Endocrine System & Diabetes

all of the above

A hormone may A) stimulate the synthesis of an enzyme or structural protein not already present in the cytoplasm by activating appropriate genes in the cell nucleus. B) increase or decrease the rate of synthesis of a particular enzyme or other protein by changing the rate of transcription or translation. C) turn an existing enzyme on or off by changing its shape and structure. D) all of the above E) none of the above

by increasing insulin secretion

A six-year old spent the day eating sweets. He ate chocolate chip cookies for breakfast, ice cream for lunch and lollies for dinner. How did his body maintain his blood glucose level within normal range? A) by increasing glucagon secretion B) by increasing cortisol secretion C) by increasing insulin secretion D) by increasing hGH secretion E) by increasing ACTH secretion

70-120 mg/dL.

According to standards, a normal blood glucose level averages A) 40-70 mg/dL. B) 60-100 mg/dL. C) 70-120 mg/dL. D) 100-180 mg/dL. E) 110-190 mg/dL.

glucagon; insulin

Alpha cells are to _____ as beta cells are to _____. A) glucagon; insulin B) growth-inhibiting hormone; insulin C) insulin; glucagon D) glucagon; growth-inhibiting hormone E) none of the above

all of the above

Hormones coordinate _____ activities on a regular basis. A) cell B) tissue C) organ D) all of the above E) none of the above

all of the above

Hormones may be: A) steroids. B) peptides. C) glycoproteins. D) all of the above.

glucose

Hormones produced by the pancreatic islets affect the body's use of: A) sodium. B) potassium. C) glucose. D) calcium.

slow to appear, but long-lasting

In comparison with the nervous system, the regulatory effects of the endocrine system are: A) rapid to appear, but short-lived. B) slow to appear, but long-lasting. C) the same, because the systems work together. D) any of these alternatives, depending upon circumstances.

diabetes mellitus

Inability of the pancreas to produce insulin would result in A) acromegaly. B) goiter. C) diabetes mellitus. D) diabetes insipidus. E) Addison's disease.

All of the above are true

Insulin: A) tends to lower blood concentrations of glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids. B) promotes metabolism of glucose by tissue cells. C) is produced by beta cells. D) All of the above are true.

pancreas

The _____ lies within the abdominopelvic cavity near the border between the stomach and the small intestine. A) thymus gland B) adrenal gland C) pancreas D) thyroid gland E) testis

glucagon

The alpha cells of the pancreas produce A) insulin. B) glucagon. C) renin. D) cortisol. E) digestive enzymes.

insulin

The beta cells of the pancreas produce A) insulin. B) glucagon. C) renin. D) cortisol. E) digestive enzymes.

negative

The body's response to rising insulin levels in a healthy individual is increased production of glucose. This mechanism is known as _____ feedback. A) positive B) neutral C) negative D) good E) none of the above

digestive enzymes

The exocrine portion of the pancreas produces A) insulin. B) glucagon. C) somatotropin. D) digestive enzymes. E) bile.

pancreas

The gland that serves in both an exocrine and an endocrine capacity is the: A) pituitary. B) pancreas. C) adrenal. D) ovary.

glucagon

The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar levels to rise is A) somatotropin. B) cortisol. C) insulin. D) glucagon. E) erythropoietin.

contain endocrine cells

The pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans) A) contain endocrine cells. B) make up most of the pancreas. C) produce digestive enzymes. D) secrete alkaline juice. E) produce zymogenic enzyme.

glucose is the only source of energy for nervous tissue

The signs and symptoms of hypoglycaemia reflect the fact that: A) muscle cells need glucose for normal function. B) blood glucose levels are too high. C) hypoglycemia decreases cerebral blood flow. D) hypoglycemia inhibits the release of counterregulatory hormones such as the catecholamines. E) glucose is the only source of energy for nervous tissue.

glucagon is released

When blood glucose levels fall, A) insulin is released. B) glucagon is released. C) peripheral cells take up less glucose. D) protein synthesis decreases. E) both B and C

insulin is released

When blood glucose levels rise, A) insulin is released. B) glucagon is released. C) peripheral cells take up less glucose. D) protein synthesis decreases. E) peripheral cells begin storing glucose as glycogen.

Tends to increase blood glucose concentrations

Which of the following is a function of glucagon? A) Promotes the entry of glucose into tissue cells B) Tends to decrease blood glucose concentrations C) Tends to increase blood glucose concentrations D) Converts glucose into glycogen

Chemical messenger travels short distance

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the endocrine system? A) Chemical messenger travels short distance. B) Effector tissues include virtually all tissues. C) Characteristics of regulatory effects are slow to appear and long-lasting. D) Receptors are located on the plasma membrane or within the effector cell.

Cells can have receptors for hormones or for neurotransmitters but not for both

Which of the following statements is false? A) Both the nervous system and endocrine system use chemicals to send messages. B) For the nervous and endocrine systems to function, the receiving cells must have the correct type of receptors. C) Cells can have receptors for hormones or for neurotransmitters but not for both. D) The nervous and endocrine systems can be seen as one system—the neuroendocrine system.

Hormones

_______________ are chemical messengers that are released in one tissue and transported in the bloodstream to alter the activities of specific cells in other tissues. A) Hormones B) Neuropeptides C) Neurotransmitters D) Humoral antibodies E) none of the above