Endocrine system chapter 17 pathology

Cretinism is characterized by

- arrested mental and physical development - dystrophy of bones - lowered basal metabolism

Desies of the pancreas (3)

- diabetes mellitus type 1 - diabetes mellitus type 2 - pancreas cancer

Goiter is an enlargement of the thyroid not associated with (2)

- inflammation - cancer

Cancer of the pancreas is characterized by (9)

- pain in the upper abdomen - pain in upper back - jaundice - dark urine - weakness - loss of appetite -nauseas - vomiting - weight loss

Iodine is important for what

- production of the thyroid hormone

Graves disease

-Distinct type of hyperthyroidism - autoimmune attack on the thyroid gland

Myxedema is caused by (3)

-Iodine deficiency -surgical removal of thyroid gland - excessive use of thyroid drugs

Acromegaly is caused by

A benign tumor of the pituitary gland called adenoma

Diabetes insipidus is

A disorder where the kidney can't conserve water

Diabetes is

A metabolic disorder in which the carbohydrates that break down into sugars in the digestive system sent digested properly because the lack of insulin production

Crushing's syndrome effects the ___________ ________

Adrenal gland

Addisons disease is caused by the failure of

Adrenal gland fails to produce enough of the hormones cortisol or aldosterone

Crushing's syndrome affects what? Due to what?

Affects the adrenal glands Due to glucocorticoid hormone therapy

Crushing's syndrome

An iatrogenic disorder of the adrenal glands due to chronic glucocorticoid hormone therapy

Adenoma

Being tumor of the pituitary gland causing acromegaly

Untreated diabetes can cause(3)

Blindness Carbuncle of the leg and feet Ulcers of the feet

The main addisons disease characteristics is

Bronze discoloration

When does giantism and dwarfism start

Childhood

Acromegaly is a _______ deisease that is caused by the _____production of ________

Chronic Over Human growth hormone

Addisons disease is also known as

Chronic adrenal insufficiency or Hypocortislism

Myxedema

Clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism - infiltration of the skin by gelatinous substance formed from the binding of water and mucopolysaccharide which give the skin a waxy or coarsened appearance

Endemic goiter aka

Colloid goiter

Difference between cretinism and myxedema

Cretinism is children Myxedema adults

Cause if diabetes insipidus (4)

Damage to the hypothalamus or pituitary gland as a result of surgery,infection, tumors, head injury - defects of kidneys inheared by male children from their mother - polycystic kidney - effects of drugs amphotericin b and lithium

Most pancreatic cancer begins where

Ducts that carry pancreatic juices

Postmortem conditions resulting from endocrine system disorders (4)

Edema Discoloration Deformities Circulatory disturbance

Symptoms of diabetes (4)

Elevated blood sugar Excessive urination Excessive thirst Increased appetite

Acromegaly causes

Elongation of bones of the extremities and certain head bones (especially frontal bone and jaw)

Symptoms of myxedema (8)

Enlarged tongue Coarse thick edematous skin Slow speech Puffiness of hands and feet Dry hair Mental apathy Drowsiness Cold sensitivity

Crushing's syndrome is a ____ of _____ hormone

Excess Adrenocortical

Goiter

Excessive growth of the thyroid gland due to a lack of iodine in the diet

Polyuria

Excessive urination

Graves disease is aka __________ because of what two symptoms

Exophalamic goiter - protrusion of eyes - presence of goiter

Most common sign of graves disease

Exophthalmia

Most pronounced symptoms with diabetes insipidus (2)

Extreme thirst Excessive urination

What does acromegaly mean In greek

Extremities And Enlargement

Waterhouse- friderish syndrome

Failure of the adrenal glands to secret appropriate levels of corticosteroids due to bleeding with in the adrenal cortex

Hypergrowth as a child can lead to (1)

Giant

Most common type of hyperthyroidism

Graves disease

What is the leading cause of hyperthyroidism

Graves disease

How are cretinism and myxedema treated

Hormone replacement therapy

Endocrine disorders are classified by

Hormones either being over produced or under produces Or disease associated with creating lessions

Somatotropin

Human growth hormone secreted by the pituitary gland

Bronze discoloration is considered a ________ ______________

Hyper pigmentation

Acromegaly

Hyperfunction of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland after ossification has been completed

Cretinism

Hypothyroid condition of infants and children Where the thyroid doesn't secret sufficient quantities of thyroid hormones

Cretinism

Hypothyroid condition of infants and children in which the thyroid gland does not secret sufficient quantities of thyroid hormones

Crushing's syndrome cause

Iatrogenic

Non toxic goiter is a results from what

Idiopathic but has been shown to be affected by lithium and amingluethimide medication

Causes of nontoxic goiter

Idiopathic but may result from lithium and aminoglutethimide medication

The pancreas produces

Insulin

Type 1 diabetes aka

Insulin dependent diabetes

If a child is not born with cretinism what would be a likely cause

Iodine deficiency in diet

Colloid goiter are generally a result of what

Lack of iodine in the diet

Parathyroid glands regulate what

Levels of calcium in body tissues

Pancreatic cancer cells are usually found where when it metastasizes (4)

Lymphnodes Peritoneum Liver Lungs

Gives the skin a waxy or corsened look

Myxedema

If hypersecretion of hgh occurs in adult hood does it cause giantism

No because the bones are already ossified it causes acromegaly

Type 2 diabetes aka

Non insulin dependent diabetes

Sporadic goiter aka

Non toxic goiter

Sporadic goiter aka

Nontoxic goiter

Unserproduction of parathyroid hormones causes what symptoms (3)

Numbness of extremities and mouth Muscle cramps of hand and feet irritability and depression

Hyperthyroidism

Overactive thyroid gland

Giantism

Overstimulation of the pituitary produces and excess amount of growth hormone and can result in abnormal growth of the body

Where is insulin produced

Pancreatic islets

Parts of the endocrine system (8)

Pituitary gland Thyroid gland Pineal gland Parathyroid gland Adrenal glands The pancreas Testicles Ovaries

Where is antidiuretic produced where is it stored where is it released

Produced - hypothalamus Stored and released - pituitary gland

Exophalamia

Protrusion of eyes

Addisons disease is a ----- deisease

Rare

Addison deisease

Rare endocrine disorder when the adrenal glands fail to produce enough hormones cortisol or aldosterone

Steroids do what

Reduce inflammation

The function of the kidney to retain water is controlled by what

Release of antidiuretic hormone from the pituitary gland

Cancer of the pancreas is a _____ disease

Silent

The pituitary gland is responsible for secreting several hormones like

Somatotropin (hgh)

Pancreatic islets aka

The islets of Langerhans

Hyperplasia the gland is enlarged because

There are more cells then there use to be

What type of diabetes is insulin dependent

Type 1

Why aren't goiters common in the us

We add iodine in salt

Who is more effected by graves disease

Women 25-40

Myxedema can refer to condition of ________ in children but ___________..

hyprothyroidism More prevalently referred to hypothyroidism in adults