EMT Quiz 4

When you assess capillary refill time (CRT) in an infant, normal color to the tested area should return within: 2 seconds. 3 seconds. 4 seconds. 1 second.

2 seconds.

The full-body scan of a patient that occurs following the primary assessment should take no longer than: 60 to 90 seconds. 30 seconds. 90 to 120 seconds. 120 to 180 seconds.

60 to 90 seconds.

A decrease in the blood pressure may indicate: a loss of vascular tone. forceful cardiac contraction. increased blood volume. arterial constriction.

a loss of vascular tone.

When using the pulse oximeter as part of your assessment of a patient, it is important to remember that: pulse oximetry is especially useful in patients who have cold extremities because vasoconstriction forces blood to the capillary beds. carbon monoxide has no effect on pulse oximetry readings because the pulse oximeter presumes that oxygen is saturating the hemoglobin. as long as the patient's oxygen saturation is greater than 95%, oxygen is usually not necessary, even if the patient has respiratory distress. any situation that causes vasoconstriction or loss of red blood cells, such as anemia or bleeding, may result in an inaccurate or misleading value.

any situation that causes vasoconstriction or loss of red blood cells, such as anemia or bleeding, may result in an inaccurate or misleading value.

You receive a call to a local daycare center for an unresponsive 8-month-old infant. Upon arrival, you perform an assessment and determine that the infant is not breathing. Your next action should be to: immediately transport the child to the hospital. open the airway and give 2 rescue breaths. assess for a brachial pulse for 5 to 10 seconds. begin chest compressions and request backup.

assess for a brachial pulse for 5 to 10 seconds.

When auscultating the blood pressure in a patient's upper extremity, you should place the diaphragm (head) of the stethoscope over the _________ artery. radial femoral brachial apical

brachial

While in route to the scene of a shooting, the dispatcher advises you that the caller states that the perpetrator has fled the scene. You should: proceed to the scene as usual. ask the dispatcher if he or she knows the location of the perpetrator. request law enforcement personnel if the scene is unsafe upon your arrival. confirm this information with law enforcement personnel at the scene.

confirm this information with law enforcement personnel at the scene.

Cyanosis of the skin is caused by: increased blood oxygen. venous vasoconstriction. decreased blood oxygen. peripheral vasodilation.

decreased blood oxygen.

If you cannot palpate a pulse in an unresponsive patient, you should: attach an automated external defibrillator (AED) at once. immediately begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). assess for adequate breathing. palpate at another pulse site.

immediately begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).

End-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) is defined as the: maximal concentration of CO2 at the end of an exhaled breath. total amount of CO2 that remains in the lungs between breaths. amount of CO2 that a person breathes in during a single inhalation. maximum amount of CO2 that remains in the lungs at all times.

maximal concentration of CO2 at the end of an exhaled breath.

The chief complaint is MOST accurately defined as the: most life-threatening condition that you discover. condition that exacerbates an underlying problem. most serious thing the patient is concerned about. gross physical signs that you detect on assessment.

most serious thing the patient is concerned about.

Which of the following MOST accurately describes paradoxical movement of the chest wall? the abdomen moving opposite the chest. one side of the chest wall moves opposite the direction of the back. one section of the chest rises on inspiration while another area falls. multiple rib fractures that cause a marked deformity of the chest wall.

one section of the chest rises on inspiration while another area falls.

A 40-year-old male crashed his motorcycle into a tree. He is semiconscious, has snoring respirations, and has a laceration to the forearm with minimal bleeding. You should: open his airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver. apply a cervical collar and suction his airway. apply a pressure dressing to the patient's arm. tilt the patient's head back and lift up on his chin.

open his airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver.

An injured patient is assigned a total score of 9 on the GCS. He is assigned a score of 2 for eye opening, a score of 3 for verbal response, and a score of 4 for motor response. Which of the following clinical findings is consistent with his GCS score? eyes remain closed, makes incomprehensible sounds, exhibits abnormal extension opens eyes in response to voice, makes incomprehensible sounds, localizes pain opens eyes spontaneously, is confused when spoken to, exhibits abnormal flexion opens eyes in response to pain, uses inappropriate words, withdraws from pain

opens eyes in response to pain, uses inappropriate words, withdraws from pain

A palpable pulse is created by: the pressure that is caused when venous blood returns to the heart. pressure waves through the arteries caused by cardiac contraction. electrical conduction in the heart producing ventricular contraction. the pressure of circulating blood against the walls of the arteries.

pressure waves through the arteries caused by cardiac contraction.

You are dispatched to the county jail for an inmate who is "sick." When you arrive, you find the patient, a 33-year-old male, unresponsive. His airway is patent and his respirations are rapid and shallow. Your initial action should be to: request a paramedic unit. apply a pulse oximeter. assess his blood pressure. provide assisted ventilation.

provide assisted ventilation.

Observations made when forming a general impression of a patient would include all of the following, EXCEPT: pulse strength. level of distress. race and gender. appearance.

pulse strength.

When performing a reassessment of your patient, you should first: repeat the primary assessment. reassess your interventions. confirm medical history findings. obtain updated vital signs.

repeat the primary assessment.

A patient who does not respond to your questions but moves or cries out when his or her trapezius muscle is pinched, is said to be: responsive to verbal stimuli. completely unresponsive. responsive to painful stimuli. conscious and alert.

responsive to painful stimuli.

Which of the following situations or conditions warrants immediate transport? responsiveness and ability to follow commands mild pain in the lower abdomen severe chest pain and cool, pale skin decreased ability to move an extremity

severe chest pain and cool, pale skin

Jugular venous distention suggests a problem with blood returning to the heart if the patient is: in a prone position. sitting up at a 45° angle. in a supine position. in a recumbent position.

sitting up at a 45° angle

You respond to the residence of a 62-year-old male who is unresponsive. Your primary assessment reveals that he is apneic and pulseless. You should: ask the family if the patient has a terminal disease. notify dispatch and request a paramedic ambulance. perform CPR and attach the AED once in the ambulance. start CPR and attach the AED as soon as possible.

start CPR and attach the AED as soon as possible.

Which of the following abnormal breath sounds indicates obstruction of the upper airway? rales rhonchi crackles stridor

stridor

A crackling sound produced by air bubbles under the skin is called: subcutaneous emphysema. stridor. Korotkoff sounds. rhonchi.

subcutaneous emphysema.

The "Golden Period" begins when an injury occurs and ends when: you arrive at the emergency department. the patient receives definitive care. the patient is admitted to the ICU. you depart the scene for the hospital.

the patient receives definitive care.

Reassessment is performed to determine all of the following, EXCEPT: the patient's response to your treatment. the reason why the patient called EMS. the nature of any newly identified problems. whether or not the patient is deteriorating.

the reason why the patient called EMS.

When assessing a 62-year-old female with crushing chest pain, you note that her pulse is rapid and irregular. In addition to administering oxygen, you should: transport at once and consider requesting a paramedic unit. apply a cardiac monitor and observe her cardiac rhythm. conclude that the irregular pulse is normal based on her age. document your findings and perform a detailed assessment.

transport at once and consider requesting a paramedic unit.

During an EMS call, you should take standard precautions: any time before you load the patient into the ambulance. after it has been determined that the patient is bleeding. immediately after completion of your primary assessment. upon exiting the ambulance, but before actual patient contact.

upon exiting the ambulance, but before actual patient contact.

While evaluating a patient with chest pain, your partner tells you that the patient's blood pressure is 140/94 mm Hg. The lower number represents the pressure from the: atria contracting. ventricles contracting. atria relaxing. ventricles relaxing.

ventricles relaxing.

When assessing motor function in a conscious patient's lower extremities, you should expect the patient to: identify different types of stimuli. note any changes in temperature. feel you touching the extremity. wiggle his or her toes on command.

wiggle his or her toes on command.