energy

Define conduction. What type of matter can conduction transfer through? Why?

Conduction is the transfer of energy in the form of heat or electricity from one atom to another within an object by direct contact. Conduction occurs in solids, liquids, and gases. Heat can be transferred from one place to another by three methods: conduction in solids, convection of fluids liquids or gases and radiation through anything that will allow radiation to pass. The method used to transfer heat is usually the one that is the most efficient.

Define convection. What type of matter can convection transfer through? Why?

Convection is the transfer of heat by the movement of a fluid (liquid or gas) between areas of different temperature. Warm air is less dense than cold air, and so convection currents can form in the presence of a temperature gradient. ... The faster the fluid is moved, the faster the rate of convection.

As friction turns kinetic energy into thermal, what happens to the total amount of energy?

Friction is a resistive force to motion. When two bodies move against each other some of the kinetic energy is converted to heat energy due to friction. This reduces the total kinetic energy in the system. This is the reason why there is an increase in temperature in objects that move against each other.

What is the freezing and boiling point for the Fahrenheit scale? The Celsius scale? What does absolute zero on the Kelvin scale represent?

Kelvin Scale. The only difference between the scales is their starting points: 0 K is "absolute zero," while 0°C is the freezing point of water. One can convert degrees Celsius to kelvins by adding 273.15; thus, the boiling point of water, 100°C, is 373.15 K.

What kind of energy transformations take place when: • You turn on a lamp? • You turn on a heater? • You burn a log? • You eat an apple? • A plant undergoes photosynthesis?

LAMP: potential and kinetic energy HEATER: potential energy LOG:Thermal energy EAT APPLE: Thermal energy PLANT: kinetic energy

Define thermal expansion and explain why it occurs: discuss the particle movement and distance.

Most materials expand when they are heated, and contract when they are cooled. When free to deform, concrete will expand or contract due to fluctuations in temperature. The size of the concrete structure whether it is a bridge, a highway, or a building does not make it immune to the effects of temperature. When substances expand or contract, their particles stay the same size. It is the space between the particles that changes: the particles in a solid vibrate more when it is heated, and take up more room. the particles in a liquid move around each other more when it is heated, and take up more room.

What is energy? give to examples

The ability to do work or cause change. the strength and vitality required for sustained physical or mental activity.

Contrast thermal conductors and thermal insulators.

The conductor and insulator are the types of material. One of the major difference between the conductor and insulator is that the conductor allows the energy (i.e., current or heat ) to pass through it, whereas the insulator does not allow the energy to pass through it.

What is temperature?

The measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules.

In the example of a ball rolling down a hill, where is potential energy the greatest? Where is kinetic energy the greatest? What is true about the sum of potential and kinetic energy at any point?

The potential energy of the previous on the top. Kinetic energy is the greatest halfway down the hill because of more friction invoice. The sum of potential and kinetic energy at any point Shows how much friction is being transformed and the sheet that shows from the temperature increasing.

Waste energy is what type of energy? Why is it called waste energy?

The solid wastes can be converted into gas to produce energy. We can generate electricity by burning solid waste found in the landfills. A community must have a waste to energy facility that incinerates garbage and transforms chemical energy into thermal energy. some energies are electricity and heat.

What is work and how does it relate to energy?How can you tell if work was done?

There is a strong connection between work and energy, in a sense that when there is a net force doing work on an object, the object's kinetic energy will change by an amount equal to the work done: Note that the work in this equation is the work done by the net force, rather than the work done by an individual force. You can tell when work has been done when the object has a different chemical equation or different physical appearance.

Explain why thermal conductors transfer energy easily. Explain why thermal insulators transfer energy slowly.

Thermal conductors transfer energy easily because Conduction is usually faster in certain solids and liquids than in gases. Materials that are good conductors of thermal energy are called thermal conductors. Metals are especially good thermal conductors because they have freely moving electrons that can transfer thermal energy quickly and easily. An insulator actually works by trapping energy. During the winter, you use insulators such as wool to slow the loss of your body heat to cold air. The wool traps air against your body, and because both air and wool are poor conductors, you lose body heat at a slower rate.

Contrast thermal energy and temperature

They both have to do with kinetic energy and heat. But thermal energy is kinetic and potential energy that creates energy. Tempeture is the heat of an object when thermal energy is the type of energy produced.

Define thermal contraction and explain why it occurs: discuss the particle movement and distance.

When heat is added to a substance, the molecules and atoms vibrate faster. As atoms vibrate faster, the space between atoms increases. The motion and spacing of the particles determines the state of matter of the substance. The end result of increased molecular motion is that the object expands and takes up more space. it's just creates more heat and friction.

What is thermal energy? What are two ways that it can be increased?

When the average kinetic energy of its particles increases, the object's thermal energy increases. Therefore, the thermal energy of an object increases as its temperature increases. it is the sum of kinetic and potential energy that is released in particles.

Describe the energy transformations that take place as you roll a ball down hill. What is true about the total energy at any point in the balls movement?

When the ball is rolling down the hill it creates friction between the ball and the hill. The total energy at the point of the ball movement is that friction is being increased by the steepness of the hill creating more movement, force, and friction.

Describe electric energy

energy carried by an electric current

What is potential energy? give two examples that depend on this.

energy that is stored as a result of position or shape. The factors that affect an object's gravitational potential energy are its height relative to some reference point, its mass, and the strength of the gravitational field it is in.

What is gravitational potential energy? give two factors that depend on gravitational energy.

it is energy that an object has depending on its height, the work done against the force of gravity. The factors that affect an object's gravitational potential energy are its height relative to some reference point, its mass, and the strength of the gravitational field it is in.

Describe thermal energy

kinetic; the faster atoms move, the warmer it is and just heat in general

Describe mechanical energy.

motion/position of object; can be kinetic or potential. when mechanical energy is the sum of potential energy and kinetic energy. It is the energy associated with the motion and position of an object.

Describe nuclear energy.

potential energy stored by forces used to hold nuclei together

What is chemical potential energy? give an example. how is it released?

potential energy stored within the chemical bonds of an object. Wood. The chemical energy in a substance is a type of potential energy stored within the substance. This stored chemical potential energy is the heat content or enthalpy of the substance. If the enthalpy decreases during a chemical reaction, a corresponding amount of energy must be released to the surroundings.

State the law of conservation of energy. What is true about the total amount of energy in the universe?

principle stating that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can be altered from one form to another. The zero-energy universe hypothesis proposes that the total amount of energy in the universe is exactly zero: its amount of positive energy in the form of matter is exactly canceled out by its negative energy in the form of gravity.

Describe radiant energy

radiant energy is the energy of electromagnetic and gravitational radiation. As energy, The quantity of radiant energy may be calculated by integrating radiant flux with respect to time

Describe sound energy

results from the vibration of particles; travels in waves; cannot travel through empty space, must have air particles to vibrate

Define radiation. What type of matter can radiation transfer through? Does it require matter to be present in order to transfer thermal energy?

the emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or as moving subatomic particles, especially high-energy particles which cause ionization Heat may be transferred by means of conduction, convection, or radiation. Conduction is the transfer of thermal energy (heat in transfer) due to collisions between the molecules in the object. Collisions between adjacent atoms and molecules transfer kinetic energy from the warmer to the cooler object. The faster those molecules vibrate and move, the more heat energy they contain. There are three ways heat energy can be transferred: conduction, convection, and radiation. ... Radiation is the transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves.

What is kinetic energy? What two factors depend on it?

the energy an object has due to its motion. The energy an object had due to its motion. The kinetic energy of an object depends on both its mass and its speed. Kinetic energy increased as mass and speed are increased.

what is the heat of the particles?

the heat of the particles show the amount of the tempeture and the decreasing and the increasing of the objects tempeture.

Define specific heat.

the heat required to raise the temperature of the unit mass of a given substance by a given amount (usually one degree).

What is elastic potential energy? give an example

the potential energy associated with objects that can be stretched or compressed. rubber band

What is heat? What does the rate of heating depend on? When does heating stop?

the quality of being hot; high temperature. Heat transfer is most efficient by convection, then by conduction; radiation is the least efficient and slowest means of heat transfer. Low efficiency of heat transfer means that vacuums make excellent insulation. The specific heat is the amount of heat per unit mass required to raise the temperature by one degree Celsius. The relationship between heat and temperature change is usually expressed in the form shown below where c is the specific heat.

Explain why the liquid rose in the hand boiler. Discuss the kinetic and potential energy of the particles. Why did it go up? Why did it go back down? What does density have to do with what happened?

the water rose in the hand water because then it increased the water volume and made it more dense. WhatI feel that the water surfaces for thermal energy into the air. It said that thinking about kinetic and potential energy what are to the surface. It went down because all the water in the beaker was now the same temperature.

What type of energy does friction produce?

thermal energy

Describe two ways that you could increase the potential energy of a ball rolling down a hill.

you can increase and cheapo ball rolling down a hill by putting the ball at a higher hill and distance with pushing force and the more the distance and heat will be increased.