Energy

The ____ is the source of all energy in our atmosphere.

Sun

A change from one form of energy into another is called

an energy transformation.

An example of something that stores chemical energy is

a match

The process of water vapor changing to a liquid is called ____.

condensation

One form of energy changes to one other form

single transformation

The hydrogen bomb relies on the process of nuclear fission.

true

The energy of rest, or stored energy

potential energy

A 5.0 kg bowling ball is rolling down the lane at 4.0 m/s. What is the kinetic energy of the bowling ball?

40 J

How much of the ultraviolet radiation from the Sun is absorbed by oxygen and ozone?

95-99.9%

What kind of energy source transforms heat energy from the Earth into mechanical and electrical energy?

Geothermal

How would you calculate an object's mechanical energy?

Add its kinetic and potential energies.

What is formed by solar protons and electrons traveling along the Earth's magnetic lines?

Auroras

Which of the following results in the release of nuclear energy?

Both the breaking of nuclear bonds and the forming of nuclear bonds.

All of the following statements are true of hydroelectric power EXCEPT:

Hydroelectric power stations can only produce enough energy for a small town as they do not produce large quantities of energy.

What happens to the heat that is produced from fission reactions that occur in nuclear power plants?

It is used to turn water into steam.

What is the main reason that people are hesitant to use nuclear energy?

It produces radioactive waste.

Which of the following statements about nuclear energy is true?

Nuclear energy is contained in nuclear bonds.

The use of nuclear energy can have both positive and negative consequences. Which of the following is a positive consequence of using nuclear energy?

Nuclear energy produces little air pollution.

______ states that energy cannot be created or destroyed.

The law of conservation of energy

What best describes the changes in kinetic and potential energy as the car travels from point A to point B?

Kinetic energy increases, and potential energy decreases.

Over long periods of time, buried animal and plant remains are converted into coal by high temperatures and pressure.

true

Sunlight is a form of electromagnetic energy.

true

The Sun is the original source of the energy in fossil fuels.

true

The energy transformations in a car's engine are an example of multiple transformations.

true

To maintain your body temperature, your body converts chemical potential energy into thermal energy.

true

Which of the following is not an example of a fossil fuel being used?

using wood to build a fire

Creates clouds, snow, sleet, rain and hail

water cycle

Conversion of the Sun's energy from fossil fuels into electricity does NOT involve:

wind

The energy associated with motion is called

kinetic energy

If the horizontal line represents the reference point, the pendulum has ___________ energy at point B

only kinetic

A compressed spring has elastic potential energy.

true

What is the difference between a 60 Watt light bulb and a 100 Watt light bulb?

A 60 watt light bulb transfers less energy per second than does a 100 watt light bulb

The scientist who suggested that energy can be created under certain conditions was

Einstein.

How is the heat generated by the reactor core of a nuclear power plant used to provide power to buildings?

It generates steam, which turns a turbine, powering a generator.

Nuclear reactions produce huge amounts of energy by transforming tiny amounts of matter.

true

Different processes are used to create nuclear energy. Which of the following is true of nuclear fission, but not of nuclear fusion?

Nuclear fission occurs when an atom splits, while nuclear fusion occurs when atoms are joined together.

There are positive and negative consequences to producing energy using different methods. Which of the following is a reasonable argument for the use of nuclear power plants?

Nuclear power provides electricity at the lowest cost.

____ is the transfer of energy in the form of rays or waves.

Radiation

Which of the following is true of both nuclear fusion and nuclear fission?

They both have a high energy output.

When generators are spun by turbines, they

produce electricity

If the velocity of an object is doubled, its kinetic energy is ______.

quadrupled

What type of energy is released when fossil fuels are burned?

chemical energy

process by which water vapor changes to a liquid

condensation

transfer of heat through flowing material

convection

What is the process in which large hydrocarbons are converted into smaller hydrocarbons, which provide better fuel?

cracking

Visible light is an example of

electromagnetic energy.

The ability to do work is called

energy

A ball thrown into the air has its greatest kinetic energy as it reaches the highest point in its path.

false

An electric motor converts electrical energy to potential energy.

false

During combustion, a fuel's electromagnetic energy is converted into thermal energy.

false

Fossil fuels contain kinetic energy stored millions of years ago.

false

Fossil fuels such as coal store chemical kinetic energy.

false

In power plants, generators convert mechanical energy into chemical energy.

false

Nearly all of the energy that Earth receives from the Sun is used in photosynthesis.

false

Radiation requires a heated liquid to transfer energy.

false

The kinetic energy of a book on a shelf is equal to the work done to lift the book to the shelf.

false

There are no negative consequences to using nuclear energy.

false

Wood is an example of a fossil fuel.

false

Potential energy that depends on height is called

gravitational potential energy

In order to increase thermal energy, the temperature must ___________.

increase

What type of energy does a spinning turbine have?

mechanical energy

The nuclear accident at Chernobyl was _______ than the accident at Three Mile Island.

more devastating

When two smaller atoms combine into a larger atom, _______ has occurred.

nuclear fusion

An example of a fossil fuel is

petroleum

The rate at which energy is transferred is called

power

Which of the following is a possible use for nuclear energy?

power plants weapons powering submarines

Which of the following is a typical product of nuclear fission?

radiation

When Earth receives energy from the Sun, ____.

some energy is reflected back into space. some is absorbed by the atmosphere some is absorbed by land and water on Earth's surface

What is created when combustion happens without enough oxygen?

soot

Unlike kinetic energy, potential energy is

stored

Fossil fuels contain energy that originally came from

the sun

Control rods are used to slow down the reaction in the reactor core when the core becomes too hot.

true

Light is one of the forms of electromagnetic energy.

true

Mechanical energy is found by adding an object's potential energy and kinetic energy.

true

Moving current has electrical energy.

true

Nuclear fusion occurs in stars.

true

Nuclear fusion produces more energy than nuclear fission, but requires more initial energy.

true

Nuclear power plants require a lot of water to operate.

true