End of the Cold War (Ch. 19 & 20) test

During the 1970s, residents of Three Mile Island in Pennsylvania learned that their community sat on top of a decades-old toxic waste dump.

2. False

Which group helped to increase the political influence of senior citizens?

AARP

Many observers point to April 1970 and the celebration of ____________________ as the beginning of the environmental movement.

Earth Day

Explain how and why the United States economy in the 1970s was different from the economy of the 1950s and 1960s.

In the 50s and 60s, the economy was growing and thriving, but when the 70s hit they brought stagflation. This was because of high unemployment and inflation, increased government regulations, a decline in manufacturing, a rise in foreign competition, and an opex oil embargo.

Why was Alexander Butterfield's information about a White House taping system important?

It might reveal that Nixon was involved in the Watergate burglary plan or attempts to stop the FBI's investigation.

Describe some of the problems in government, the economy, and society that brought together a new conservative coalition in the late 1970s.

No one trusted the government, people feared that liberal policies were leading to communism, and the economy was failing because of stagflation. Society was facing high unemployment, crime, and drug abuse rates. All these things led to the rise of conservatism because the conservatives focused more on moral issues.

Bob Woodward

Washington Post reporter who helped break the Watergate story

Rachel Carson

author who sounded the alarm on the effect of pesticides on birds, fish, and other creatures

The recession that began in 1990 was caused in part by the end of the Cold War, because the United States

began reducing its armed forces and canceling orders for military equipment.

Stagflation

combination of rising prices and economic stagnation

In a scandal that tainted President Reagan's second term in office, money from the secret sale of weapons to Iran was given to the

contras in Nicaragua.

Reagan's Strategic Defense Initiative, also known as Star Wars, called for the

development of weapons that could destroy incoming missiles.

What was one purpose of Nixon's trip to China?

encouraging the Soviets to more actively pursue diplomacy

Nixon tried to fight handing over the tapes of his conversations in the White by citing _________________________, or the principle that White House conversations should remain confidential to protect national security.

executive privellage

President Reagan encouraged and promoted deregulation because he believed that

government regulations were excessive and hurt the economy.

Camp David Accords

historic peace treaty between Israel and Egypt, brokered by President Carter

The collapse of the Soviet Union's economy that began in the late 1980s was caused by

inefficient central planning and huge expenditures in the arms race.

Some Americans turned to conservatism during the Cold War because they believed that

liberal economic ideas were slowly leading the nation toward communism.

The crisis in Iran that undermined Jimmy Carter's presidency began in November 1979, when

militants stormed the American embassy in Tehran and took 52 Americans hostage.

Unlike other groups demanding more assimilation into mainstream society, many _________________________ wanted greater independence from it.

native americans

Although the Supreme Court had ordered an end to segregated public schools in 1954, many schools remained segregated in the early 1970s because

neighborhoods were still segregated and children went to neighborhood schools.

The American economy grew rapidly in the 1980s for several reasons, including lower taxes that spurred investment and spending, new technology that created new business opportunities, and

new methods of retailing that lowered prices.

Reagan Doctrine

policy of supporting guerilla groups fighting Communist or pro-Soviet governments

As part of his Southern strategy, Nixon took steps to

slow desegregation.

Rehabilitation Act of 1973

stated that no person with a disability can be discriminated against by an entity receiving federal funding

President Nixon dismantled a number of federal programs and gave more control to state and local governments, a policy he called

the New Federalism.

In 1969, President Richard Nixon announced that the United States would now expect its allies to take care of their own defense, a policy known as

the Nixon Doctrine.

In its 1978 University of California Regents v. Bakke decision, the Supreme Court ruled that

universities could not use "fixed quotas" to maintain a diverse student body.

Ambitious, hardworking young professionals of the 1980s, who focused on accumulating wealth and leading a luxurious lifestyle, were called _____________________.

yuppies