EMT Final- chp. 5

A 21-year-old male was working in an auto repair shop and sustained radiator burns to the anterior aspect of both arms and to his anterior chest. According to the rule of nines, this patient has burns that cover _____ of his BSA.

18%

Significant vital sign changes will occur if the typical adult acutely loses more than ______ of his or her total blood volume

20%

Which of the following statements regarding the clotting of blood is correct

A person taking aspirin will experience slower blood clotting

Which of the following injuries requires the use of an occlusive dressing?

All of the above

Which of the following is the most sensitive indicator of hypoperfusion?

Anxiety or Altered mental status

Which of the following vessels contain blood under the highest amount of pressure?

Arteries

Your patient is a 33-year-old man who has a gunshot wound to his right leg and has active, steady, dark red bleeding. He is awake, pale, and diaphoretic. He has a strong radial pulse of 112 per minute, a respiratory rate of 24 breaths per minute, and a blood pressure of 122/82 mmHg. He has no other injuries or complaints. Which of the following is the BEST sequence of steps in the management of this patient?

Direct pressure, high-concentration oxygen, and splinting the leg

Which of the following is NOT recommended when controlling epistaxis?

Having the patient tilt the head backward to elevate the nose

When deciding where to transport a patient who is in hypovolemic shock or who has the potential for developing hypovolemic shock, which of the following is the most important service to be provided by the receiving hospital?

Immediate surgical capabilities

Which of the following BEST describes the function of blood?

It transports gases along with nutrients, aids in excretion, and provides protection and regulation.

Burns pose a greater risk to infants and children for which of the following reasons

Pediatric patients have a greater risk of shock from the burn.

Your patient is a 28-year-old male who cut his thigh with a chain saw. It appears that he has lost about 600 cc of blood. Which of the following is NOT part of the proper management of this patient?

Replacement of fluid level by giving the patient adequate amounts of water

Which of the following is the most important reason for controlling external bleeding?

To prevent hypoperfusion

Which of the following types of vessels have valves to maintain one-way blood flow?

Veins

Blood stasis, changes in the vessel wall, and certain medications affect the

ability of the blood to effectively clot.

The MOST significant complication associated with facial injuries is:

airway compromise

Which of the following injuries would MOST likely occur as a direct result of the third collision in a motor vehicle crash?

aortic rupture

You are dispatched to a convenience store, where the clerk sustained a laceration to the side of his neck during a robbery attempt. During your assessment, you note bright red blood spurting from the laceration. You should:

apply direct pressure above and below the wound and cover with an occlusive dressing.

A 52-year-old unrestrained female struck the steering wheel with her face when her truck collided with another vehicle. She has obvious swelling to her face and several dislodged teeth. A visual exam of her mouth reveals minimal bleeding. She is conscious and alert with a blood pressure of 130/80 mm Hg, a pulse of 110 beats/min, and respirations of 22 breaths/min with adequate tidal volume. You should:

apply supplemental oxygen, immobilize her spine, attempt to locate the dislodged teeth, suction as needed, and transport

Which of the following vessels has the thickest muscular walls that allow constriction and dilation?

arteries

The smaller vessels that carry blood away from the heart and connect the arteries to the capillaries are called the:

arterioles.

You have applied a dressing and roller-gauze bandage to a laceration on the arm of a young female. During transport, she begins to complain of numbness and tingling in her hand. You should:

assess distal circulation and readjust the bandage as needed.

A young male was shot in the abdomen by an unknown type of gun. He is semiconscious, has shallow breathing, and is bleeding externally from the wound. As you control the external bleeding, your partner should:

assist ventilations

A young female experienced a laceration to her left eyeball from flying glass when her boyfriend broke a soda bottle against a wall. There is moderate bleeding and the patient states that she cannot see out of the injured eye. You should

avoid applying pressure to the globe when you are covering the eye.

A young female experienced a laceration to her left eyeball from flying glass when her boyfriend broke a soda bottle against a wall. There is moderate bleeding and the patient states that she cannot see out of the injured eye. You should:

avoid applying pressure to the globe when you are covering the eye.

The term "hyphema" is defined as

blood in the anterior chamber of the eye.

Abnormal variations in pupil size and reaction would MOST likely be observed in a patient with:

brain injury

When caring for a patient whose arm is covered with a dry chemical, you should:

brush away the chemical before flushing with water

In which of the following vessels does the vital exchange take place and also has the thinnest walls through which oxygen, nutrients, and wastes can pass?

capillaries

Perfusion is MOST accurately defined as the:

circulation of blood within an organ in adequate amounts to meet the body's metabolic needs.

Which of the following is a severe life threathing burn in a 35-year-old patient?

circumferential partial-thickness burn to the chest

In order for electricity to flow through the body and cause damage:

complete circuit must exist between the electrical source and the ground.

The inner surface of the eyelids and the exposed surface of the eye itself are covered by a delicate membrane called the:

conjunctiva.

A 30-year-old female presents with redness, inflammation, and pain to her left eye. During your assessment, you note that she is having difficulty keeping her eyes open. You should suspect that she is experiencing:

conjunctivitis.

A 40-year-old male was in his woodworking shop when he felt a sudden, sharp pain in his left eye. Your assessment reveals a small splinter of wood embedded in his cornea. You should:

cover both of his eyes and transport to the hospital.

A partial-thickness burn involves the outer layer of skin and a portion of the:

dermal layer.

A 12-year-old male jumped approximately 12′ from a tree and landed on his feet. He complains of pain to his lower back. What injury mechanism is MOST likely responsible for his back pain?

energy transmission to the spine

What layer of the skin forms a watertight, protective seal for the body?

epidermis

In which of the following situations would external bleeding be the MOST difficult to control?

femoral artery laceration and a blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg

You are assessing a 59-year-old male and note that his pupils are unequal. He is conscious and alert. When obtaining his medical history, it is MOST pertinent to ask him if he:

has a history of eye surgeries.

The cervical spine is MOST protected from whiplash-type injuries when the:

headrest is appropriately positioned

Blood in the urine is called

hematuria

The ability of a person's cardiovascular system to compensate for blood loss is MOST related to:

how rapidly he or she bleeds

A factory worker was splashed in the eyes with a strong acid chemical. He complains of intense pain and blurred vision. Your ambulance does not carry bottles of sterile saline or water. You should

irrigate both eyes continuously for 20 minutes with plain water.

Bleeding from the nose following head trauma:

is a sign of a skull fracture.

A driver involved in a rollover motor vehicle crash will MOST likely experience serious injuries or death if he or she:

is ejected or partially ejected.

A 29-year-old male has an anterior nosebleed after he was accidentally elbowed in the nose. His is conscious and alert with adequate breathing. The MOST appropriate care for this patient includes:

leaning him forward and pinching his nostrils together.

An abdominal evisceration:

occurs when organs protrude through an open wound.

A 43-year-old man is experiencing a severe nosebleed. His blood pressure is 190/110 mm Hg and his heart rate is 90 beats/min and bounding. Appropriate treatment for this patient includes:

pinching the patient's nostrils and having him lean forward.

A 22-year-old male was kicked in the abdomen multiple times during an attack by a gang. He is conscious but restless and his pulse is rapid. Your assessment reveals a large area of bruising to the right upper quadrant of his abdomen. The MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes:

preparing for immediate transport

Which of the following interventions is the MOST critical to the outcome of a patient with multisystem trauma?

rapid transport to a trauma center

What types of motor vehicle collisions present the greatest potential for multiple impacts?

rotational and rollover

The white portion of the eye is called the:

sclera.

Hypoperfusion is another name for:

shock.

Which of the following is NOT indicated in the management of a patient in shock?

splinting gross extremity injuries on scene like bilateral femur fractures You Answered

Which of the following layers of the skin is the most important in insulating the body against heat loss?

subcutaneous

During an altercation in a bar, two patrons got into a fist fight. The first patient, a 20-year-old female, was struck in the mouth and refuses EMS care. The second patient, a 39-year-old female, has a small laceration to her left knuckle and also refuses EMS care. Both patients are AOx4 and refuse all medical care. Which of the following statements regarding this scenario is MOST correct?

the 39-year-old female is at high risk for an infection and should be seen by a doctor.

Hypovolemic shock occurs when:

the body cannot compensate for rapid blood loss.

You are assessing a 30-year-old woman with multiple large bruises to her chest and abdomen that she experienced during an assault. She is conscious but restless, and her skin is cool and pale. You should be MOST concerned with:

the fact that her clinical signs could indicate that she is bleeding internally.

The Adam's apple is:

the upper part of the larynx that is formed by the thyroid cartilage.

Passengers who are seated in the rear of a vehicle and are wearing only lap belts have a higher incidence of injuries to the:

thoracic and lumbar

When treating a breathing patient with a pulse who experienced a pulmonary blast injury, you should:

try to avoid giving oxygen under positive pressure if possible due to possible barotrauma.

In older patients, the first indicator of nontraumatic internal bleeding may be:

weakness or dizziness.