygen, transport at once, and request a paramedic intercept

A 37-year-old male is having a severe allergic reaction to penicillin. He does not have an epinephrine auto-injector and your protocols do not allow you to carry epinephrine on the ambulance. How should you proceed with the treatment of this patient?

restrain the patient with appropriate force in order to treat his injuries

A 38-year-old male with a history of schizophrenia is reported by neighbors to be screaming and throwing things in his house. You are familiar with the patient and have cared for him in the past for unrelated problems. Law enforcement officers escort you into the residence when you arrive. The patient tells you that he sees vampires and is attempting to ward them off by screaming and throwing things at them. He has several large lacerations to his forearms that are actively bleeding. The MOST appropriate way to manage this situation is to:

apply direct pressure to the wound

A 39-year-old male sustained a stab wound to the groin during an altercation at a bar. As you approach the patient, you note that he is conscious. He is screaming in pain and is attempting to control the bleeding, which is bright red and spurting from his groin area. You should:

administer high-flow oxygen.

A 39-year-old male was struck in the head by a baseball during a game. He is confused and has slurred speech. He has a large hematoma in the center of his forehead and cannot remember the events preceding the injury. After manually stabilizing his head and assessing his airway, you should:

ask the father to hold the child so you can assess him while your partner tries to calm the mother

A 4-year-old boy had an apparent seizure. He is conscious and calm and is sitting on his mother's lap. His father is sitting in a nearby chair. The child's mother suddenly begins crying uncontrollably, which causes the child to start crying. You should:

calmly identify yourself to the patient

A 40-year-old male intentionally cut his wrist out of anger after losing his job. Law enforcement has secured the scene prior to your arrival. As you enter the residence and visualize the patient, you can see that he has a towel around his wrist and a moderate amount of blood has soaked through it. You should:

pinching the patient's nostrils and having him lean forward

A 43-year-old man is experiencing a severe nosebleed. His blood pressure is 190/110 mm Hg and his heart rate is 90 beats/min and bounding. Preferred treatment for this patient includes:

be alert for signs and symptoms of shock

A 47-year-old male presents with severe abdominal pain of 3 hours' duration. His abdomen is distended and guarded. Your MOST important consideration for this patient should be to:

assess the adequacy of his respirations.

A 49-year-old male presents with an acute onset of crushing chest pain and diaphoresis. You should:

delirium tremens

A 49-year-old male presents with confusion, sweating, and visual hallucinations. The patient's wife tells you that he is a heavy drinker and she thinks he had a seizure shortly before your arrival. This patient is MOST likely experiencing:

Blood pressure of 70/40 mm Hg

A 5-year-old child has had severe vomiting and diarrhea for 4 days. Which of the following assessment findings would be the MOST indicative of decompensated shock?

fully immobilize her spine, attempt to locate the dislodged teeth, suction as needed, and transport

A 52-year-old unrestrained female struck the steering wheel with her face when her truck collided with another vehicle. She has obvious swelling to her face and several dislodged teeth. A visual exam of her mouth reveals minimal bleeding. She is conscious and alert with a blood pressure of 130/80 mm Hg, a pulse of 110 beats/min, and respirations of 22 breaths/min with adequate tidal volume. You should:

control the bleeding and cover the wound with a sterile dressing

A 54-year-old male accidentally shot himself in the leg while cleaning his gun. Your assessment reveals a small entrance wound to the medial aspect of his right leg. The exit wound is on the opposite side of the leg and is actively bleeding. The patient complains of numbness and tingling in his right foot. You should:

applying direct pressure with a dry, sterile dressing

A 54-year-old male experienced an avulsion to his penis when his foreskin got caught in the zipper of his pants. He was able to unzip his pants and remove the foreskin prior to your arrival. Your assessment reveals that he is in severe pain and that the avulsion is bleeding moderately. The MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes

axial loading

A man jumped from the roof of his house and landed on his feet. He complains of pain to his heels, knees, and lower back. This mechanism of injury is an example of:

replace the avulsed flap to its original position and cover it with a sterile dressing

A 56-year-old male has an incomplete avulsion to his right forearm. After controlling any bleeding from the wound, you should:

administer oxygen and prepare for immediate transport

A 59-year-old male presents with sudden-onset severe lower back pain. He is conscious and alert, but very restless and diaphoretic. Your assessment reveals a pulsating mass to the left of his umbilicus. You should:

Spontaneous pneumothorax

A 59-year-old male with a history of emphysema complains of an acute worsening of his dyspnea and pleuritic chest pain following a forceful cough. Your assessment reveals that he has a barrel-shaped chest, unilaterally diminished breath sounds, and tachycardia. What is the MOST likely cause of this patient's condition?

rapidly transporting her to the hospital

A 6-year-old female was riding her bicycle and struck a clothesline with her throat. She is breathing, but with obvious difficulty. Your assessment reveals a crackling sensation in the soft tissues of her neck and facial cyanosis. In addition to the appropriate airway management, the intervention that will MOST likely improve her chance of survival is:

assist him with his nitroglycerin unless his systolic blood pressure is less than 100 mm Hg.

A 62-year-old male is seen with crushing chest pain, which he describes as being the same kind of pain that he had with a previous heart attack. He has prescribed nitroglycerin but states that he has not taken any. After administering supplemental oxygen if needed and contacting medical control, you should:

administer oxygen, give her 324 mg of aspirin, and assess her further

A 66-year-old female with a history of hypertension and diabetes presents with substernal chest pressure of 2 hours' duration. Her blood pressure is 140/90 mm Hg, her pulse is 100 beats/min and irregular, her respirations are 22 breaths/min, and her oxygen saturation is 92%. The patient does not have prescribed nitroglycerin, but her husband does. You should:

pulmonary embolism

A 66-year-old woman experienced a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. She has a history of type 2 diabetes and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). On the basis of her medical history, which of the following should the EMT suspect?

gastrointestinal bleeding

A 67-year-old male presents with weakness, dizziness, and melena that began approximately 2 days ago. He denies a history of trauma. His blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg and his pulse is 120 beats/min and thready. You should be MOST suspicious that this patient is experiencing:

try repositioning the hearing aid or remove it and turn down the volume

A 70-year-old male complains of shortness of breath. During your assessment, you note that he has bilateral hearing aids. When you ask him questions related to his chief complaint, he does not answer you. You can hear a whistling sound coming from his hearing aids. You should:

a heart attack

A 75-year-old male with type 1 diabetes presents with chest pain and a general feeling of weakness. He tells you that he took his insulin today and ate a regular meal approximately 2 hours ago. You should treat this patient as though he is experiencing:

the patient is experiencing delirious behavior, which suggests a new health problem

A 77-year-old female presents with an acute onset of altered mental status. Her son is present and advises that she has a history of hypertension, atrial fibrillation, type 2 diabetes, and glaucoma. He further advises that she takes numerous medications and that she is normally alert. When you assess this patient, it is important to note that:

activities of daily living, behavior that is acceptable to the community, dressing, eating or bathing

A behavioral crisis interferes with which of the following?

a superficial burn

A burn that is characterized by redness and pain is classified as a:

heat

A by-product of involuntary muscle contraction and relaxation is:

contusion

A closed soft-tissue injury characterized by swelling and ecchymosis is called a(n):

is excessively thirsty

A diabetic patient has polydipsia. This means that she:

the inner layers of the aorta become separated

A dissecting aortic aneurysm occurs when:

irrigate both eyes continuously for 20 minutes with plain water

A factory worker was splashed in the eyes with a strong acid chemical. He complains of intense pain and blurred vision. Your ambulance does not carry bottles of sterile saline or water. You should:

a segment of the chest wall is detached from the thoracic cage

A flail chest occurs when:

break in the continuity of the bone.

A fracture is MOST accurately defined as a(n):

at a distance when the patient is first seen

A general impression of the patient is formed by an EMT:

an ectopic pregnancy.

A history of pelvic inflammatory disease or tubal ligations increases a woman's risk for:

pulmonary contusion

A man called EMS 12 hours after injuring his chest. Your assessment reveals a flail segment to the right side of the chest. The patient is experiencing respiratory distress and his oxygen saturation is 78%. His breath sounds are equal bilaterally and his jugular veins are normal. You should suspect:

open and maintain her airway and assess breathing

A man finds his 59-year-old wife unconscious on the couch. He states that she takes medications for type 2 diabetes. He further tells you that his wife has been ill recently and has not eaten for the past 24 hours. Your assessment reveals that the patient is unresponsive. You should:

Carbon monoxide poisoning

A man was found unresponsive in his bed at home. There is no evidence of injury and the patient's medical history is not known. The patient's face is cyanotic, yet the pulse oximeter reads 98%. Which of the following would MOST likely explain this?

use weighted cones to mark all four corners of the LZ.

A medical transport helicopter is incoming and you are responsible for setting up the landing zone (LZ). You should:

16 hours

A mother who is pregnant with her first baby is typically in the first stage of labor for approximately:

90 and 140 mm Hg

A normal systolic blood pressure for a 30-year-old is between:

is wrapped around the baby's neck

A nuchal cord is defined as an umbilical cord that:

pressure waves through the arteries caused by cardiac contraction.

A palpable pulse is created by:

ventricular contraction

A patient has a blood pressure of 130/70 mm Hg. The "130" in this measurement represents:

obstructive

A patient has a large accumulation of blood in the sac surrounding the heart. Which type of shock would this condition cause?

Acute myocardial infarction

A patient tells you that he has a left ventricular assist device (LVAD). Which of the following conditions should you suspect that he has experienced?

has bleeding within the brain

A patient who is possibly experiencing a stroke is NOT eligible for thrombolytic (fibrinolytic) therapy if he or she:

nonrebreathing mask

A patient who is suspected of being hypoxic and is breathing adequately should be given supplemental oxygen with a:

dysarthria

A patient whose speech is slurred and difficult to understand is experiencing:

3

A patient with a head injury presents with abnormal flexion of his extremities. What numeric value should you assign to him for motor response?

not thinking clearly or is incapable of being aroused

A patient with an altered mental status is:

diabetic ketoacidosis

A patient with an altered mental status; high blood glucose levels; and deep, rapid breathing may have a condition known as __________.

the lumen of the coronary artery is narrowed and cannot accommodate increased blood flow

A patient with atherosclerotic heart disease experiences chest pain during exertion because:

pale, cool, and clammy skin

A patient with hypoglycemia will often present with which of the following signs/symptoms?

abdominal pain associated with menstruation

A patient with pelvic inflammatory disease will typically complain of _________

30% or more

A person is said to be obese when he or she is ________ over his or her ideal weight.

tolerance

A person who routinely misuses a substance and requires increasing amounts to achieve the same effect is experiencing:

fluid accumulation outside the lung

A pleural effusion is MOST accurately defined as:

pregnant patients have an overall increase in blood volume

A pregnant trauma patient may lose a significant amount of blood before showing signs of shock because:

is commonly caused by blunt chest trauma

A simple pneumothorax:

advance directive

A specific legal document that directs relatives and caregivers regarding the medical treatment that may be given to patients who cannot speak for themselves is called a(n):

paralysis of the intercostal muscles.

A spinal cord injury at the level of C7 would MOST likely result in:

has exceeded an effective span of control and should divide tasks and delegate the supervision of some tasks to another person.

A supervisor who has more than seven people reporting to him or her:

distal humerus

A supracondylar or intercondylar fracture is also known as a fracture of the:

colostomy

A surgical procedure that creates an opening between the intestine and the surface of the body that allows for elimination of waste products is called a(n):

it interferes with your assessment of the airway

A tight-fitting motorcycle helmet should be left in place unless:

I

A type _____ ambulance features a conventional, truck cab-chassis with a modular ambulance body that can be transferred to a newer chassis as needed.

croup

A viral infection that may cause obstruction of the upper airway in a child is called:

kidney

A young female presents with costovertebral angle tenderness. She is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. Which of the following organs is MOST likely causing her pain?

suspension

Activated charcoal is an example of a(n):

assess for an exit wound

A young male sustained a gunshot wound to the abdomen during an altercation. As your partner is assessing and managing his airway, you should control the obvious bleeding and then:

assist the patient's ventilations

A young male was shot in the abdomen by an unknown type of gun. He is semiconscious, has shallow breathing, and is bleeding externally from the wound. As you control the external bleeding, your partner should:

binds to the substance and prevents absorption

Activated charcoal is given to patients who have ingested certain substances because it:

ibuprofen

Advil, Nuprin, and Motrin are trade names for the generic medication:

infection

Abdominal pain, vomiting, and fever are most likely due to _______.

Check the mechanical ventilator for malfunction

According to the "E" in the DOPE mnemonic, which of the following actions should you perform to troubleshoot inadequate ventilation in a patient with a tracheostomy tube?

has a GCS score of less than or equal to 13 with a mechanism attributed to trauma

According to the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma (ACS-COT), an adult trauma patient should be transported to the highest level of trauma center if he or she:

traffic conditions hamper the ability to get the patient to a trauma center by ground within the ideal time frame for the best clinical outcome.

According to the Association of Air Medical Services, you should consider air medical transport of a trauma patient if:

all health care facilities must provide a medical assessment and required treatment, regardless of the patient's ability to pay.

According to the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA):

assess for bilateral radial pulses

According to the START triage system, what should you do if a patient is found to have a respiratory rate of 24 breaths/min?

monitor her closely but recall that anxiety and tachycardia are side effects of epinephrine

After administering 0.3 mg of epinephrine via auto-injector to a 22-year-old woman with an allergic reaction, you note improvement in her breathing and dissipation of her hives. However, she is still anxious and tachycardic. You should:

hemostasis

After applying a tourniquet, the injury from a patient's leg stops bleeding. This is called:

the total number of patients that have been triaged, recommendations for movement to the treatment area, the number of patients in each triage category

After primary triage, the triage supervisor should communicate all of the following information to the medical branch officer:

take standard precautions

After sizing up the scene of a patient with a possible infectious disease, your next priority should be to:

side effect

After taking diphenhydramine (Benadryl) for an allergic reaction, a person begins experiencing drowsiness and a dry mouth. These findings are an example of a(n):

immediately resume CPR

After the AED has delivered a shock, the EMT should:

stomach, bladder, ureters

All of the following are hollow abdominal organs:

phosgene oxime, lewisite, sulfur mustard

All of the following are vesicant agents

frostbite

All of the following terms refer to a body part that is cold but not frozen, EXCEPT:

evidence based research

American Heart Association protocols are based on

report the incident to the appropriate authorities

An 8-year-old male was bitten by a stray dog. He has a large laceration to the back of his left hand, which your partner covered with a sterile dressing and bandage. In addition to transporting the child to the hospital, you should:

a systemic infection

An 84-year-old male fell a week ago and has been bedridden since then. Today, he presents with an altered mental status. His skin is pale and cold and his respirations are rapid and shallow. The EMT should suspect:

back is bent forward at the hips.

An EMT may injure his or her back, even if it is straight, if the:

is often the result of hypertension and atherosclerosis.

An abdominal aortic aneurysm:

single-issue group

An attack on an abortion clinic would MOST likely be carried out by a(n):

airway, breathing, and circulation.

An elderly patient has fallen and hit her head. Your initial care should focus on:

provide emotional support en route to the hospital.

An important aspect in the treatment of a patient with severe abdominal pain is to:

a rapid deterioration of neurologic signs

An indicator of an expanding intracranial hematoma or rapidly progressing brain swelling is:

absent urine output

An infant with severe dehydration would be expected to present with:

blood pressure directly corresponds to body weight

An infant's blood pressure typically increases with age because:

a medical condition caused by the growth and spread of small, harmful organisms within the body

An infectious disease is MOST accurately defined as:

Opens eyes in response to pain, uses inappropriate words, withdraws from pain

An injured patient is assigned a total score of 9 on the GCS. He is assigned a score of 2 for eye opening, a score of 3 for verbal response, and a score of 4 for motor response. Which of the following clinical findings is consistent with his GCS score?

prone

An intoxicated 40-year-old male is found lying face down. How would you document his body's position?

the overlying skin is no longer intact

An open fracture is MOST accurately defined as a fracture in which:

secretions can build up in and around the tube

Because a tracheostomy tube bypasses the nose and mouth

attempt to differentiate between chronic and acute problems

Because of the complexity of the older patient and the vagueness of his or her complaint, you should:

prompt transport to the hospital is essential

Because the depth of an open abdominal wound is often difficult to determine:

allow full chest recoil

Between each chest compression, you should __________.

gallbladder

Bile is produced by the liver and concentrated and stored in the:

direct pressure using dry, sterile dressings

Bleeding from soft-tissue injuries to the face is MOST effectively controlled with:

renal insufficiency

Blood levels of medications may rise in the elderly, sometimes to toxic levels. This is MOST likely due to:

superficial

Burns associated with lightning strikes are typically:

scalding water in a bathtub, hot items on stovetop, exposure to caustic chemicals

Burns in children are commonly caused by all of the following:

pediatric patients have more surface area relative to total body mass

Burns to pediatric patients are generally considered more serious than burns to adults because:

belly button

By the 20th week of pregnancy, the uterus is typically at or above the level of the mother's:

air passing through fluid

Crackles (rales) are caused by _________.

positive indicators of a fracture

Crepitus and false motion are:

Pressure was relieved from her aorta and vena cava, which improved chest compression effectiveness.

CPR is in progress on a pregnant woman. Shortly after manually displacing her uterus to the left, return of spontaneous circulation occurs. Which of the following would MOST likely explain this?

involves hands-on practice

CPR retraining is the MOST effective when it:

a valid living will is unavailable

CPR should be initiated when:

Apply high-flow oxygen therapy, place the patient in a shock position, and help maintain the patient's body temperature

Care for a victim of an immunologic emergency who is severely hypotensive should include which of the following?

ectopic pregnancy, vaginal trauma, spontaneous abortion

Causes of vaginal bleeding include which of the following?

body

Cerebral palsy is characterized by poorly controlled ________ movement.

their intercostal muscles are not developed

Children are often "belly breathers" because _______.

1-3 years

Children of which age group are considered toddlers?

perfusion

Circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells' oxygen, nutritional, and waste-removal needs is termed _______.

cool, clammy skin; weakness; tachycardia; and rapid respirations

Classic signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia include:

blunt trauma

Closed chest injuries are typically caused by _______

cataracts

Clouding of the lenses of the eyes is called:

an acute onset of dementia

Common causes of depression in the elderly include all of the following, EXCEPT:

assessment by the EMT

Common factors that influence how a patient reacts to the stress of an illness or injury include all of the following, EXCEPT:

positive-pressure ventilations

Common interventions used to stimulate spontaneous respirations in the newborn include all of the following, EXCEPT

hazardous materials gear

Common safety equipment carried on the ambulance includes all of the following, EXCEPT:

a rapid, thready pulse

Common signs and symptoms of a serious head injury include all of the following, EXCEPT:

hot, dry skin

Common signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Improperly placed lab belt

Compression injury is most likely due to which of the following?

a secondary explosive device may detonate

Continual reassessment of the scene at a suspected terrorist or weapon of mass destruction incident is MOST important because:

diaphragm

Difficulty breathing and a sunken appearance of the anterior abdominal wall is MOST indicative of a ruptured

widespread dilation of the blood vessels causes blood to pool in the vascular beds

Distributive shock occurs when:

a triplication of chromosome 21.

Down syndrome is a genetic defect that occurs as the result of:

death from suffocation after submersion in water

Drowning is MOST accurately defined as:

before exiting the ambulance and before actual patient contact.

During an EMS call, you should take standard precautions:

The amount of time since of the patent's last menstrual cycle, The possibility that the patient may be pregnant, If the patient is sexually active

During gynecologic emergencies, in addition to the standard SAMPLE questions, the EMT should attempt to determine which of the following?

a decreased ability to cough

During the natural process of aging, the number of functional cilia in the respiratory system decreases, resulting in:

ensure a patent airway and support ventilation as needed

During the primary assessment of a semiconscious 70-year-old female, you should:

converse with the patient and provide reassurance

During the transport phase of an ambulance call, it is MOST important to:

he has hemophilia A

During your assessment of a 19-year-old male, you are told that he is being treated with factor VIII. This indicates that:

allow him time to think about the question and respond to it

During your assessment of a 20-year-old man with a severe headache and nausea, you ask him when his headache began, but he does not answer your question immediately. You should:

apply gentle manual traction in line with the limb and reassess for a pulse.

During your assessment of a 29-year-old female with significant deformity to her left elbow, you are unable to palpate a radial pulse. Your transport time to the hospital is approximately 40 minutes. You should:

shotgun

During your assessment of a patient who was shot in the abdomen, you notice a large entrance wound with multiple small puncture wounds surrounding it. This wound pattern is MOST consistent with a:

a lower airway obstruction

During your assessment of a patient with respiratory distress, you hear wheezing when listening to breath sounds. This indicates:

are in violation of HIPAA because you did not remove the PHI from the PCR beforehand

During your monthly internal quality improvement (QI) meeting, you review several patient care reports (PCRs) with the staff of your EMS system. You identify the patient's name, age, and sex, and then discuss the treatment that was provided by the EMTs in the field. By taking this approach to the QI process, you:

suction his oropharynx for up to 15 seconds

During your primary assessment of a 19-year-old unconscious male who experienced severe head trauma, you note that his respirations are rapid, irregular, and shallow. He has bloody secretions draining from his mouth and nose. You should:

stabilize the pelvis with a pelvic binder and protect the spine

During your secondary assessment of a 30-year-old male who fell 25 feet, you note crepitus when palpating his pelvis. Your partner advises you that the patient's blood pressure is 80/50 mm Hg and his heart rate is 120 beats/min and weak. After completing your assessment, you should:

Apply gentle pressure to the baby's head as it delivers

During your visual inspection of a 25-year-old woman in labor, you see the baby's head crowning at the vaginal opening. What should you do?

communicate effectively with other members of the health care team

EMTs should have a strong working knowledge of medical terminology in order to:

verbal and nonverbal communication techniques

Effective therapeutic communication skills require _________.

sympathetic

Epinephrine stimulates the ________ response, increasing blood pressure and relieving bronchospasm

atropine and pralidoxime chloride

Multiple people in a small town began experiencing abdominal cramps, excessive salivation and urination, and muscle twitching shortly after a small crop duster plane made several passes over the community. As you are assessing the patients, you further determine that most of them are bradycardic and have miosis. In addition to high-flow oxygen, the MOST appropriate treatment for these patients includes:

provide more consistent delivery of EMS care across the United States

National guidelines for EMS care are intended to

who have experienced a head injury

Nitroglycerin is contraindicated in patients:

injection

Of the four avenues of poisoning, generally ___________ is the most worrisome in terms of treatment to the EMS provider.

it causes a problem managing the airway

Once a cervical collar has been applied to a patient with a possible spinal injury, it should not be removed unless:

perform a primary assessment

Once entrance and access to the patient have been provided, you should:

phone or radio contact with the medical director

Online medical control requires

referred pain

Pain that may be perceived at a distant point on the surface of the body, such as the back or shoulder, is called:

blood vessels near the skin are constricted

Pale skin in a child indicates that the:

disease

Pathophysiology is the study of the functional changes that occur when the body reacts to a particular:

Pelvic inflammatory disease

Patient complaints of pain during intercourse, lower abdominal discomfort, and nausea may be indicative of which of the following?

fluid shifts from the bloodstream into body tissues

Peritonitis may result in shock because:

increase in fatty tissue, which leads to weight gain

Physical changes that typically occur in early adults include an:

give a general idea of the hazard inside that particular container

Placards and labels on a storage container are intended to:

may decrease the amount of blood that returns to the heart

Placing a pregnant patient in a supine position during the third trimester of pregnancy:

antidotes, antibiotics, and vaccines are distributed

Points of distribution (PODs) are strategically placed facilities where:

physical

Poor maintenance of home, poor personal care, and dietary neglect are all possible indicators of ____________ elder abuse.

EMS research

Prehospital patient care decisions should be based on __________.

dry the chest if it is wet

Prior to attaching the AED to a cardiac arrest patient, the EMT should:

ensuring the absence of a gag reflex

Proper procedure for administering oral glucose to a patient includes all of the following, EXCEPT:

cardiogenic shock

Pulmonary edema and impaired ventilation occur during:

decomposition of the body's tissues

Putrefaction is defined as:

requests sexual favors in exchange for something else

Quid pro quo, a type of sexual harassment, occurs when the harasser:

the reason why the patient called EMS.

Reassessment is performed to determine all of the following, EXCEPT:

termination phase

Returning the emergency unit to service is part of the _________.

family history

Risk factors for AMI that cannot be controlled include:

pneumonia

Sedentary behavior while healing from a hip fracture would MOST likely predispose the older patient to:

spinal column injury

Significant trauma to the face should increase the EMT's index of suspicion for a(n):

20%

Significant vital sign changes will occur if the typical adult acutely loses more than ______ of his or her total blood volume.

have chronic hypertension

Signs and symptoms of a hypertensive emergency would MOST likely be delayed in patients who:

carbon dioxide and water

The waste products of aerobic metabolism include:

that the baby's airway may be obstructed

The presence of meconium in the amniotic fluid indicates:

adsorption

The process of binding or sticking to a surface is called:

cleaning

The process of removing dirt, dust, blood, or other visible contaminants from a surface or equipment is called:

lift with your palms up

The proper technique for using the power grip is to:

prevent excess cerebrospinal fluid from accumulating in the brain

The purpose of a ventricular peritoneum shunt is to:

allow you to rapidly and visually form a general impression of the child

The purpose of the pediatric assessment triangle (PAT) is to:

60 to 90 seconds

The rapid exam of a patient that occurs following the primary assessment should take no longer than:

safely removing or diluting the poisonous substance

The recommended treatment for absorbed or contact poisons includes _________.

ensure that she is in a safe area, away from the scene

The rescue team is in the process of extricating a 40-year-old male from his truck. The patient's wife, who was uninjured in the crash, is calmly observing the extrication and asks you if her husband will be all right. You should:

normal

The respiratory rate of 30 breaths per minute in an infant is ________.

shrinkage of the brain

The risk of bleeding in the skull, which increases with age, is MOST directly related to:

black

The root "melan/o" means:

waterproofs the skin and keeps it supple.

The sebaceous glands produce sebum, a material that:

systolic blood pressure

The severity of bleeding should be based on all of the following findings, EXCEPT:

wash your hands in between patient contacts

The simplest, yet most effective method of preventing the spread of an infectious disease is to

scraped away from the skin

The stinger from a honeybee should be:

kyphosis

The stooped posture of some older people, which gives them a humpback appearance, is called:

disease

The suffix "-pathy" means:

just anterior to the tragus

The superficial temporal artery can be palpated:

the study of drugs and their actions on the body.

The term "pharmacology" is MOST accurately defined as:

freelancing

The term used when individual units or different organizations make independent, and often inefficient, decisions regarding an incident is called:

diaphragm

The thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominal cavity by the:

cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem

The three major parts of the brain are the:

medial

The topographic term used to describe the location of body parts that are closer toward the midline of the body is:

physical and psychological

The two basic categories of diagnosis that a physician will use for behavioral crises or psychiatric emergencies are ____________.

erythrocytes and leukocytes

The two main types of cells contained in blood are called _________.

patient's distance from the epicenter of the explosion

The type and severity of wounds sustained from incendiary and explosive devices primarily depend on the:

maxillae

The upper jawbones are called the:

at the feet

Unless he or she is critically ill or injured, you should generally begin your assessment of a toddler

often requires personnel to remain on scene for several days

Unlike a multiple-casualty incident, a natural disaster:

respond to antibiotics

Unlike viral agents, bacterial agents:

prepare the equipment to carry to the patient

Upon arrival at a search-and-rescue incident, the EMS crew should _________.

park at least 500 feet from the incident

Upon arrival at a trench rescue operation, you should _________.

immediately request additional resources

Upon arriving at the scene of a motor vehicle crash, you can see three patients, one who is entrapped in his car and two who have been ejected from their vehicle. You should:

direct your partner to apply manual in-line support of the patient's head.

Upon arriving at the scene of a motor vehicle crash, you find a single patient still seated in his car. There are no scene hazards. As you approach the vehicle, you note that the patient is semiconscious and has a large laceration to his forehead. You should:

put on high-visibility safety vests

Upon arriving at the scene of a motor vehicle crash, you note that two small cars collided head-on; the occupants are still in their vehicles. The fire department is in the process of stabilizing the vehicles and law enforcement personnel are directing traffic. After parking the ambulance at a safe distance, you and your partner should:

carefully assess the situation

Upon arriving at the scene of a possible hazardous materials (HazMat) incident involving several patients, you should:

women

Urinary tract infections are more common in ____________.

ureters

Urine is transported from the kidneys to the urinary bladder via the:

hives

Urticaria is the medical term for:

have been infected with hepatitis in the past

Vaccination against the hepatitis A virus is unnecessary if you:

animals or insects

Vector-borne transmission of an infectious organism occurs via:

Transport to an emergency department for evaluation

Victims of inhaled poisoning will require which of the following?

Heart, blood vessels, blood

What are the three components of the "perfusion triangle"?

The arteries contract to increase the blood pressure

What happens when blood volume is lost from the body?

The main area in which the EMS agency operates

What is an EMT's primary service area?

30:2

What is the correct compression-to-ventilation ratio for adult CPR?

Feeling "bad" or "depressed" means that you must be "sick."

What is the most common misconception surrounding mental illness?

Intramuscular

What is the route of administration for the EpiPen auto-injector?

jaw-thrust maneuver

What maneuver should be used to open the airway of an unresponsive patient with suspected trauma?

clotting, coagulation, vasoconstriction

What mechanism(s) does the body use to control bleeding?

Air moves primarily in the anatomic dead space and does not participate in pulmonary gas exchange

What occurs when a patient is breathing very rapidly and shallowly?

somatic

What part of the nervous system controls the body's voluntary activities?

Follow the agency's written protocols

What should an EMT do to limit errors in the field?

age of the child and the size of the car that struck him or her

When a child is struck by a car, the area of greatest injury depends MOSTLY on the:

Patients with intellectual disabilities are susceptible to the same disease processes as other patients

Which of the following statements regarding patients with intellectual disabilities is correct?

Hypoxia and hypotension are the two most common causes of secondary brain injury

Which of the following statements regarding secondary brain injury is correct?

In sickle cell disease, the red blood cells are abnormally shaped and are less able to carry oxygen

Which of the following statements regarding sickle cell disease is correct?

The MOI may allow you to predict the severity of a patient's injuries

Which of the following statements regarding the mechanism of injury (MOI) is correct?

bronchus

Which of the following structures is NOT found in the upper airway?

"-al" and "-ic"

Which of the following suffixes mean "pertaining to"?

"dipl-" and "bi-"

Which of the following suffixes mean "two"?

The pain is worse when bending over

Which of the following symptoms would lead the EMT to believe that a patient's headache is caused by sinus congestion?

endocrine

Which of the following systems is responsible for releasing hormones that regulate body activities?

Psychosis

Which of the following terms applies to a state of delusion in which the patient is out of touch with reality?

Open-ended questions

Which of the following types of questions allow for the most detailed response?

Wait 1 second after pressing the transmit button before speaking

Which of the following will help improve radio communications?

the environment in which the patient was found

Which of the following would MOST likely provide clues regarding the source of a patient's allergic reaction?

Using a piece of paper and writing utensil to ask questions

Which of the following would be the MOST practical method of communicating with a hearing-impaired patient until his or her hearing aids can be located?

A concrete barricade

Which of the following would provide the EMT with the BEST cover in a situation involving active gunfire?

Sight and sound

Which of your senses can be safely used to identify a HazMat incident?

spleen

Which organ lies in the lateral and posterior portion of the left upper quadrant of the abdomen?

gastrointestinal system

Which organ or organ system has the greatest tolerance for lack of perfusion (shock)?

red blood cells

Which portion of the blood carries oxygen to and wastes away from body tissues?

Expressed

Which type of consent is involved when a 39-year-old mentally competent female with a severe headache asks you to take her to the hospital?

Rotational and rollover

Which types of motor vehicle collisions present the greatest potential for multiple impacts?

administer drugs via the IV route to achieve the fastest effect

While assisting a paramedic in the attempted resuscitation of a 55-year-old male in cardiac arrest, you should expect the paramedic to:

Aspiration pneumonia

While auscultating an elderly woman's breath sounds, you hear low-pitched "rattling" sounds at the bases of both of her lungs. This finding is MOST consistent with which of the following conditions?

stop and wait until the warning lights stop flashing

While en route to a call for a patient in cardiac arrest, you approach a stopped school bus with its red warning lights flashing. You should:

neck and facial injuries

While en route to a major motor vehicle crash, an on-scene police officer advises you that a 6-year-old male who was riding in the front seat is involved. He further states that the child was only wearing a lap belt and that the air bag deployed. On the basis of this information, you should be MOST suspicious that the child has experienced:

administer oxygen and transport to the hospital

While jogging, a 19-year-old male experienced an acute onset of shortness of breath and pleuritic chest pain. He is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. Your assessment reveals that he has diminished breath sounds over the left side of the chest. You should:

Indirect contact

While providing care to a patient, blood got onto the ambulance stretcher. Because the stretcher was not properly cleaned afterward, a virus was transmitted to another emergency medical technician (EMT) several days later. Which route of transmission does this scenario describe?

move to the opposite side of the patient's chest

While rescuer one is finishing his or her fifth cycle of 30 compressions, rescuer two should:

remain with the ambulance

While staged at the scene of a structure fire, the EMT should _________.

11; 50

While the ages can vary, women typically experience menstruation from approximately _________ to ____________ years of age.

assign him a delayed (yellow) category and continue triaging the other patients

While triaging patients at the scene of a building collapse, you encounter a young child who is conscious, alert, and breathing; has bilateral radial pulses; and has a severely angulated leg, which is not bleeding. According to the JumpSTART triage system, you should:

palpate for a carotid pulse.

While triaging patients at the scene of a motor-vehicle crash, you encounter a 5-year-old child who is unresponsive and apneic. After positioning his airway, you should:

manage all threats to airway, breathing, and circulation and consider requesting an ALS unit

You and your EMT partner arrive at the residence of a 50-year-old man who complains of weakness. Your primary assessment reveals that he is critically ill and will require aggressive treatment. The closest hospital is 25 miles away. You should:

assisted ventilation and naloxone (Narcan).

You and your paramedic partner are caring for a patient who ingested codeine, acetaminophen (Tylenol), and hydrocodone (Vicodin). The patient is unresponsive, his breathing is slow and shallow, and his pulse is slow and weak. Treatment for this patient should include:

respect the patient's wishes, ensure that the appropriate documentation is completed, and transport the patient.

You and your partner are both male and are attending to a 28-year-old female patient complaining of diffuse abdominal pain. The patient is 34 weeks pregnant with her first child. The patient refuses to allow you to examine her, and her husband informs you that their culture does not allow males to examine or care for pregnant women. You should:

ensure that your ambulance is parked upwind and uphill from the building.

You and your partner arrive at the scene of a fire at a large office complex. Witnesses tell you that they heard a loud explosion shortly before the building caught fire. You should:

have your partner check for a pulse to confirm that the patient is deceased

You and your partner arrive at the scene of a major motor vehicle crash. The driver, a young male, is severely entrapped in his car. He has an open head injury and massive facial trauma. He is unresponsive, is not breathing, and does not have a palpable carotid pulse. You should:

begin high-quality CPR and apply the AED as soon as possible

You and your partner arrive at the scene of a middle-aged man who collapsed about 5 minutes ago. He is unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless. Bystanders are present, but have not provided any care. You should:

assess the unresponsive patient's pulse, begin CPR starting with chest compressions if he is pulseless, and attach the AED as soon as possible

You and your partner respond to a park where several people were reportedly struck by lightning. When you arrive, you find three patients. The first patient is lying supine on the ground; he is unresponsive and does not appear to be breathing. The second patient is ambulatory, appears confused, and is holding his arm against his chest. The third patient is sitting on the ground holding the sides of his head. After calling for backup, you should:

Exit the area immediately and gather information for the HazMat team

You are approaching an overturned tanker truck to assess the driver, who appears to be unresponsive. As you get closer to the vehicle, you note the smell of noxious fumes and find that you are in the midst of a vapor cloud. What should you do?

avoid placing him in a supine position if possible and administer oxygen

You are assessing a 440-lb man who complains of shortness of breath and lower back pain. The patient is conscious and alert, his blood pressure is 148/98 mm Hg, and his heart rate is 120 beats/min. Your MOST immediate action should be to:

Ask the patient if she has developed a suicidal plan

You are assessing a 45-year-old female who is severely depressed. She states that it seems as though her entire world is crashing down around her. She further states that she has had frequent thoughts of suicide, but is not sure if she can actually go through with it. How should you manage this situation?

has a history of eye surgeries

You are assessing a 59-year-old male and note that his pupils are unequal. He is conscious and alert. When obtaining his medical history, it is MOST pertinent to ask him if he:

hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome

You are assessing a 70-year-old female who complains of intense thirst, frequent urination, and dizziness. She has a history of type 2 diabetes, heart disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and gout. Her blood glucose reads "high." She is conscious, but confused. Her blood pressure is 92/52 mm Hg, her pulse rate is 130 beats/min and weak, and her respirations are 22 breaths/min and shallow. This patient's clinical presentation is MOST consistent with:

position yourself in between the patient and the gun and ask your partner to request law enforcement assistance

You are assessing a 72-year-old man with abdominal pain. The patient is sitting in a chair; he is conscious, alert, and calm. As you are talking to the patient, your partner discreetly directs your attention to a handgun, which is located on a nearby table. You should

instruct him to hold his breath for as long as he comfortably can

You are assisting an asthma patient with his prescribed metered-dose inhaler. After the patient takes a deep breath and depresses the inhaler, you should:

ask the patient if he can unlock the door

You are attempting to gain access to a patient who was injured when his truck struck another vehicle from behind. The patient is conscious and alert, but is screaming in pain. You try to open the door, but it is locked. You should:

secured to a fracture board with the strongest provider at the head end

You are attending to a 22-year-old female patient who has overdosed. The patient is unresponsive in an upstairs bedroom. The most appropriate way to bring the patient downstairs is:

continue your care in a private area, document any details regarding the scene and the incident, and reassure her as you provide care.

You are attending to a 23-year-old female patient who is 16 weeks pregnant with her second child. The patient has apparently fallen and sustained an injury to her upper right arm. When you ask about the incident history, the patient is reluctant to explain what happened and becomes very quiet. Based on this information, you should:

on her left side

You are attending to a 26-year-old female who is 34 weeks pregnant with her first child. Your patient has been having lower abdominal pains and cramping for the past two hours. In placing your patient on the stretcher and preparing for transport, you should place her:

combination of a medical and trauma emergency

You are attending to a 27-year-old male driver of a car. According to his passenger, the patient had been acting strangely while driving, then slumped forward against the steering wheel, apparently unconscious. The car drove off the road and struck a telephone pole. The patient remains unconscious, and physical assessment reveals only a large hematoma on his right forehead with no other physical signs. Your patient is a diabetic who had been under a lot of stress lately and may have missed meals. This is an example of a:

stay with the patient while you arrange for other transport options as a potentially life-threatening emergency exists.

You are attending to a 27-year-old patient with a history of depression. The patient's family tells you that she has been openly talking about harming herself and suicide, and they got scared when she tried to overdose on some medications. The patient did not take the pills and is alert and oriented. Despite all of your best efforts to convince her, the patient refuses to go to hospital for treatment. Based on this information, you should:

viral infection of the upper respiratory tract.

You are attending to a 3-year-old male patient who is presenting with severe shortness of breath. His parents report that he has had a cough and cold with a low grade fever for the past two days. They became worried today, as his level of distress has increased dramatically. On assessment, the patient is sitting upright and making high-pitched noises with each breath. Based on this information, the patient is most likely suffering from:

grab him by the clothes and immediately move him to safety

You are standing by at the scene of a hostage situation when the incident commander advises you that one of his personnel has been shot. The patient is lying supine in an open area and is not moving. As the SWAT team escorts you to the patient, you should:

Were you shot at or under fire?

You are attending to a 32-year-old male patient. The patient's wife tells you that he returned from Afghanistan last year. While he initially seemed fine, lately he has become withdrawn and distanced himself from his family and friends. He does not talk about it, but she knows that he has been having terrible nightmares that wake him up. The most appropriate question to ask regarding his experience in Afghanistan is:

increased patient comfort and dignity.

You are attending to a 34-year-old male patient who requires transport to the hospital for assessment of his chronic back pain. The patient weighs over 750 pounds. Your bariatric stretcher has a wider surface area to allow for:

the ePCR allows patient information to be transmitted directly to the receiving hospital's computers.

You are caring for a 56-year-old male patient complaining of abdominal pain. Your service has recently switched to an electronic PCR system (ePCR). When completing the ePCR, it is important to be aware that:

recovery position and transport.

You are caring for a 68-year-old man with sudden onset of left-sided paralysis and slurred speech. His airway is patent, his respirations are 14 breaths/min with adequate depth, and his oxygen saturation is 98%. Treatment for this patient should include:

small infants are nose breathers and require clear nasal passages at all times.

You are dispatched to a call for a 4-month-old infant with respiratory distress. While you prepare to take care of this child, you must remember that:

administering blow-by oxygen and transporting the child with her mother

You are dispatched to a residence for a child with respiratory distress. The patient, an 18-month-old female, is tachypneic, has sternal retractions, and is clinging to her mother. Her skin is pink and dry, and her heart rate is 120 beats/min. The MOST appropriate treatment for this child includes:

administer epinephrine to the patient, begin immediate transport, and attempt to contact medical control en route to the hospital

You are dispatched to a state park for a young female experiencing an allergic reaction. Your assessment reveals that her breathing is severely labored and her blood pressure is very low. You carry epinephrine auto-injectors on your ambulance and have been trained and approved by your medical director to administer them. As your partner gives the patient supplemental oxygen, you attempt to contact medical control but do not have a signal from your cell phone. You should:

patient advocacy

You are encouraging a patient to go to the hospital by ambulance. You know that a transport will keep you on duty several hours after your regular quitting time. This is an example of __________.

55%

You are performing mouth-to-mask ventilations with oxygen connected and set at a flow rate of 15 L/min. What percentage of oxygen is your patient receiving?

use the multiplex system to transmit the information

You are providing care to a 61-year-old female complaining of chest pain that is cardiac in origin. Your service utilizes a multiplex communication system. You wish to transmit the patient's electrocardiogram to the hospital. In order to accomplish this, you must:

protect the affected part from further injury.

You are transporting a 28-year-old man with a frostbitten foot. The patient's vital signs are stable and he denies any other injuries or symptoms. The weather is treacherous and your transport time to the hospital is approximately 45 minutes. During transport, you should:

insert an airway adjunct if he will tolerate it and begin assisting his ventilations with a BVM

You are transporting a 42-year-old male who experienced blunt abdominal trauma. He is receiving oxygen at 12 L/min via a nonrebreathing mask and full spinal precautions have been applied. During your reassessment, you note his level of consciousness has decreased and his respirations have become shallow. You should:

Have the driver contact dispatch and relay the patient information to the hospital

You are transporting a 54-year-old male in respiratory arrest. An EMR is driving the ambulance as you and your partner are caring for the patient. Which of the following is the MOST logical way of notifying the hospital?

abdominal aortic aneurysm

You are transporting a 67-year-old female patient to the hospital for investigation of abdominal pain. The patient care record indicates that the patient has a history of AAA. Based on this information, the patient care record includes an abbreviation for:

closely monitor him and reassess him frequently

You are transporting a patient with blunt abdominal trauma. The patient is unstable and is experiencing obvious signs and symptoms of shock. Your estimated time of arrival at the hospital is less than 10 minutes. After treating the patient appropriately, you should:

acknowledge that she is scared and tell her that you will take good care of her

You are transporting an elderly woman who has possibly experienced a stroke. She is obviously scared but is unable to talk and cannot move the entire right side of her body. In addition to providing the medical care that she needs, you should:

the problem is with the patient's liver

You are transporting to a 66-year-old patient with a history of heart problems. The patient chart indicates that he has hepatomegaly. The root of the term indicates that:

insulin

You are treating a 40-year-old male with a documented blood sugar reading of 480 mg/dL. The patient is semiconscious and breathing shallowly, and is receiving assisted ventilation from your partner. You should recognize that definitive treatment for this patient includes:

A 49-year-old female with diabetes and difficulty breathing

You are triaging four patients who were involved in a head-on motor vehicle crash. Which of the following patients should be assigned the highest (red) triage category?

call for additional resources and keep bystanders away from the vehicle

You arrive at an accident scene to find an alternative-fuel vehicle leaking an unknown substance. You should immediately _________.

pericardial tamponade

You arrive at the scene of a major motor vehicle crash. The patient, a 50-year-old female, was removed from her vehicle prior to your arrival. Bystanders who removed her state that she was not wearing a seatbelt. The patient is unresponsive, tachycardic, and diaphoretic. Your assessment reveals bilaterally clear and equal breath sounds, a midline trachea, and collapsed jugular veins. You should be MOST suspicious that this patient has experienced a:

Transport the child immediately and have the parents meet you at the hospital

You arrive at the scene of a motor vehicle-versus-pedestrian accident. The patient, a 13-year-old male, is unconscious and has multiple injuries. As you are treating the child, a law enforcement officer advises you that the child's parents will be at the scene in approximately 15 minutes. What should you do?

slander

You could be sued for ___________ if your radio report to the hospital describes the patient in a manner that injures his or her reputation.

assess distal circulation and readjust the bandage as needed.

You have applied a dressing and roller-gauze bandage to a laceration on the arm of a young female. During transport, she begins to complain of numbness and tingling in her hand. You should

advise the dispatcher that you are out of service and to send another unit

You have just delivered a major trauma patient to the hospital. Shortly after departing the hospital, dispatch advises you of another call. The back of the ambulance is contaminated with bloody dressings and is in disarray, and you are in need of airway equipment and numerous other supplies. You should:

partially remove the dressing

You have sealed the open chest wound of a 40-year-old male who was stabbed in the anterior chest. Your reassessment reveals that he is experiencing increasing respiratory distress and tachycardia, and is developing cyanosis. You should:

His large body size

You receive a call for a domestic dispute. When you arrive at the scene, you find a young male standing on the front porch of his house. You notice that an adjacent window is broken. The patient has a large body, is clenching his fists, and is yelling obscenities at you. Which of the following findings is LEAST predictive of this patient's potential for violence?

load him into the ambulance and begin rapid cooling interventions

You receive a call to a residence for a sick patient. Upon your arrival, you find the patient, a 53-year-old diabetic male, lying down on his front porch. His wife tells you that he had been mowing the lawn in the heat for the past 3 hours. The patient is confused and has hot, moist skin. His pulse is weak and thready, and his blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg. You should:

ventilate her with a BVM

You receive a call to a residence where a man found his wife unresponsive on the couch. The patient's respiratory rate is 8 breaths/min, her breathing is shallow, her heart rate is 40 beats/min, and her pulse is weak. The husband hands you an empty bottle of hydrocodone (Vicodin), which was refilled the day before. You should:

suction his mouth and nose, apply high-flow oxygen, monitor the patient's breath sounds for a pneumothorax, and contact medical control regarding transport to a recompression facility

You respond to a local lake where a diver complains of difficulty breathing that occurred immediately after rapidly ascending from a depth of approximately 30 feet. On assessment, you note that he has cyanosis around his lips and has pink froth coming from his nose and mouth. You should:

immediately request ALS support.

You respond to a residence for a 40-year-old female who was assaulted by her husband; the scene has been secured by law enforcement. Upon your arrival, you find the patient lying supine on the floor in the kitchen. She is semiconscious with severely labored breathing. Further assessment reveals a large bruise to the left anterior chest, jugular venous distention, and unilaterally absent breath sounds. As your partner is supporting her ventilations, you should:

transport the child to the hospital and reassure the mother en route.

You respond to a residence for a child who is having a seizure. Upon arrival at the scene, you enter the residence and find the mother holding her child, a 2-year-old male. The child is conscious and crying. According to the mother, the child had been running a high fever and then experienced a seizure that lasted approximately 3 minutes. You should:

begin treatment and contact medical control as needed

You respond to the home of a 59-year-old man who is unconscious; has slow, shallow breathing; and has a weak pulse. The family states that the patient has terminal brain cancer and does not wish to be resuscitated. They further state that there is a DNR order for this patient, but they are unable to locate it. You should:

weak

You should be MOST suspicious that a patient has experienced a significant head injury if his or her pulse is:

dyspnea

You should suspect a kidney injury anytime the patient presents with _______.

has bradycardia and diminished muscle tone

You should suspect that a patient is experiencing respiratory failure if he or she:

peripheral vasoconstriction

You suspect your patient is in shock. You note the patient's skin is pale. This is likely due to ___________.

encourage the patient to cough

Your conscious patient has a mild partial airway obstruction. You should:

be objective and factual

Your documentation on a sexual assault victim should _______.

remove the medication patch, wipe away any medication residue, and apply the AED pads

Your partner is performing one-rescuer CPR on a middle-aged woman in cardiac arrest. When you apply the AED pads, you note that she has a medication patch over the same area where one of the AED pads will be placed. You should:

peptic ulcer disease

Your patient complains of chronic "burning" stomach pain that improves after eating. You should suspect:

9

Your patient has a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 13, a systolic blood pressure of 80 mm Hg, and a respiratory rate of 8 breaths/min. His Revised Trauma Score (RTS) is:

hypoxic drive

Your patient has a chronic respiratory condition. His stimulus to breathe is triggered by low oxygen levels in the blood. This is known as the ___________.

cardiogenic shock

Your patient has a decreased cardiac output and poor myocardial contractility. This will likely lead to ___________.

compensated shock

Your patient is in shock, but the body's defense mechanisms are currently able to maintain adequate circulation. This is called ___________.

8

Your patient opens his eyes, moans, and pulls away from you when you pinch his trapezius muscle. You should assign a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of:

control any external bleeding, administer oxygen, and transport at once

Your presence is requested by law enforcement to assess a 33-year-old female who was sexually assaulted. The patient is conscious and obviously upset. As you are talking to her, you note an impressive amount of blood on her clothes in the groin area. Her blood pressure is 98/58 mm Hg, her pulse is 130 beats/min, and her respirations are 24 breaths/min. You should:

Gamma

__________ rays easily penetrate through the human body and require lead or several inches of concrete to prevent penetration.