English 2 Honors Sem 2

How does the first paragraph of The Dark Game best support the central idea that the Civil War was a long war? It shares the detail that the war lasted four years. It states what people believed about the war at the time. It tells how many soldiers actually died in the war. It gives an example of a battle that lasted almost two days.

1

Both Americans and Soviet citizens listened to President Reagan's Address at Moscow State University. Which best describes the different purposes of the speech for American and Soviet audiences? Reagan's purpose was to discourage Americans from making political changes and to remind Soviets of their freedoms. Reagan's purpose was to remind Americans of their freedoms and to encourage Soviets to allow more individual freedom. Reagan's purpose was to discourage both Americans and Soviets from making political changes. Reagan's purpose was to remind both Americans and Soviets of their freedoms.

2

A central idea in The Code Book is the concern that much of the world's information is not secure. Which lines from the passage best support this central idea? Check all that apply. it could be that the laws of mathematics forbid the existence of a significant shortcut only a small fraction of the information flowing around the world is securely encrypted companies are already supplying shielding material that can be used to line the walls of a room few of these people take adequate precautions in terms of privacy law enforcers and anybody else with a curious mind can get their hands on more information

2,4,5

A high school student has just won a science award from NASA, and the local paper is reporting on this accomplishment. Which headline would best indicate that the priority of the news source is to maintain credibility? Science Whiz Wins Big Time High School Senior's Determination Pays Off Jones High School Senior Wins NASA Award Smith's Accomplishments Amaze the Community

3

Compare the dictionary and thesaurus entries for the word compliment. What information about the word compliment can be found in both the dictionary and thesaurus entries? antonyms synonyms pronunciations parts of speech

4

According to the dictionary, -ment can refer to an action, a place, or a state resulting from an action. This definition is useful to know because -ment functions as a suffix. verb. prefix. root.

1

Which statements about the controlling idea of a text are true? Select 4 options. It includes the topic of the text. It includes quotes from experts. It includes the author's viewpoint. It is usually stated in the text's introduction. It is the underlying message of the text. It is comparable to the theme (for a work of fiction).

1,3,5,6

Which words share a word root with educate? Select two options. duet conduct edifice deduction duplicate

2,4

Which elements does a strong argumentative essay always contain? Select two options. anecdote claim comparison effect evidence

2,5

Which sentence contains a restrictive clause? The road, which was long and winding, took us deeper and deeper into the dark forest. The parrot, which must have been tame, flew out of the tree and landed on my shoulder. Aware that I could be bitten, I carefully approached the trapped dog, which growled at me. I chose the player who ran fastest, but the other captain wanted the one with the hardest kick.

4

When an adaptation changes an older story's theme, it removes the older story's theme. keeps the older story's theme exactly as it is. modifies or challenges the older story's theme. confirms the older story's theme.

NOT 2

What is the chief claim of "What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?" Black people deserve equal treatment and status in the United States. Slavery is unconstitutional, and it should be abolished. Black people are deserving of more respect. The tradition of slavery in the United States has harmed the Black population.

NOT 4

A rhetorical device uses language to

persuade

Read the sentence. The antique rocking chair in the corner is mine. In this sentence, "mine" is a(n) objectiveintensivesubjective✔ possessive pronoun.

possessive

The way a text is built, arranged, and organized is referred to as

structure

As you read an informational text, it is important to ask yourself questions to make sure you _____ it.

understand

Read the sentence. In her essay, Lucie will focus on Shakespeare's sonnets. Which verb tense is underlined? present future past future perfect

NOT 4

To improve understanding of an informational paragraph, which questions are best to ask? Select 5 options. What is this paragraph mostly about? Are there any unfamiliar words I need to learn? What is the author's claim? How does the evidence relate to the claim? How long is this paragraph compared to the others? Is the evidence relevant to the claim? Should the author cut this paragraph from the text?

1,2,3,4,6

Trina is writing a summary of an article on global warming. To write a good summary, what should Trina do? Select four options. think about what the central ideas of the article are paraphrase the central ideas of the article write the central ideas of the article in her own words make the summary the same length as the article condense the central ideas into a shorter form use sentences from the article without quotation marks include as many details from the article as she can

1,2,3,5

Read the sentence. Joe kept pace with his brother as they were running around the track until he became too tired and had to stop. Which sentences correct the vague pronoun problem in the sentence? Check all that apply. He kept pace with his brother as they were running around the track until he became too tired and had to stop. Until Joe became too tired and had to stop, he kept pace with his brother as they were running around the track. Joe kept pace with him as they were running around the track until he became too tired and had to stop. Until he became too tired and had to stop, he kept pace with his brother as they were running around the track.

1,5

To evaluate the effectiveness of an argument, the reader needs to assess whether the author's reasons and evidence are: exciting relevant sensational inaccurate

2

What elements should be included in a paragraph that evaluates a writer's argument? Select three options. a brief biography of the writer a summary of the writer's claim an analysis of the writer's concluding statements an analysis of the writer's reasons and evidence a response to the writer's position saying if it is right or wrong

2,3,4

What do the body paragraphs in a comparative essay do? They persuade the readers to the writer's point of view. They summarize the main idea and give an overview. They include details and examples supporting the thesis statement. They conclude the essay and restate the thesis statement.

3

Read the excerpt from The Code Book. Although traffic analysis, tempest attacks, viruses and Trojan horses are all useful techniques for gathering information, cryptanalysts realize that their real goal is to find a way of cracking the RSA cipher, the cornerstone of modern encryption.The RSA cipher is used to protect the most important military, diplomatic, commercial and criminal communications—exactly the messages that intelligence gathering organizations want to decipher. If they are to challenge strong RSA encryption, cryptanalysts will need to make a major theoretical or technological breakthrough. What is the central idea of this paragraph? The Trojan horse technique is most effective in data gathering. The RSA cipher secures much of the world's important information. Information gathering will fail without new technology development. Breaking RSA code is the greatest challenge for cryptanalysts.

4

Read the excerpt from The Dark Game: True Spy Stories from Invisible Ink to CIA Moles. Armed with invisible ink, a cipher system, and a passion to end the war and preserve the Union, Elizabeth Van Lew became Butler's eyes and ears in the Confederate capital city. Truth be told, however, she became much more than that. She became a spymaster, the person responsible for running a network of agents, couriers, and safe houses that was very active during the war. Which word best describes the tone of the passage? curious nostalgic triumphant respectful

4

Read the excerpt from The Dark Game: True Spy Stories from Invisible Ink to CIA Moles. One week later, news of the Zimmermann telegram was splashed across the front page of American newspapers. On April 6, 1917, the Congress of the United States declared war on Germany and its allies. If the underlined word were replaced with the word "typed," the tone of the excerpt would be more judgmental. more optimistic. less intellectual. less dramatic.

4

Which is the compound sentence? For thrill-seeking families, go-cart racing is a fun adventure. There is often a minimum age or size requirement for go-cart drivers. If speedy drivers get stuck in back, they can pass when the flag is green. Some family members tear up the track, but others proceed with caution.

4

The Code Book is ✔ more scientificmore humorousless detailedless complicated than The Dark Game because it is written in technical terms.

more scientific

Read the excerpt about Elizabeth Van Lew from The Dark Game: True Spy Stories from Invisible Ink to CIA Moles. No one in Libby Prison hospital paid much attention to this tiny, birdlike woman with a thin nose and alert blue eyes as she went about her business of visiting the hospitalized soldiers. She read to them and brought them baskets of goodies. The Confederate guards had no idea that this kindhearted woman was gathering military intelligence from the prisoners and laying the groundwork for espionage activities. Which statement best describes the author's viewpoint about Elizabeth Van Lew? Van Lew's modest looks and actions helped her spying success. Van Lew's kindness to Civil War soldiers impressed the prison guards. Van Lew visited wounded soldiers at Libby Prison during the Civil War. Van Lew gathered military information from wounded soldiers.

1

Read the excerpt from "A Latina Judge's Voice" by Hon. Sonia Sotomayor. Like many other immigrants to this great land, my parents came because of poverty and to attempt to find and secure a better life for themselves and the family that they hoped to have. They largely succeeded. For that, my brother and I are very grateful. The story of that success is what made me and what makes me the Latina that I am. The Latina side of my identity was forged and closely nurtured by my family through our shared experiences and traditions. How do the underlined words and phrases affect the meaning and tone of this passage? They express pride in family and culture. They express the importance of education. They convey a feeling of sadness. They convey a feeling of seriousness.

1

Read the excerpt from Prime Minister Winston Churchill's "Their Finest Hour" speech, delivered to the United Kingdom's House of Commons in 1940. During the first four years of the last war the Allies experienced nothing but disaster and disappointment. That was our constant fear: one blow after another, terrible losses, frightful dangers. Everything miscarried. And yet at the end of those four years the morale of the Allies was higher than that of the Germans, who had moved from one aggressive triumph to another, and who stood everywhere triumphant invaders of the lands into which they had broken. The rhetorical technique used in this excerpt is shift. understatement. logos. parallelism.

1

Read the excerpt from The Code Book. Other attacks include the use of viruses and Trojan horses. Eve might design a virus that infects PGP software and sits quietly inside Alice's computer. When Alice uses her private key to decrypt a message, the virus would wake up and make a note of it. The next time that Alice connects to the Internet, the virus would surreptitiously send the private key to Eve, thereby allowing her to decipher all subsequent messages sent to Alice. One way to better connect with this excerpt is to tell about an experience with a computer virus. define the specific details of a PGP virus. research decryption viruses on the Internet. contrast viruses with Trojan horse attacks.

1

Read the excerpt from The Dark Game by Paul Janeczko. As a result of the cut cables, Germany lost its most secure long-distance communications system. The Germans now had to rely on radio transmissions from their powerful wireless station at Nauen, a few miles from Berlin. Which was exactly what the British military knew they would have to do. And once the Germans began sending wireless messages, MI8, the British code breakers, began plucking them from the air. Of course, all German correspondence was sent in a complicated cipher system, so that was when the hard work began for the code breakers of MI8. To introduce the topic, Janeczko includes relevant historical facts. quotations from military sources. statistics from code breakers. surprising personal anecdotes.

1

Read the excerpt from The Dark Game by Paul Janeczko. While U.S. intelligence agencies were not prepared to keep track of and stop German operatives who had slipped into this country, their counterparts in England did have the personnel and system to take on the German espionage machine. True, the British had more at stake in the war, but they also were much better prepared to fight Germany in espionage battles, with some of their best work done in the area of codes and ciphers. What topic does Janeczko introduce in this passage? British efforts to challenge German spies the growth of U.S. intelligence agencies ways to crack complex codes German supremacy among international spies

1

Read the excerpt from The Dark Game. Mr. H. quickly began talking to his contacts in the city. Soon he heard of a British printer in Mexico City who had been falsely arrested for printing counterfeit money. Mr. H. intervened with the British minister, who got the frightened printer released from custody and the charges against him dropped. The printer, overjoyed to be free, told Mr. H. that he would welcome the opportunity to repay the agent for his intervention. As a matter of fact, Mr. H. told him, there was a favor the printer could do for him. Which inference can a reader make based on the information in the excerpt? Mr. H. knew the printer would help them upon release from prison. Mr. H. was very concerned for the falsely imprisoned printer. Mr. H. and the printer had known each other for a long time. Mr. H. originally had not intended to employ the printer's help.

1

Which is the complex sentence? When summer approaches, many high school students look for employment. The local amusement park uses high schoolers to staff rides and attractions. New workers sell tickets, and experienced workers run the roller coasters. Some amusement park jobs are tedious, but many are enjoyable.

1

Which statement about expository writing is true? It conveys information in a straightforward way. It entertains by telling a narrative story. It argues to convince the reader of an opinion. It encourages readers to take action.

1

Which statement is the most effective claim? Organic foods are a healthier option than conventional foods. It is easier to find organic foods than to find conventional foods. Restaurants are beginning to serve more organic foods. Some think that organic foods are tastier than conventional foods.

1

Read this excerpt about Elizabeth Van Lew from The Dark Game. She became a spymaster, the person responsible for running a network of agents, couriers, and safe houses that was very active during the war. In addition to the spying, Elizabeth Van Lew continued to maintain her Church Hill home as a safe house and something of a local Union spy headquarters. How does this excerpt develop the central idea that Elizabeth Van Lew helped expand the role of women in society? Choose two answers. It states how Van Lew acted as an important leader and manager at a time when women were generally discouraged from taking on those roles. It shows that Van Lew was dedicated to a cause outside of her family and worked hard for her beliefs. It illustrates how Van Lew became the most successful spy during the war and greatly helped the Union Army, though she was a woman. It describes how Van Lew organized women to fight for their legal rights and equal representation in government.

1 and 2

Read the excerpt from The Dark Game. Cable messages from Europe to the United States traveled through transatlantic cables that passed deep in the English Channel. The British saw the cables as an opportunity to gain access to secret diplomatic messages sent from Berlin to its ambassador in Washington, D.C. Knowing they couldn't tap the cables the way they could tap phone lines, the British did the next best thing. The cable ship Telconia cut all five of the cables that carried communications through the channel. Which types of structures are used in the text? Select 2 options. problem and solution cause and effect chronological comparison and contrast

1 and 3

Read the excerpt from "Ain't I a Woman?" by Sojourner Truth. That man over there says that women need to be helped into carriages, and lifted over ditches, and to have the best place everywhere. Nobody ever helps me into carriages, or over mud-puddles, or gives me any best place! And ain't I a woman? Look at me! Look at my arm! I have ploughed and planted, and gathered into barns, and no man could head me! And ain't I a woman? I could work as much and eat as much as a man—when I could get it—and bear the lash as well! And ain't I a woman? I have borne thirteen children, and seen most all sold off to slavery, and when I cried out with my mother's grief, none but Jesus heard me! And ain't I a woman? Which rhetorical techniques does the speaker use in this excerpt? Select three options. ethos shift pathos parallelism understatement

1,3,4

Read the excerpt from activist Cesar Chavez's 1984 address to the Commonwealth Club of San Francisco. All my life, I have been driven by one dream, one goal, one vision: To overthrow a farm labor system in this nation which treats farm workers as if they were not important human beings. Farm workers are not agricultural implements—they are not beasts of burden to be used and discarded. . . . . . . My motivation comes from my personal life—from watching what my mother and father went through when I was growing up—from what we experienced as migrant farm workers in California. That dream, that vision, grew from my own experience with racism—with hope—with the desire to be treated fairly and to see my people treated as human beings and not as chattel. It grew from anger and rage—emotions I felt 40 years ago when people of my color were denied the right to see a movie or eat at a restaurant in many parts of California. It grew from the frustration and humiliation I felt as a boy who couldn't understand how the growers could abuse and exploit farm workers when there were so many of us and so few of them. Which ideas from the excerpt would be most appropriate to include in a summary? Select two options. My singular objective has been to change farming practices so workers are respected. There was a time when people like me were not welcome in restaurants or theaters. I have been angry for at least 40 years because of horrible experiences in my life. This dream for change came from my own experiences of racism and mistreatment. My dreams for change came from watching my parents as I was growing up.

1,4

Read the excerpt from "A Latina Judge's Voice" by Hon. Sonia Sotomayor. My Latina soul was nourished as I visited and played at my grandmother's house with my cousins and extended family. They were my friends as I grew up. Being a Latina child was watching the adults playing dominos on Saturday night and us kids playing lotería, bingo, with my grandmother calling out the numbers which we marked on our cards with chickpeas. How do Sotomayor's descriptions of her family most likely affect readers? They show readers how Latina families decorate their homes. They give readers images of the importance of family. They describe the struggle Sotomayor endured in becoming a judge. They give readers feelings of hopelessness and desperation.

2

Read the excerpt from The Code Book. However, as with every technology, there is a dark side to encryption. As well as protecting the communications of law-abiding citizens, encryption also protects the communications of criminals and terrorists. Currently, the police use wiretapping as a way of gathering evidence in serious cases, such as organized crime and terrorism, but this would be impossible if criminals used unbreakable ciphers. As we enter the twenty-first century, the fundamental dilemma for cryptography is to find a way of allowing the public and business to use encryption in order to exploit the benefits of the Information Age without allowing criminals to abuse encryption and evade arrest. There is currently an active and vigorous debate about the best way forward, and much of the discussion has been inspired by the story of Phil Zimmermann, a man whose attempts to encourage the widespread use of strong encryption have panicked America's security experts, threatened the effectiveness of the billion-dollar National Security Agency, and made him the subject of an FBI inquiry and a grand jury investigation. Which detail is most relevant to the claim that there is a "dark side to encryption"? Zimmermann encourages everyone to use strong encryption. Criminals could use encryption to avoid the law and cause terror. Zimmermann has made security experts panic because of his encryption. Encryption software can protect the privacy of law-abiding citizens.

2

Read the excerpt from The Code Book. Just as Whit Diffie predicted in the early 1970s, we are now entering the Information Age, a postindustrial era in which information is the most valuable commodity. The exchange of digital information has become an integral part of our society. Already, tens of millions of e-mails are sent each day, and electronic mail will soon become more popular than conventional mail. The Internet, still in its infancy, has provided the infrastructure for the digital marketplace, and e-commerce is thriving. Money is flowing through cyberspace, and it is estimated that every day half the world's Gross Domestic Product travels through the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunications network. In the future, democracies that favor referenda will begin to have on-line voting, and governments will use the Internet to help administer their countries, offering facilities such as on-line tax declarations. How does the evidence relate to the claim in the excerpt? The evidence shows how easy it is to file taxes online. The evidence shows how much we use digital information today. The evidence shows how digital information can easily be stolen. The evidence shows how many people prefer shopping online.

2

Read the excerpt from The Dark Game. As a result of the cut cables, Germany lost its most secure long-distance communications system. The Germans now had to rely on radio transmissions from their powerful wireless station at Nauen, a few miles from Berlin. Which was exactly what the British military knew they would have to do. And once the Germans began sending wireless messages, MI8, the British code breakers, began plucking them from the air. Of course, all German correspondence was sent in a complicated cipher system, so that was when the hard work began for the code breakers of MI8. Which type of structure is used in the text? problem and solution cause and effect chronological comparison and contrast

2

Read the excerpt from The Dark Game. British government leaders didn't present the Zimmermann telegram to Wilson for a few weeks. Hall reminded them that outrage was growing in America over Germany's announcement late in the day of January 31 that the German navy would resume unrestricted submarine warfare. In fact, that policy provoked the U.S. government to cut diplomatic relations with Germany in February. Which can be inferred from the information in the excerpt? Hall wanted to let the American outrage simmer down before revealing the contents of the telegraph. Hall knew that growing outrage among the American public would help Britain's cause. Hall worried that the American public would lose interest in the contents of the telegraph. Hall disagreed with the British government's choice to wait before showing the telegraph to Wilson.

2

Read the excerpt from The Dark Game. On February 24, when Hall sensed that the Zimmermann telegram would tip the balance in favor of the U.S. joining the Allied forces, the British home secretary presented the telegram to President Wilson. One week later, news of the Zimmermann telegram was splashed across the front page of American newspapers. On April 6, 1917, the Congress of the United States declared war on Germany and its allies. This example best supports which statement? The Dark Game includes personal narrative. The Dark Game includes historical detail. The author uses humorous dialogue. The author uses scientific terminology.

2

Read the excerpt from The Dark Game. On January 16, 1917, in a clear attempt to convince the Mexican government to help Germany in the war, Arthur Zimmermann, the German foreign secretary, sent a telegram to Count von Bernstorff, the German ambassador in Washington. The foreign secretary wanted to be certain that this message reached von Bernstorff, so he made arrangements for it to be carried aboard a U-boat to Sweden and from there to Washington through diplomatic channels. Which statement best explains how the evidence from this excerpt leads to the inference that the message Zimmermann sent was important? Because Arthur Zimmermann rarely sent telegrams to von Bernstorff, the contents of the message had to be very important. Because the message was so important and needed to reach von Bernstorff, Zimmermann wanted the message to be carried across the ocean in a U-boat. The telegram's destination, Washington, D.C., suggests that the contents of the telegram were important to the Germans and the British. The route the telegram was to take, first to Sweden and then to Washington, D.C., supports the idea that the contents of the message were important.

2

Read the introduction. Harbortown's Arbor Day Festival is a celebration of trees. Local nurseries sell saplings, the horticultural extension office provides educational materials, and children play among the trees in the town square. "The tree climbing contest is my favorite," exclaimed ten-year-old Jack Diamond when he was asked about the festival. To best capture the reader's attention, the author includes statistical evidence. quotes from locals. facts about the festival. relevant anecdotes.

2

Read the sentence. Albert hopes they decide to reschedule the lecture for a different day. Which sentence corrects the vague pronoun problem in this sentence? He hopes they decide to reschedule it for a different day. Albert hopes the directors decide to reschedule the lecture for a different day. Albert hopes they decide to reschedule it for a different day. He hopes the directors decide to reschedule the lecture for a different day.

2

Read the sentence. Andrew told me that his uncle was a World War II veteran when he was in high school. Which revision clarifies the confusing pronoun in this sentence? When Andrew was in high school, he told me that he was a World War II veteran. When Andrew was in high school, he told me that his uncle was a World War II veteran. He told me that his uncle was a World War II veteran when he was in high school. Andrew told myself that his uncle was a World War II veteran when he was in high school.

2

Read the sentence. Ross was chasing his older brother Damien, and he was yelling for him to stop. Which correction would make this sentence more clear? changing "Ross" to "he" changing "he" to "Damien" changing "him" to "them" changing "Damien" to "him"

2

Read this paragraph from The Dark Game. Realizing that they could do more if they banded together, groups of the Richmond Unionists began to organize. As Van Lew built stronger relationships with wounded soldiers, the Unionists made plans to hide Union soldiers who escaped from Libby Prison. In fact, the Van Lew mansion became a primary safe house, a place where escaped prisoners would be hidden and cared for. Elizabeth, her mother, and their servants did all they could to prepare the escaped soldiers for the treacherous journey behind enemy lines as they attempted to rejoin their fellow soldiers. The Unionists well understood that every escapee was a potential source of valuable military intelligence, and they made certain that each soldier was debriefed before starting back to the Union lines. This paragraph is mainly about how Van Lew prepared the Union soldiers to return to their army. Van Lew's home was a safe house for escaped Union soldiers. Van Lew obtained information from escaped Union soldiers. Van Lew's mother and servants were part of her secret operation.

2

Read this student rough draft. [1] Kids may not be government agents, but they make great spies. [2] Their quests for information often inspire them to find discreet hiding places around their homes. [3] Crouching behind doors or under beds, they might listen to their siblings' plans. [4] Hoping for insight, they might interrogate their parents. How could sentence 4 be re-written as a simple sentence? When they interrogate their parents, they might gain insight. Some interrogate their parents in an effort to gain insight. Some interrogate their parents, and this results in insight. If kids hope for insight, they might interrogate their parents.

2

Review the paragraph from The Code Book. Ordinarily, if Alice wants to use RSA to encrypt a message to Bob, she looks up his public key and then applies RSA's one-way function to the message. Conversely, Bob decrypts the ciphertext by using his private key to reverse RSA's one-way function. Both processes require considerable mathematical manipulation, so encryption and decryption can, if the message is long, take several minutes on a personal computer. Which transitional word has the same meaning as "on the other hand"? ordinarily conversely manipulation encryption

2

To understand the main idea of an informational text, you should ask yourself "Does the author include relevant details?" "What is this mostly about?" "Which facts support the claim?" "What evidence does the author provide?"

2

What is the central idea of the first paragraph of The Dark Game? The Civil War was a short conflict between the North and the South. The Civil War lasted longer than people at first expected it to last. During the Civil War, there were many casualties on both sides. During the Civil War, Fort Sumter was overtaken by the Confederacy.

2

Which sentence contains an underlined possessive pronoun? Jessica went to get the mail herself. The black car in the driveway is his. Dave patiently sat down next to her. My mom made a picnic lunch for us.

2

Which sentence has an optimistic tone? This group of wide-eyed boys with a love of the game reminds me of my own freshman squad. Though Shanna is an underdog in the tournament, skillful coaching is likely to increase her success. With a roster full of inexperienced players, the team is unlikely to win a game in the national tournament. Milo is an underdog in the tournament because he had only seven wins during the regular season.

2

Read Lola's argument that post-secondary degrees are beneficial. It seems like every high school student is expected to further their education after high school. Some teenagers resent the pressure this expectation puts on them. But we teens have to be realistic. A college degree or skilled trade certificate is necessary in today's world. 75% of new jobs today require job applicants to have a college degree. Many jobs require specific skills acquired through courses geared to that profession. Of course, not every job requires the exact subject matter you learned at college. But employers are looking for people with perseverance, analytical skills, and the ability to communicate. Those are the things you will learn during your years at college or in an apprenticeship. What evidence does Lola provide to support her claim? Select two options. A college degree or skilled trade certificate is necessary in today's world. Employers require a college degree or skilled trade certificate for most jobs. Every high school student is expected to continue schooling after high school. Teenagers resent the pressure placed on them to go to a post-secondary institution. Employers want new hires to have skills and traits acquired in a post-secondary setting.

2, 5

Read the excerpt from a speech petitioning people to adopt animals in need. I am here today to persuade you to see the benefit of adopting your next pet from the animal shelter instead of purchasing it from a pet store. It is crucial to see the value in adopting animals and hopefully putting pet stores out of business. The health and well-being of our animal friends is what is at stake here. Many people think it would be fun to get a cute designer animal from a boutique pet shop, but once we all know the truth behind their practices, we will be lining up at the shelter to fall in love with an animal in need. Your new dog may not be a purebred dog with official papers and a customized small size, but you will know that your animal is healthy and eternally grateful that you provided him with a warm home. Which ideas from the excerpt would be most appropriate to include in a summary? Select two options. Many people want a designer dog from a boutique. Animals bred through pet shops suffer health problems. People need to adopt animals instead of going to pet shops. Many people have a warm home and like animals. More people need to decide to have pets in their homes.

2,3

Which are simple sentences? Check all that apply. The bell rang two minutes ago, but three desks are still empty. Students with watches are much more likely to be punctual. Students must record assignments, gather materials, and proceed to class. If students stop at their lockers, it is a greater challenge to get to class on time. Punctual students are able to start class feeling organized and capable.

2,3,5

Read the excerpt from The Code Book. During the late 1980s, working from his home in Boulder, Colorado, Zimmermann gradually pieced together his scrambling software package. His main goal was to speed up RSA encryption. Ordinarily, if Alice wants to use RSA to encrypt a message to Bob, she looks up his public key and then applies RSA's one-way function to the message. Conversely, Bob decrypts the ciphertext by using his private key to reverse RSA's one-way function. Both processes require considerable mathematical manipulation, so encryption and decryption can, if the message is long, take several minutes on a personal computer. If Alice is sending a hundred messages a day, she cannot afford to spend several minutes encrypting each one. Which kinds of evidence are included in the excerpt? Select 3 options. a statistic an example a quote a hypothetical situation a fact the author's personal story

2,4,5

Jac is reading this paragraph from The Code Book. Mathematicians have been studying factoring for centuries, and modern factoring techniques are not significantly better than ancient techniques. Indeed, it could be that the laws of mathematics forbid the existence of a significant shortcut for factoring. Which question will best help Jac apply the reading to his own life? How can I get a better math grade? How can I learn about ancient techniques? What is important for me to understand? What is a modern factoring technique?

3

Lucy is writing about this excerpt from The Code Book. Only a small fraction of the information flowing around the world is securely encrypted, and the remainder is poorly encrypted, or not encrypted at all. This is because the number of Internet users is rapidly increasing, and yet few of these people take adequate precautions in terms of privacy. In turn, this means that national security organizations, law enforcers and anybody else with a curious mind can get their hands on more information than they can cope with. Which of Lucy's lines best shows that she has made a personal connection to the reading? The author is explaining that much information is not encrypted. The author is explaining that Internet users must be more careful. This book helps me realize that much of my online information is not secure. This book helps me realize that there are too many people using the Internet.

3

One of the author's purposes in The Code Book is to explain different types of codebreaking to his readers. Which line best demonstrates this purpose? a theoretical breakthrough would be a fundamentally new way of finding Alice's private key mathematicians have been studying factoring for centuries, and modern factoring techniques are not significantly better than ancient techniques a more recent development is the so-called tempest attack, which aims to detect the electromagnetic signals emitted . . . in a computer's display unit if scientists could build a quantum computer, it would be able to perform calculations with . . . enormous speed

3

Read the excerpt from Frederick Douglass's July 4, 1852, speech on the hypocrisy of American slavery. Douglass was an abolitionist and a formerly enslaved person. Whether we turn to the declarations of the past, or to the professions of the present, the conduct of the nation seems equally hideous and revolting. America is false to the past, false to the present, and solemnly binds herself to be false to the future. How do the words hideous, revolting, and false most affect the tone and meaning of this passage? They suggest the speaker's belief that the future holds hope. They present a tone of solidarity with America's actions. They show the speaker's disgust over slavery. They show the speaker's admiration for America.

3

Read the excerpt from Parvati's argument in favor of using cell phones in class. Today's cell phones are not just phones; they are little computers. That means they are effective research tools. Students can use them to access dictionaries, encyclopedias, and other reference materials. They can search for articles, videos, and images. In my civics class, our teacher even held mock elections, and we voted using our cell phones. What is the best evaluation of Parvati's evidence? It is irrelevant and insufficient, because she discusses using computers rather than phones. It is irrelevant and insufficient, because her evidence relies solely on her own experience. It is relevant and sufficient, because she gives convincing examples of how phones support classwork. It is relevant and insufficient, because she provides general reasons without specific examples.

3

Read the excerpt from The Code Book. By this stage, sending a PGP encrypted message is becoming quite complicated. The IDEA cipher is being used to encrypt the message, RSA is being used to encrypt the IDEA key, and another stage of encryption has to be incorporated if a digital signature is required. However, Zimmermann developed his product in such a way that it would do everything automatically, so that Alice and Bob would not have to worry about the mathematics. To send a message to Bob, Alice would simply write her e-mail and select the PGP option from a menu on her computer screen. Next she would type in Bob's name, then PGP would find Bob's public key and automatically perform all the encryption. At the same time PGP would do the necessary jiggery-pokery required to digitally sign the message. Upon receiving the encrypted message, Bob would select the PGP option, and PGP would decrypt the message and verify the author. Nothing in PGP was original—Diffie and Hellman had already thought of digital signatures and other cryptographers had used a combination of symmetric and asymmetric ciphers to speed up encryption—but Zimmermann was the first to put everything together in one easy-to-use encryption product, which was efficient enough to run on a moderately sized personal computer. Which sentence is most relevant to the argument that Zimmermann's PGP was easy to use? By this stage, sending a PGP encrypted message is becoming quite complicated. The IDEA cipher is being used to encrypt the message, RSA is being used to encrypt the IDEA key, and another stage of encryption has to be incorporated if a digital signature is required. To send a message to Bob, Alice would simply write her e-mail and select the PGP option from a menu on her computer screen. Nothing in PGP was original—Diffie and Hellman had already thought of digital signatures and other cryptographers had used a combination of symmetric and asymmetric ciphers to speed up encryption . . .

3

Read the excerpt from The Dark Game. On February 24, when Hall sensed that the Zimmermann telegram would tip the balance in favor of the U.S. joining the Allied forces, the British home secretary presented the telegram to President Wilson. One week later, news of the Zimmermann telegram was splashed across the front page of American newspapers. On April 6, 1917, the Congress of the United States declared war on Germany and its allies. Which inference can be made based on the information in the excerpt? The Americans had already planned to enter the war before being shown the telegram. The Americans were still very reluctant to join the Allied nations in a war against Germany. The Americans were persuaded to join the war against Germany after seeing the telegram. The Americans were not very troubled by the contents of the telegram by the time they saw them.

3

Read the excerpt from The Dark Game. On January 16, 1917, in a clear attempt to convince the Mexican government to help Germany in the war, Arthur Zimmermann, the German foreign secretary, sent a telegram to Count von Bernstorff, the German ambassador in Washington. The foreign secretary wanted to be certain that this message reached von Bernstorff, so he made arrangements for it to be carried aboard a U-boat to Sweden and from there to Washington through diplomatic channels.As luck would have it, the departure of the sub was delayed. Impatient, Zimmermann turned to his second option: sending the message to his ambassador through the U.S. State Department. Although Wilson considered the United States to be neutral, he allowed messages to be sent to von Bernstorff via the State Department as a courtesy. The telegram sent, Zimmermann waited for a reply. What Zimmermann didn't know was that the British were doing a thorough job of intercepting German wireless transmissions. Why did Zimmermann choose to send the message through the U.S. State Department? The German U-boat was grounded because it needed repairs. The Americans planned to enter the war and side with the Germans. The content of the message was extraordinarily important. The safest way of transmitting messages was by telegram.

3

Read the excerpt from The Dark Game. On several occasions Room 40 received an unexpected but welcome gift when a German codebook was recovered after a sea battle and presented to the British code breakers. One such gift was a codebook from the German ship Magdeburg, a light cruiser that ran aground on an island off of Finland. When Russian ships quickly bore down on the cruiser, the captain of the stranded ship immediately did what all naval officers were taught to do: he ordered his signalman to bring him the ship's codebook so he could throw the book, wrapped in lead covers, into the sea. But before the signalman could deliver the book to his captain, he was killed by Russian guns. When the Russians recovered his body, the sailor was still clutching the codebook in his arms. Which type of structure is used in the text? problem and solution cause and effect chronological comparison and contrast

3

Read the excerpt from The Dark Game: True Spy Stories from Invisible Ink to CIA Moles. As Montgomery and de Grey slowly made their way through the message, they noticed more and more oddities. For example, 97556 appeared near the end of the message; the 90000 family indicated important names that were not used very often in messages. We can imagine their shock when they realized that 97556 stood for Zimmermann. That single name fired the men with excitement as they began working on the message from the beginning. In time, some of the coded "words" began to give up their secrets. They found most secret and For Your Excellency's personal information. The men pushed on, discovering Mexico and Japan in the text. What could that mean? And what was Germany's interest in Mexico? How did Japan figure into the plan? The men could not think of a reason for the connection among Germany, Japan, and Mexico. Quickly thumbing the pages of the codebook, the men worked on at a fever pitch. Which word best describes the tone of the passage? lighthearted frustrated suspenseful frightened

3

Read the introduction to Dan DeLuca's argument. (1) Bob Dylan is the songwriter who opened up the doors of possibility to all who followed. (2) He was the mysterious bard with a guitar who sent out a clarion call—first as the acoustic Voice of His Generation, then as the plugged-in rocker who remained a master of the unexpected for five decades—that the words pop singers sang were worthy of being taken seriously. (3) "Dylan was a revolutionary," Bruce Springsteen said in his 1988 speech inducting Dylan into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. (4) "The way that Elvis freed your body, Bob freed your mind." (5) Early masterpieces such as "A Hard Rain's A-Gonna Fall" and "Visions Of Johanna" and "Like A Rolling Stone" fueled a debate: Are rock lyrics poetry? (6) The answer must be yes, because on Thursday, Dylan was awarded the highest honor for a writer: the Nobel Prize in literature. (7) The Swedish Academy, in making him the first American winner since novelist Toni Morrison in 1993, cited him for "having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition." Which sentence states DeLuca's claim? sentence 1 sentence 2 sentence 6 sentence 7

3

Read the sentence. Ms. Marx told Alyssa about the promising essay contest, and she was excited at the prospect. Which correction would make this sentence more clear? changing "Alyssa" to "her" changing "Ms. Marx" to "she" changing "she" to "Alyssa" changing "the prospect" to "it"

3

Read the writing assignment. Write an essay that evaluates how Janeczko introduces a topic and creates interest in The Dark Game. What is the purpose of this writing assignment? to entertain readers with stories about Janeczko to persuade people to read Janeczko's work to analyze Janeczko's writing techniques to inform readers about spy techniques

3

Read this excerpt from The Dark Game. But Elizabeth wanted to do more than simply minister and comfort the wounded. A Unionist, believing in "one nation . . . indivisible," she needed to do more. When she learned of Virginia's secession from the Union in 1861, she felt, in the words of one historian, "profoundly betrayed." She believed that the secessionists did not represent the majority of the citizens of Virginia. She was compelled to act in any way she could to help repair a nation torn apart. How does this excerpt develop the central idea that espionage during the Civil War was often carried out by untrained citizens? It enhances the reader's understanding by explaining why training was unnecessary. It changes the reader's perception of what information a spy was able to obtain. It explains an ordinary person's motivation for conducting espionage against the enemy. It adds moral complexity to espionage, due to the use of secret and dangerous methods.

3

Read this paragraph from The Dark Game. Another thing that changed very little in the years between the wars was the means of obtaining military intelligence. Although the use of photography and the telegraph brought some technological advances, the craft of spying on the enemy's army still relied on fieldwork. For the most part, intelligence was gathered in simple ways. Prisoners of war and deserters were interrogated. The Union army was always interested in hearing what runaway slaves had to report. And, of course, both armies relied on cavalry scouts, signal intercepts, visual observation, and captured correspondence. What is the best summary of this paragraph? During the Civil War, intelligence was gathered in the same ways it had been gathered in previous wars. Photography and the telegraph were some of the technological advances that were used in Civil War espionage. Most espionage during the Civil War was fieldwork that included observation, scouting, and interrogation of prisoners. Enslaved persons that ran away, as well as prisoners from the Union Army, were good sources of information during the Civil War.

3

Which excerpt best states the central idea of the second paragraph of The Dark Game? Most of the war was fought in states south of Washington, D.C. . . . For the Union soldiers, this meant they had to fight in unfamiliar and hostile territory. This matter of geography affected the spies who worked behind enemy lines. Confederate spies could usually find a safe house, or at least a sympathetic soul . . .

3

Which is an example of blocking organization in a comparative essay? The Code Book is written with technical language, but The Dark Game is written in a simpler style. The Code Book and The Dark Game both explain the importance of codes and codebreakers historically. The Dark Game is an example of narrative writing. Author Paul Janeczko shares historical events in a storytelling style. The Dark Game is an example of narrative writing, while The Code Book is written in an expository style.

3

Which statement best defines the term rhetoric? Rhetoric refers to the use of reason and logic in an argument. Rhetoric is when a speaker exaggerates to make a point. Rhetoric is the art of effective, persuasive speaking or writing. Rhetoric is the practice of using hand gestures while speaking.

3

Heidi has a writing assignment to connect The Code Book to her own life. Which line from her assignment best demonstrates Heidi's connection with the text? One interesting fact I learned in my reading is that the U.S. uses encryption to catch criminals. A central idea found in The Code Book is the fact that much of the world's information is unprotected. The author shares several examples of codebreaking techniques, including Trojan horses and viruses. After reading The Code Book, I will be more careful about the information I share online.

4

Read Gunther's evaluation of an argument. In his editorial "Better Safe Than Sorry?: Revisiting the Debate over Capital Punishment," Nemo Jones effectively lays out his argument that the death penalty should be abolished. In his thorough examination of the evidence, he presents authoritative case studies of people whose innocence was proven too late and of criminals who were undeterred by thoughts of capital punishment. He examines comprehensive statistics regarding these groups and summarizes years of interviews with officials in government, law enforcement, and the penal system. His final paragraphs contain the most emotionally persuasive evidence, as he relates the lasting effects on the children of those who have been put to death. Which element is missing from this evaluation? the thesis statement a summary of the claim an evaluation of the evidence a concluding statement

4

Read Lola's argument that post-secondary degrees are beneficial. It seems like every high school student is expected to further their education after high school. Some teenagers resent the pressure this expectation puts on them. But we teens have to be realistic. A college degree or skilled trade certificate is necessary in today's world. 75% of new jobs today require job applicants to have a college degree. Many jobs require specific skills acquired through courses geared to that profession. Of course, not every job requires the exact subject matter you learned at college. But employers are looking for people with perseverance, analytical skills, and the ability to communicate. Those are the things you will learn during your years at college or in an apprenticeship. What is the best evaluation of the evidence Lola provides? The evidence is relevant but insufficient because it only discusses things one learns after high school. The evidence sufficiently supports the reason about getting a job but does not relate to the claim. The evidence relates to the claim but does not sufficiently address teenagers' resentment of the pressure to continue schooling. The evidence is relevant and sufficient because the main reason people continue their education is to gain skills to find a job and support themselves.

4

Read the excerpt from "A Latina Judge's Voice" by Hon. Sonia Sotomayor. I also hope that by raising the question today of what difference having more Latinos and Latinas on the bench will make will start your own evaluation. For people of color and women lawyers, what does and should being an ethnic minority mean in your lawyering? For men lawyers, what areas in your experiences and attitudes do you need to work on to make you capable of reaching those great moments of enlightenment which other men in different circumstances have been able to reach? For all of us, how do [we] change the facts that in every task force study of gender and race bias in the courts, women and people of color, lawyers and judges alike, report in significantly higher percentages than white men that their gender and race has shaped their careers, from hiring, retention to promotion, and that a statistically significant number of women and minority lawyers and judges, both alike, have experienced bias in the courtroom? What is Sotomayor's intended purpose in posing three powerful questions in a row? Sotomayor is creating a tone of confusion that will challenge the audience to ask their own questions. Sotomayor develops a structure of repetition so the audience is better able to answer the questions. Sotomayor wants the audience to learn how to deliver a powerful speech on diversity in the courtroom. Sotomayor wants the audience to pose serious questions of their own about diversity on the bench.

4

Read the excerpt from The Code Book. By this stage, sending a PGP encrypted message is becoming quite complicated. The IDEA cipher is being used to encrypt the message, RSA is being used to encrypt the IDEA key, and another stage of encryption has to be incorporated if a digital signature is required. However, Zimmermann developed his product in such a way that it would do everything automatically, so that Alice and Bob would not have to worry about the mathematics. To send a message to Bob, Alice would simply write her e-mail and select the PGP option from a menu on her computer screen. Next she would type in Bob's name, then PGP would find Bob's public key and automatically perform all the encryption. At the same time PGP would do the necessary jiggery-pokery required to digitally sign the message. Upon receiving the encrypted message, Bob would select the PGP option, and PGP would decrypt the message and verify the author. Nothing in PGP was original—Diffie and Hellman had already thought of digital signatures and other cryptographers had used a combination of symmetric and asymmetric ciphers to speed up encryption—but Zimmermann was the first to put everything together in one easy-to-use encryption product, which was efficient enough to run on a moderately sized personal computer. Which fact most effectively supports the claim that PGP can be used by an ordinary person? PGP is used to encrypt digital messages. PGP is based on complicated mathematics. PGP incorporates a digital signature. PGP works efficiently on a personal computer.

4

Read the excerpt from The Dark Game: True Spy Stories from Invisible Ink to CIA Moles. There are theories as to why the Soviets did not "discover" the tunnel sooner. One likely answer is that they waited until Blake was reassigned by MI6 to London in order to protect him from being found out. Since Blake knew about the tunnel from the first day of its planning and was in Berlin while the tunnel was being dug, fingers would soon point to him as a Soviet mole. The KGB did not want to lose Blake. Some historians feel that the KGB waited because they actually wanted the Americans to hear their transmissions, as a way to let it be known that Russia had no intention of invading Germany and going to war with the U.S. On balance, however, some valuable information was gathered from the tapped conversations. The U.S. learned, for example, a great deal about the Soviet and Eastern European order of battle, or its military organization. Others feel that the intelligence was valuable to check against similar information obtained from other sources. Tim Weiner in his recent history of the CIA, Legacy of Ashes, writes that "The evidence suggests that the CIA gained two invaluable and untainted kinds of knowledge from the taps. The agency learned a basic blueprint of the Soviet and East German security systems, and it never picked up a glimmer of warning that Moscow intended to go to war." Which sentence best states the controlling idea of the passage? Blake was a ruthless spy who ruined the Allied efforts to tap Soviet wires beneath the ground in Berlin. The Soviets knew about the Allied plan to tap wires and spy, but they did not stop the effort. The United States learned valuable information from the wire taps that allowed them to defeat the Soviets. The wire taps were never a secret, but they helped the United States gain military intelligence.

4

Read the introduction to Dan DeLuca's argument. Bob Dylan is the songwriter who opened up the doors of possibility to all who followed. He was the mysterious bard with a guitar who sent out a clarion call—first as the acoustic Voice of His Generation, then as the plugged-in rocker who remained a master of the unexpected for five decades—that the words pop singers sang were worthy of being taken seriously. "Dylan was a revolutionary," Bruce Springsteen said in his 1988 speech inducting Dylan into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. "The way that Elvis freed your body, Bob freed your mind." Early masterpieces such as "A Hard Rain's A-Gonna Fall" and "Visions Of Johanna" and "Like A Rolling Stone" fueled a debate: Are rock lyrics poetry? The answer must be yes, because on Thursday, Dylan was awarded the highest honor for a writer: the Nobel Prize in literature. The Swedish Academy, in making him the first American winner since novelist Toni Morrison in 1993, cited him for "having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition." Which statement summarizes DeLuca's claim? "The way that Elvis freed your body, Bob freed your mind." "He was the mysterious bard with a guitar." "He was . . . a master of the unexpected for five decades." "The Swedish Academy . . . cited him for 'having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition.'"

4

Read the sentence. Him and me want to attend the festival tomorrow. Which sentence corrects the shift in agreement? Him and me want to attend the festival tomorrow. Him and I want to attend the festival tomorrow. He and me want to attend the festival tomorrow. He and I want to attend the festival tomorrow.

4

Read the sentences below. Rachael is interested in solving mysteries and puzzles. When she is older, she would like to work as a person who breaks codes. Which word could best substitute the underlined portion of the sentence? cipher decipher encryption cryptanalyst

4

Read this student rough draft. [1] Suburban neighborhoods offer safety, comfort, and a sense of community. [2] Neighbors get to know one another through frequent curb-side encounters. [3] Neighbors often rely on one another. [4] This reliance builds friendships. How could sentences 3 and 4 be combined to form a complex sentence? Neighbors rely on one another and form friendships. There is reliance among neighbors, and there are friendships. Relying on one another leads to friendships. Once neighbors rely on one another, friendships are formed.

4

Review the excerpt from The Code Book. Cryptanalysts realize that their real goal is to find a way of cracking the RSA cipher, the cornerstone of modern encryption . . . Use the meaning of the underlined words above to understand the sentence. David's family was puzzled by the short and cryptic note he left on the table. What does cryptic mean? clear plain believable mysterious

4

What sentence has a critical tone? The show will run from March 20 to April 16 at the Landmark Theater in Ashland. The script of My Friend Andy imparts the simple wisdom of small-town folks. The intricate costumes and energetic dance numbers bring energy to the show. The amateur cast is unable to convey the significance of the show's message.

4

What would be the best thesis statement for an evaluation of Dan DeLuca's argument in "Dylan's Nobel Prize Settles Debate: Rock Lyrics Are Poetry"? When Bob Dylan won the Nobel Prize for Literature, it sparked a major controversy. Dan DeLuca has written an editorial stating his opinion that rock lyrics are poetry. I really enjoyed reading Dan DeLuca's article about Bob Dylan winning the Nobel Prize. Despite his passionate argument that rock lyrics are poetry, Dan DeLuca fails to convince.

4

Which article is most likely written to persuade readers? The History of Dinner Etiquette Humorous Tales from the Table Five One-Dish Dinners Manners Make the Man

4

Which is the strongest thesis statement? The two authors include interesting historical facts in their writing. While both books take a different approach, each encourages readers to understand the importance of codes. I enjoyed both books, but feel that The Dark Game was more interesting. Both The Code Book and The Dark Game explore codebreaking, but they are different in their tone, style, and language.

4

Read this quote from Zimmermann in The Code Book. In the past, if the government wanted to violate the privacy of ordinary citizens, it had to expend a certain amount of effort to intercept and steam open and read paper mail, or listen to and possibly transcribe spoken telephone conversations. This is analogous to catching fish with a hook and a line, one fish at a time. Fortunately for freedom and democracy, this kind of labor-intensive monitoring is not practical on a large scale. Today, electronic mail is gradually replacing conventional paper mail, and is soon to be the norm for everyone, not the novelty it is today. Unlike paper mail, e-mail messages are just too easy to intercept and scan for interesting keywords. This can be done easily, routinely, automatically, and undetectably on a grand scale. This is analogous to driftnet fishing—making a quantitative and qualitative Orwellian difference to the health of democracy. What is the purpose of the quote from Zimmermann? It explains how much faster e-mail travels than ordinary mail. It shows how easily digital mail can be monitored by outsiders. It states exactly how many people use e-mail instead of regular mail. It proves that e-mail is better for the health of democracy than regular mail.

NOT 1

Read the excerpt from The Dark Game. But how would Hall get that telegram? That would take some doing, he admitted. Then Hall remembered Mr. H., one of his trusted operatives. It was Mr. H. who had alerted MI8 to the suspicious activities of Sweden's chargé d'affaires in Mexico City, Folke Cronholm. Sharp-eyed Mr. H. had noticed that Cronholm was making frequent visits to the telegraph office, far more visits than one would expect from a representative of the Swedish government, given the limited relationship between that government and Mexico. Which inference can a reader make based on the information in the excerpt? Folke Cronholm was spying for the Allied nations. Folke Cronholm was a German diplomat. Folke Cronholm was secretly working for the Germans. Folke Cronholm was receiving many personal telegraphs.

NOT 2

Read the sentence. Each of the customers received its own souvenir cup and T-shirt. Choose the sentence that corrects the pronoun shift in this sentence. Each of the customers received our own souvenir cup and T-shirt. Each of the customers received their own souvenir cup and T-shirt. Each of the customers received them own souvenir cup and T-shirt. Each of the customers received his or her own souvenir cup and T-shirt.

NOT 2

What does a point-by-point comparative essay do? It examines each text individually. It compares and contrasts by topic. It uses separate paragraphs to compare. It explores one author at a time.

NOT 3

Read the student's analysis of The Dark Game by Paul Janeczko. Janeczko proves that the Allied tunnel project used to spy on the Russians was not a waste of resources. Though he admits Russians knew about the Allies' tap, he insists that valuable information was gathered. To illustrate his point, Janeczko quotes Tim Weiner, author of a history of the CIA, saying, "The [CIA] learned a basic blueprint of the Soviet and East German security systems, and it never picked up a glimmer of warning that Moscow intended to go to war." Which sentence best completes the analysis with an explanation? Readers understand Janeczko's ideas because he defines key terms and vocabulary. Readers trust Janeczko's judgment because he offers a compelling argument with expert testimony. Readers enjoy Janeczko's stories because he includes the intrigue and scandal that accompany spy missions. Readers accept Janeczko's claim because he describes the physical construction of the tunnel project.

NOT 4

What are the most effective techniques to present text in a multimedia presentation? Select three options. elaborate fonts bulleted text paragraphs headings adequate font size

2,4,5

Which sentence best describes the relationship between a counterclaim and a rebuttal? A counterclaim states both a reason and evidence to support a claim, which a rebuttal rejects to show a second opinion about the claim. A counterclaim states the limitations of the central claim, which a rebuttal acknowledges and clarifies using evidence to support the claim. A counterclaim states another version of the central claim, which a rebuttal compares to the original claim. A counterclaim states an opposing viewpoint to the claim, which a rebuttal fairly and logically addresses.

4

Which statements best describe an effective claim in an argumentative essay? Select two options. It is precise and clear. It is debatable but cannot be refuted. It is emotional and states an opinion. It states a bias using clear language. It states a fact using precise language.

NOT 1,5

Read the excerpt from President Reagan's Address at Moscow State University. But progress is not foreordained. The key is freedom—freedom of thought, freedom of information, freedom of communication. Which is true of these lines? Repetition is used to emphasize the importance of freedom. Repetition is used to argue that progress is inevitable. Allusion is used to emphasize the importance of freedom. Allusion is used to argue that progress is inevitable.

NOT 2

Read the sentences. Sabrina and I were excited for the opening of the new bakery. The doughnuts we bought were the best us had ever tasted! The antecedent in this sentence does not match the underlined pronoun in

NOT case and number

Read the excerpt from Roosevelt's "Four Freedoms" speech. A part of the sacrifice means the payment of more money in taxes. In my Budget Message I shall recommend that a greater portion of this great defense program be paid for from taxation than we are paying today. No person should try, or be allowed, to get rich out of this program; and the principle of tax payments in accordance with ability to pay should be constantly before our eyes to guide our legislation. The underlined portion of this excerpt serves as the ✔ claimevidencerebuttalconclusion for this section of Roosevelt's argument.

claim

Which words contain a suffix? Select two options. amplify encode silver brilliance fling

1,4

"Cipher" is another word for "spy." "code." "mystery." "codebreaker."

2

Which option presents a complete and effective evaluation of Dan DeLuca's argument in his article "Dylan's Nobel Prize Settles Debate: Rock Lyrics Are Poetry"? According to DeLuca, Dylan deserved the Nobel Prize for Literature. He was the first American since 1993 to win it and was one of President Obama's favorite poets. Since he was at the height of his popularity in the 1960s, this award shows that his influence has stood the test of time. This claim is valid because President Obama is a fan. DeLuca believes that rock lyrics must be recognized as poetry because legendary singer-songwriter Bob Dylan has been awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. In doing so, the Nobel committee has recognized the value of Dylan's words, which have spoken for and inspired generations since the 1960s. DeLuca uses credible facts and research to support his claim. According to Dan Deluca, Bob Dylan was an unlikely choice for the Nobel Prize for Literature. Many experts refuse to believe that song lyrics are poetry, and the odds against Dylan winning the award were high. DeLuca also points out that the award has little monetary value in comparison with Dylan's wealth. Dan DeLuca is a fan of Bob Dylan's lyrics. He seems to know them by heart and quotes from many songs in his article. He also recognizes Dylan's influence on other artists, such as the novelist Salman Rushdie, the singer-songwriter Bruce Springsteen, and many rap artists, who imitate Dylan's use of internal rhyme.

DeLuca believes that rock lyrics must be recognized as poetry because legendary singer-songwriter Bob Dylan has been awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. In doing so, the Nobel committee has recognized the value of Dylan's words, which have spoken for and inspired generations since the 1960s. DeLuca uses credible facts and research to support his claim.

Read the excerpt from The Souls of Black Folk by W. E. B. Du Bois. Notwithstanding this, it is equally true to assert that on the whole the distinct impression left by Mr. Washington's propaganda is, first, that the South is justified in its present attitude toward the Negro because of the Negro's degradation; secondly, that the prime cause of the Negro's failure to rise more quickly is his wrong education in the past; and, thirdly, that his future rise depends primarily on his own efforts. Each of these propositions is a dangerous half-truth. What is the author's main claim? The Southern states are correct in how they treat Black voters. Washington makes serious mistakes in his argument. People's future prosperity depends on how hard they work. Black people have been unable to advance because they lack education.

NOT 4

Read the first three paragraphs of Franklin Roosevelt's request for a declaration of war. Beyond Congress, who is his primary intended audience? the American public the Japanese people American and Japanese diplomats other countries that might be at risk

1

Read the excerpt from Common Sense."Some Massanello may hereafter arise, who, laying hold of popular disquietudes, may collect together the desperate and the discontented, and by assuming to themselves the powers of government may sweep away the liberties of the continent like a deluge."In the excerpt, Paine compares a deluge—a torrential downpour—to the actions of a group of men to illustrate their force. intentions. numbers. pride.

1

In The Dark Game, how does the author develop the central idea that Elizabeth Van Lew was a spymaster during the Civil War? by including details about the work that Van Lew did by recounting an anecdote that Van Lew tells in her own words by citing an example of Van Lew's coded messages by illustrating the technology that Van Lew had available to her

1

Khaled has found a reliable chart that reports statistics on the increase of drought conditions in the United States. He plans to use this graphic in his presentation on climate change. Which piece of information must be included with the graphic? its publisher and date of publication Khaled's full name and grade in school several sentences describing the chart a photo to help illustrate the chart

1

Read and reread the excerpt from We Shall Not Be Moved.The officers of Local 25 sent them on to the owners — along with one more demand, recognition of the union. This came to mean the "closed shop." Only union members can work in a closed shop, since the only way to set uniform wages and standards is to have the union do it; otherwise employers would always try to undercut one another. And the union can standardize the industry only when it controls the supply of labor through the union shop. What is the meaning of a "closed shop"? A "closed shop" is a factory where all of the workers are union members. A "closed shop" is a factory that hires both union and non-union members. A "closed shop" is a factory where the owners are in control of setting wages. A "closed shop" is a factory where the owners control the supply of labor.

1

Read the chart. HOMOPHONEMEANINGbybeside or nearbuyto purchase somethingbyeexpression that is short for goodbye Choose the correct homophones to complete the sentence. Jiya went to the shop _____ the dentist's office to _____ materials for her project. by, buy bye, by by, bye bye, buy

1

Read the excerpt from "A Genetics of Justice" by Julia Alvarez. Images of the dictator hung in every house next to the crucifix and Ia Virgencita with the declaration beneath: In this house Trujillo is Chief. The pale face of a young military man wearing a plumed bicorne hat and a gold-braided uniform looked down beneficently at my mother as she read her romantic novelas and dreamed of meeting the great love of her life. Sometimes in her daydreams, her great love wore the handsome young dictator's face. Never having seen him, my mother could not know the portrait was heavily retouched. What is the central idea of this paragraph? The images of Trujillo portrayed him falsely. Trujillo wore elaborate uniforms and headpieces. Alvarez's mother wanted to meet Trujillo one day. Young people dream about the person they will marry.

1

Read the excerpt from "A Genetics of Justice" by Julia Alvarez. On May 30, 1961, nine months after our escape from our homeland, the group of plotters with whom my father had been associated assassinated the dictator. Actually, Dominicans do not refer to the death as an assassination but as an ajusticiamiento, a bringing to justice. Finally, after thirty-one years, Trujillo was brought to justice, found guilty, and executed. But the execution was an external event, not necessarily an internal exorcism. All their lives my parents, along with a nation of Dominicans, had learned the habits of repression, censorship, terror. Those habits would not disappear with a few bullets and a national liberation proclamation. They would not disappear on a plane ride north that put hundreds of miles distance between the Island and our apartment in New York. Which statement best explains how the author develops the central idea throughout the passage? The author explains that, even after Trujillo was killed, her parents continued to fear the dictatorship. The author explains that the assassination freed her parents from fear, allowing them to leave the country. The author explains that, after Trujillo was killed, her family was able to escape to the United States. The author explains that, even though Trujillo was executed, her parents found new reasons to fear him.

1

Read the excerpt from "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God."Yea, God is a great deal more angry with great numbers that are now on earth; yea, doubtless with many that are now in this congregation, who it may be are at ease, than he is with many of those that are now in the flames of hell.What does this excerpt suggest about Edwards's opinion of society? He feels society in general, including many members of the congregation, is more sinful now than ever. He feels society in general is more sinful now than it ever was, but members of the congregation can be at ease because they are saved. He feels society in general is less sinful than it ever was, and members of the congregation can feel confident that they are saved. He feels society in general is less sinful than it has been, but many members of the congregation are damned.

1

Read the excerpt from "We Are Determined Not to Sell Our Lands." Brother, we know that great men, as well as great nations, have different interests and different minds and do not see the same light—but we hope our answer will be agreeable to you and your employers. Why does Sagoyewatha most likely say this? to acknowledge the conflicting perspectives in regard to land rights to explain that the tribes want a different way of life than the settlers to acknowledge that the tribes are made of great men and great minds to explain why the tribes ultimately reject the offer from the United States

1

Read the excerpt from "We Are Determined Not to Sell Our Lands."Brother, at a late council we requested our agents to tell you that we would not sell our lands, and we think you have not spoken to our agents, or they would have told you so, and we should not have met you at our council-fire at this time. Why does Sagoyewatha most likely say this? to assert that the US government has made no effort to communicate clearly to reiterate that the tribes have no right to sell the land their Great Spirit gave them to lament that the tribes cannot trust their people to pass on a message to the US government to explain why the US government has not been treating the tribes fairly

1

Read the excerpt from "We Are Determined Not to Sell Our Lands."Brother, you want us to travel with you and look for new lands. If we should sell our lands and move off into a distant country towards the setting sun, we should be looked upon in the country to which we go as foreigners and strangers. We should be despised by the red as well as the white men, and we should soon be surrounded by the white people, who will there also kill our game and come upon our lands and try to get them from us. Which is the central idea of this excerpt? Moving west will cause similar problems. Settlers will compete with Indigenous people for game. The west is full of foreigners. The US government wants the tribes to move farther west.

1

Read the excerpt from "What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?".But I fancy I hear some one of my audience say, "It is just in this circumstance that you and your brother abolitionists fail to make a favorable impression on the public mind. Would you argue more, and denounce less; would you persuade more, and rebuke less; your cause would be much more likely to succeed." But, I submit, where all is plain there is nothing to be argued. What point in the anti-slavery creed would you have me argue? On what branch of the subject do the people of this country need light? Must I undertake to prove that the slave is a man? That point is conceded already. Nobody doubts it.Which statement best explains why this is an example of a counterclaim by Douglass? Douglass addresses a potential argument of the other side and makes a case against it. Douglass addresses a potential argument of the other side and admits the point is solid. Douglass makes a claim and offers facts to support it. Douglass makes a claim and admits the flaws within it.

1

Read the excerpt from "What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?"Fellow-citizens, above your national, tumultuous joy, I hear the mournful wail of millions! whose chains, heavy and grievous yesterday, are, to-day, rendered more intolerable by the jubilee shouts that reach them. If I do forget, if I do not faithfully remember those bleeding children of sorrow this day, "may my right hand forget her cunning, and may my tongue cleave to the roof of my mouth!" To forget them, to pass lightly over their wrongs, and to chime in with the popular theme, would be treason most scandalous and shocking, and would make me a reproach before God and the world. My subject, then, fellow-citizens, is American slavery. I shall see this day and its popular characteristics from the slave's point of view.Which best describes why this is an example of inductive reasoning? It starts with details and uses them to support a more sweeping statement. It makes an assertion, then counters arguments against that assertion. It defends an argument with carefully researched facts and excerpts. It uses an anecdote to support a broad claim about the injustices of slavery.

1

Read the excerpt from Pygmalion and Galatea by Josephine Preston Peabody. Day after day the ivory maiden looked down at him silently, and he looked back at her until he felt that he loved her more than anything else in the world. He thought of her no longer as a statue, but as the dear companion of his life; and the whim grew upon him like an enchantment. He named her Galatea, and arrayed her like a princess; he hung jewels about her neck, and made all his home beautiful and fit for such a presence. Read the excerpt from Pygmalion by George Bernard Shaw. The flower girl enters in state. She has a hat with three ostrich feathers, orange, sky-blue, and red. She has a nearly clean apron, and the shoddy coat has been tidied a little. The pathos of this deplorable figure, with its innocent vanity and consequential air, touches Pickering, who has already straightened himself in the presence of Mrs. Pearce. But as to Higgins, the only distinction he makes between men and women is that when he is neither bullying nor exclaiming to the heavens against some featherweight cross, he coaxes women as a child coaxes its nurse when it wants to get anything out of her. Based on these excerpts, which statement best describes how Galatea has been adapted in the character of the flower girl, Eliza? Eliza is not as perfect as Galatea is. Eliza is treated like royalty, just as Galatea is. Eliza can enchant her suitors as Galatea has. Eliza lacks the personality that Galatea has.

1

Read the excerpt from Roosevelt's "Four Freedoms" speech. That kind of world is the very antithesis of the so-called new order of tyranny which the dictators seek to create with the crash of a bomb. To that new order we oppose the greater conception—the moral order. Roosevelt's appeals to emotion in this section of the speech are intended to warn of increasing danger. outline the plan for attack. make him sound credible. define the word tyranny.

1

Read the excerpt from The Crisis, Number I."My own line of reasoning is to myself as straight and clear as a ray of light."Paine most likely uses this language to convince his audience that he is completely confident in his reasoning. his reasoning is supported by many others. his reasoning is influenced by the laws of nature. their reasoning is flawed if they disagree with him.

1

Read the excerpt from We Shall Not Be Moved.Everywhere in the garment district, by the front gates of little shops and big ones, picketers marched and sang. "O Dubinushka," they sang, and "Tortured and Enslaved," and other Russian folk and revolutionary airs. Icy rains poured down on them, some were in danger of frostbite — a winter of record-breaking cold had already begun — but there they were and there they stayed.The union men were amazed. "There never was anything like it," one ILGWU official declared. "An equal number of men never would hold together under what these girls are enduring." How would a careful rereading of this excerpt help a reader understand who made up the ILGWU? The reader could make a connection between the quote by one ILGWU official and the author's reference to "union men" just before it. The reader could make a connection between the quote by one ILGWU official and the reference to "these girls" in the same quote. The reader could make a connection between the quote by one ILGWU official and the author's description of "other Russian folk" in the first paragraph. The reader could make a connection between the quote by one ILGWU official and the descriptive phrase "they sang" in the first paragraph.

1

Read the excerpt from the The Crisis, Number I."Not a man lives on the continent but fully believes that a separation must some time or other finally take place."Which best describes Paine's use of figurative language in this excerpt? Paine uses hyperbole to emphasize that there is strong colonial support for American independence. Paine uses metaphor to illustrate why America must gain independence from Britain. Paine uses hyperbole to describe the ways in which independence will benefit most of the colonists. Paine uses metaphor to express the fact that the majority of colonists believe in American independence.

1

Read the passage from A Raisin in the Sun. BENEATHA (with a grand and bitter gesture): This, friends, is the Welcoming Committee! WALTER (dumfounded, looking at LINDNER): Is this what you came marching all the way over here to tell us? LINDNER: Well, now we've been having a fine conversation. I hope you'll hear me all the way through— WALTER (tightly): Go ahead, man. Which words from the text best support a sarcastic tone? "Welcoming Committee" "marching" "hear me" "Go ahead"

1

Read the passage from an argumentative essay. Many endangered species are currently threatened by climate change. There are some laws already in place, but are they effective enough? Anyone with a conscience knows that these creatures deserve the chance to survive without outside threats impeding their survival. I suppose this is a tough decision for lawmakers, but I hope they choose wisely. Which statement best evaluates the claim in the passage? The claim is ineffective because the language used is unclear and the reasoning does not strongly support it. The claim is unsuccessful because most people will not agree with the opinion and reasoning stated in the claim. The claim is logical because it makes sense and the reasoning used to support it is plausible, varied, and effective. The claim is compelling because there is variety in the supporting evidence and the call to action is powerful.

1

Read the passage. (1) Social media is here to stay. (2) No amount of complaining by an older generation who cannot even turn on a computer will change the fact that we live in a social media world. (3) Increasing access to social media for people who are afraid to use it or unwilling to try it should be the first step toward making the playing field a bit more even for everyone. What fallacy does this argument use? an ad hominem attack an appeal to emotion a false dilemma a bandwagon appeal

1

Read the passage. (1) Standardized testing in education is clearly the most effective way to assess a wide range of students to gauge their progress. (2) Many have feared that using these tests will take away from true academic growth and creative thought. (3) This, quite simply, is not the case. (4) Standardized testing is a reliable and objective way to measure student achievement, and many tests actually encourage innovative thinking. (5) One long-term analysis of standardized testing found that over 90 percent of studies done on this type of assessment showed a positive effect on student achievement. (6) This fact alone is enough to calm the fears and anxieties of standardized-testing opponents. Which sentence is a counterclaim? sentence 2 sentence 4 sentence 5 sentence 6

1

Read the sentence from "For the ERA." The selective service law would have to include women, but women would not be required to serve in the armed forces where they are not fitted, any more than men are required to serve. Which best paraphrases this sentence? Women would be required to serve in the armed forces according to rules already in place for men. Men are not required to serve in the armed forces if they are not able, and the same exceptions would apply to women. We would reach equality if women are allowed to serve in the armed forces in whatever capacity they are able. Service in the armed forces, once limited to men, would now become a great opportunity for women.

1

Read the two excerpts. "Remembering to Never Forget: Dominican Republic's 'Parsley Massacre'" by Mark Memmott: As for Trujillo, he stayed in power until 1961, when he was assassinated. Last year, the BBC spoke with one of the army officers who killed the dictator. "The only way to get rid of him was to kill him," Gen. Antonio Imbert told the BBC. "A Genetics of Justice" by Julia Alvarez: On May 30, 1961, nine months after our escape from our homeland, the group of plotters with whom my father had been associated assassinated the dictator. Actually, Dominicans do not refer to the death as an assassination but as an ajusticiamiento, a bringing to justice. Finally, after thirty-one years, Trujillo was brought to justice, found guilty, and executed. But the execution was an external event, not necessarily an internal exorcism. All their lives my parents, along with a nation of Dominicans, had learned the habits of repression, censorship, terror. Those habits would not disappear with a few bullets and a national liberation proclamation. They would not disappear on a plane ride north that put hundreds of miles distance between the island and our apartment in New York. The subject of both passages is the circumstances under which Trujillo died. how Trujillo's death affected individuals. how Trujillo improved the Dominican Republic. what life was like under the dictatorship.

1

Read the two passages about school uniforms. Passage 1 School uniforms could alter students' attitudes toward their education. If students wear the same clothing each day, they will not have to think about what to wear on a daily basis. In addition, having a uniform could boost students' confidence and reduce envy or embarrassment. Conforming to one uniform might also help students fit in more easily. Passage 2 School uniforms have no place in education, especially since we are trying to instill the principles of individuality and diversity in our children. School uniforms destroy students' abilities to be themselves. I have seen schools where uniforms are required; the students' faces tell the whole story. By enforcing uniforms in school, we are clearly not giving students a choice in what they wear. But when we take away choice, more than just choice is lost. Which statement best compares how the authors develop their arguments? Passage 1 uses a logical approach, while passage 2 contains appeals to emotion. Passage 1 uses an emotional appeal, while passage 2 uses mainly understatement. Passage 1 uses empirical evidence, while passage 2 relies on logical evidence. Passage 1 uses an ad hominem attack, while passage 2 has a bandwagon appeal.

1

Read the excerpt from "A Genetics of Justice" by Julia Alvarez. By the time my mother married my father, however, she knew all about the true nature of the dictatorship. Thousands had lost their lives in failed attempts to return the country to democracy. Family friends, whom she had assumed had dropped away of their own accord, turned out to have been disappeared. My father had been lucky. As a young man, he had narrowly escaped to Canada after the plot he had participated in as a student failed. This was to be the first of two escapes. That same year, 1937, El Generalísimo ordered the overnight slaughter of some eighteen thousand Haitians, who had come across the border to work on sugarcane plantations for slave wages. Which details does the author include to support the central idea about the result of the dictatorship? Select two options. "lost their lives" "family friends" "lucky" "escapes" "slaughter"

1, 5

Read the two passages from A Raisin in the Sun. Passage 1: MAN (coming in): Thank you. BENEATHA: My mother isn't here just now. Is it business? MAN: Yes . . . well, of a sort. WALTER (freely, the Man of the House): Have a seat. I'm Mrs. Younger's son. I look after most of her business matters. RUTH and BENEATHA exchange amused glances. Passage 2: MAMA (to WALTER): Son—(She goes to him, bends down to him, talks to his bent head.) Son . . . Is it gone? Son, I gave you sixty-five hundred dollars. Is it gone? All of it? Beneatha's money too? WALTER (lifting his head slowly): Mama . . . I never . . . went to the bank at all . . . MAMA (not wanting to believe him): You mean . . . your sister's school money . . . you used that too . . . Walter? . . . WALTER: Yessss! All of it . . . It's all gone . . . There is total silence. RUTH stands with her face covered with her hands; BENEATHA leans forlornly against a wall, fingering a piece of red ribbon from the mother's gift. MAMA stops and looks at her son without recognition and then, quite without thinking about it, starts to beat him senselessly in the face. BENEATHA goes to them and stops it. BENEATHA: Mama! MAMA stops and looks at both of her children and rises slowly and wanders vaguely, aimlessly away from them. Which statement best compares the two passages? The first passage hints that the family should not trust Walter with money or business matters, and the second passage confirms it. The first passage hints that Walter is excellent at managing the family's money and business matters, and the second passage confirms it. Both passages show that Ruth, Beneatha, and Mama will forgive Walter for anything, no matter how foolishly he acts. Both passages show that Ruth, Beneatha, and Mama have a great deal of respect for Walter and work hard to impress him.

1

Read this prompt. Create a multimedia presentation for the claim that virtual reality technology is a useful tool in the study of medicine. Use research and evidence to support your opinion. Use persuasive techniques and a variety of visual aids in your presentation. Which multimedia aid provides the best support for this claim? a brief video clip of a medical school professor discussing a specific case of using virtual reality a podcast about the origins of virtual reality technology at medical schools a photo showing differences between virtual reality equipment for gamers and medical students a student discussion about the pros and cons of virtual reality in medicine

1

The term pathos is best defined as an appeal to emotions. the use of changes in tone. an appeal to character. the use of exaggeration.

1

What is the purpose of presenting a false dilemma in a speech? to convince the audience that there are limited options to convince the audience that an argument is flawed to provide the audience with several alternative examples to sway the audience to rush to an opinion without facts

1

What kind of evidence best supports reasons in an argument? All evidence should be reliable and varied, using personal experiences only when relevant. All evidence should be empirical and scientifically proven in order to be more persuasive. All evidence should be open to multiple interpretations to strongly support counterclaims. All evidence should be created by the writer to avoid the repetition and overuse of evidence.

1

Which statement about valid and reliable news reports is true? They include objective facts presented without bias. The are written from a subjective perspective. They present conclusions in order to persuade readers. They are written from a first-person perspective.

1

Which statement from a city mayor's speech is an example of hyperbole? Voting in the municipal election is a matter of life and death. The economy prospered after the city signed a trade agreement. The population of our city has doubled in the past 10 years. If you were concerned about the future, you would vote in the election.

1

How does an effective argumentative essay address counterclaims? It acknowledges counterclaims but shows that they make no sense. It acknowledges counterclaims and provides a fair and objective rebuttal. It ignores counterclaims but offers overwhelming evidence to support its own claim. It ignores counterclaims because mentioning them would weaken the writer's argument.

2

Nico is brainstorming reasons to support this claim for his argumentative essay. Bob Dylan deserved to win the Nobel Prize. Which reasons would be the most effective? Select two options. Dylan has been internationally acclaimed for more than half a century. Dylan is first and foremost a poet, and poetry is often accompanied by music. The effect of Dylan's music on his listeners and fans has not always been positive. It has been almost a quarter century since an American won the Nobel Prize in Literature. True poetry does not require music to be effective, but Dylan's lyrics work only when put to music.

1,2

Read the definitions. rung \ ˈrəŋ \ [Middle English; Old English hrung or crossbar] noun1. one of the crosspieces of a ladder2. the cross supports on the underside of a chair3. a level of hierarchy wrung \ˈrəŋ\ [Middle English; Old English wringan; German ringan, "to struggle"] transitive verb1. past tense of the verb wring, meaning to squeeze or twist dry2. past tense of the verb wring, meaning to extract or obtain by twisting and compressing3. past tense of the verb wring, meaning to affect painfully Which sentences use wrung correctly? Choose two options. He wrung as much water out of the towel as he could before hanging it up. When she heard the news, she wrung her hands in frustration. The wrungs of the ladder are so unsturdy that the ladder should not be used. The students liked to balance their feet on the wrungs of the desk chairs. Hard work is required to reach the highest wrungs of success.

1,2

Read the two passages from A Raisin in the Sun. Passage 1: [LINDNER:] At the moment the overwhelming majority of our people out there feel that people get along better, take more of a common interest in the life of the community, when they share a common background. I want you to believe me when I tell you that race prejudice simply doesn't enter into it. It is a matter of the people of Clybourne Park believing, rightly or wrongly, as I say, that for the happiness of all concerned that our Negro families are happier when they live in their own communities. BENEATHA (with a grand and bitter gesture): This, friends, is the Welcoming Committee! Passage 2: LINDNER (looking around at the hostile faces and reaching and assembling his hat and briefcase): Well—I don't understand why you people are reacting this way. What do you think you are going to gain by moving into a neighborhood where you just aren't wanted and where some elements—well—people can get awful worked up when they feel that their whole way of life and everything they've ever worked for is threatened. WALTER: Get out. LINDNER (at the door, holding a small card): Well—I'm sorry it went like this. WALTER: Get out. LINDNER (almost sadly regarding WALTER): You just can't force people to change their hearts, son. He turns and puts his card on a table and exits. WALTER pushes the door to with stinging hatred, and stands looking at it. RUTH just sits and BENEATHA just stands. They say nothing. MAMA and TRAVIS enter. MAMA: Well—this all the packing got done since I left out of here this morning. I testify before God that my children got all the energy of the dead! What time the moving men due? BENEATHA: Four o'clock. You had a caller, Mama. Which phrases from the passages best support the theme that racism can be subtle? Select three options. "a common background" "their own communities" "some elements" "all the energy of the dead" "You had a caller"

1,2,3

Read the passage. Congress needs to pass legislation to protect the endangered species—and all organisms—currently threatened by climate change. All Americans realize that these creatures deserve the chance to survive without threats outside of their control. If Congress fails to address this today, then we all lose. Which fallacies appear in this passage? Select three options. An appeal to emotion is used to make Congress feel guilty if they do not support the legislation. A false dilemma is used to claim that legislation is the only way to protect the environment. An ad hominem is used to attack representatives for being distracted when hearing evidence. A bandwagon appeal is used to suggest that every American wants to help endangered species. A false dilemma is used to introduce the idea that the legislation will save us all.

1,2,4

Which examples are clauses? Select three options. whenever I go to the movies Samir lives on Green Street. tearing through the town but it's likely to rain that day after the end of the school year

1,2,4

Which situations are best suited for the passive voice? Select three options. when you are talking about a general truth when the performer of the action is unknown when you want to emphasize the action directly when you want to emphasize the receiver of the action when you want to be clear about who performs the action

1,2,4

Read the excerpt from "A Genetics of Justice" by Julia Alvarez. Perhaps because she had innocently revered him, my mother was now doubly revolted by this cold-blooded monster. He became something of an obsession with her—living as she was by then in exile with my father, isolated from her family who were still living on the Island. As my sisters and I were growing up, Trujillo and his excesses figured in many of my mother's cautionary tales. Which details does the author include to support the central idea about how her mother felt about the dictator? Select three options. "doubly revolted" "obsession" "in exile" "isolated" "cautionary tales"

1,2,5

Which questions best help determine whether a news source is reputable and objective? Select three options. In what order does the news source choose to present the headlines? Does the news source use language that might lead to an emotional response? Is the news source primarily an online news source or a print news source? Does the news source offer the news for free, or is a paid subscription necessary? What type of language do the reporters use in the published news stories?

1,2,5

In Four Freedoms, when Roosevelt describes four freedoms (speech, worship, lack of want, and lack of fear) to support his claim that more taxes will need to be paid, he is using feelings. reasons. evidence. opinions.

2

Read the passage from A Raisin in the Sun. WALTER (amiably, as he sits himself easily on a chair, leaning forward on his knees with interest and looking expectantly into the newcomer's face): What can we do for you, Mr. Lindner! LINDNER (some minor shuffling of the hat and briefcase on his knees): Well—I am a representative of the Clybourne Park Improvement Association— WALTER (pointing): Why don't you sit your things on the floor? LINDNER: Oh—yes. Thank you. (He slides the briefcase and hat under the chair.) And as I was saying—I am from the Clybourne Park Improvement Association and we have had it brought to our attention at the last meeting that you people—or at least your mother—has bought a piece of residential property at—(He digs for the slip of paper again.)—four o six Clybourne Street . . . WALTER: That's right. Care for something to drink? Ruth, get Mr. Lindner a beer. LINDNER (upset for some reason): Oh—no, really. I mean thank you very much, but no thank you. Which connotations are associated with the word representative as it is used in this passage? Select two options. official exceptional authoritative legislative manipulative

1,3

Read the passage from A Raisin in the Sun. LINDNER (looking around at the hostile faces and reaching and assembling his hat and briefcase): Well—I don't understand why you people are reacting this way. What do you think you are going to gain by moving into a neighborhood where you just aren't wanted and where some elements—well—people can get awful worked up when they feel that their whole way of life and everything they've ever worked for is threatened. Which connotations are associated with the phrase "worked up"? Select three options. concerned apologetic anxious angry exhausted

1,3,4

Which scenarios are considered ethically acceptable for journalists? Select three options. paying money to attend a conference about climate change in order to do research for an article accepting money from a politician to report on an opponent, then donating the money to a charity ending an investigation because it may lead to violence and disunity in a local community interviewing the CEOs of two insurance companies that are competing against each other using information from a wiki page to clarify information about a topic

1,3,4

Which texts are written to inform readers? Select 3 options. science textbooks novels biographies newspaper articles short stories

1,3,4

Which are important to consider when identifying the purpose of a speech? Select 4 options. cultural context expert opinion central ideas language audience

1,3,4,5

A good summary of an informational text must include all the details that the text contains about its subject. state, in the student's own words, only the most important ideas. evaluate whether the text's author covered the subject matter well. use phrases and sentences taken directly from the original author.

2

A reader can ask, "How would I react if the events in this book happened to me?" to put a text into content. context. word order. logical order.

2

Read Leo Kanowitz's quotation at the end of "For the ERA." "Rules of law that treat of the sexes per se inevitably produce far-reaching effects upon social, psychological and economic aspects of male-female relations beyond the limited confines of legislative chambers and courtrooms. As long as organized legal systems, at once the most respected and most feared of social institutions, continue to differentiate sharply, in treatment or in words, between men and women on the basis of irrelevant and artificially created distinctions, the likelihood of men and women coming to regard one another primarily as fellow human beings and only secondarily as representatives of another sex will continue to be remote. When men and women are prevented from recognizing one another's essential humanity by sexual prejudices, nourished by legal as well as social institutions, society as a whole remains less than it could otherwise become." Read Reese's summary. Laws based on false distinctions between men and women have wide-ranging effects: when legal and social institutions view people primarily as male or female rather than simply as humans, individuals do as well. What summarizing mistake has Reese made? used too many of the author's words left out an important idea paraphrased instead of summarized included a personal opinion

2

Read and reread the excerpt from We Shall Not Be Moved.Everywhere in the garment district, by the front gates of little shops and big ones, picketers marched and sang. "O Dubinushka," they sang, and "Tortured and Enslaved," and other Russian folk and revolutionary airs. Icy rains poured down on them, some were in danger of frostbite — a winter of record-breaking cold had already begun — but there they were and there they stayed. What are "O Dubinushka" and "Tortured and Enslaved"? signs on the front gates of shops Russian folk and revolutionary songs terms to describe cold, icy rains Russian picketers in the garment district

2

Read the claim and reason. Beginning in high school, students should earn their own money by finding after-school employment. An after-school job serves not only as income, but as valuable experience for when students leave school for the workforce. Read the counterclaim and reason. While having a source of income can certainly be a learning experience for high school students, they should maintain their focus on academics and extracurricular activities. Working after school, many experts agree, can lead to a decrease in school success, which can then limit students' options when they enter the workforce. How can the rebuttal best address the counterclaim? The rebuttal should include examples of jobs that are available to students and the problems associated with those jobs. The rebuttal should acknowledge that school remains a priority and discuss the benefits of a balance between school and work. The rebuttal should address the need for a discussion on the matter by restating both points before reaching a conclusion. The rebuttal should state a logical explanation for both opinions before granting credibility to the need for school to remain a priority.

2

Read the claim from Dan DeLuca's editorial "Dylan's Nobel Prize Settles Debate: Rock Lyrics Are Poetry." Are rock lyrics poetry? The answer must be yes. Which excerpt from the article provides evidence that supports this claim? "The Swedish Academy's decision to honor Dylan set off an online debate." "Salman Rushdie, a Nobel candidate himself, called Dylan 'the brilliant inheritor of the bardic tradition.'" "Dylan is of course enormously influential." "The Nobel is given for a body of work."

2

Read the counterclaim from an argumentative essay. Bob Dylan's lyrics are just as effective without musical accompaniment. Which reason would best refute the counterclaim? Only die-hard fans and the uninformed would argue that Bob Dylan's lyrics are literature. It is impossible to separate song lyrics from the music that accompanies them. Song lyrics are no better than childish nonsense without the music that accompanies them. Dylan has written many enduring songs and received many awards for his musical achievements.

2

Read the excerpt from "A Genetics of Justice" by Julia Alvarez. Passage A: Given this mandate of silence, I was a real thorn in my mother's side. She had named me, her second of four daughters, after herself—so we shared the same name. Of all her babies, she reports, l was the best behaved, until l learned to talk. Then, I would not shut up. I always had to answer her back when I disagreed with her. Childhood was rocky, but adolescence was a full-fledged war. Passage B: Unfortunately for my mother, I grew up to be a writer publishing under my maiden name. Which statement correctly analyzes how the passages work together to create a central idea? Alvarez describes how her good behavior was an issue, or a thorn, for her mother. Alvarez contrasts her mother's insistence on silence with her own desire to tell stories. Alvarez explains how her mother's desires and temperament were similar to her own. Alvarez traces how her childhood behavior led her to become a successful writer.

2

Read the excerpt from "For the ERA." It is obvious, I think, that a robust woman could be more fit for physical labor than a weak man. The choice of occupation would be determined by individual capabilities, and the rewards for equal work should be equal. Which best summarizes the excerpt's main ideas? Isn't it obvious that some women are stronger and more fit for certain jobs than some smaller, weaker men, and thus they should be paid the same amount? Fitness for a particular occupation should be determined by individual capabilities, and pay should be equal regardless of sex. Women who are more capable than men for certain jobs should be given the opportunity to train for those jobs and should be paid the same as men are. Both sexes can develop physical characteristics that make them fit for physical labor, and everyone deserves fair pay for a good day's work.

2

Read the excerpt from "For the ERA." Opponents of the amendment claim its ratification would throw the law into a state of confusion and would result in much litigation to establish its meaning. Read Kai's paraphrase. Opponents of the ERA claim it would require ratification and litigation to resolve the confusion as to its true meaning. Which paraphrasing mistake has Kai made? used too many of the original speaker's words changed the meaning of the original quotation added an opinion added extra information

2

Read the excerpt from "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God."Is it not a reasonable thing to fright a person out of a house on fire?What is the purpose of this sentence in Edwards's sermon? It explains why hell is such a dangerous and scary place. It justifies Edwards's strategy of scaring people into accepting God. It asks the reader to explain what to do when confronted with danger. It suggests that people should save their neighbors if their houses catch on fire.

2

Read the excerpt from "We Are Determined Not to Sell Our Lands."Brother, the white people buy and sell false rights to our lands, and your employers have, you say, paid a great price for their rights. They must have plenty of money to spend it in buying false rights to lands belonging to Indians. The loss of it will not hurt them, but our lands are of great value to us, and we wish you to go back with our talk to your employers and tell them and the Yorkers that they have no right to buy and sell false rights to our lands. Which best describes the central idea of this excerpt? Buying land from Indigenous people is expensive for Yorkers. Yorkers have no right to sell the lands held by Indigenous people. Land is more important to Indigenous people than Yorkers. Yorkers are determined to buy lands from Indigenous people.

2

Read the excerpt from "What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?"Fellow-citizens, pardon me, allow me to ask, why am I called upon to speak here today? What have I, or those I represent, to do with your national independence? Are the great principles of political freedom and of natural justice, embodied in that Declaration of Independence, extended to us? And am I, therefore, called upon to bring our humble offering to the national altar, and to confess the benefits and express devout gratitude for the blessings resulting from your independence to us?Would to God, both for your sakes and ours, that an affirmative answer could be truthfully returned to these questions! Then would my task be light, and my burden easy and delightful. For who is there so cold, that a nation's sympathy could not warm him? Who so obdurate and dead to the claims of gratitude, that would not thankfully acknowledge such priceless benefits? Who so stolid and selfish, that would not give his voice to swell the hallelujahs of a nation's jubilee, when the chains of servitude had been torn from his limbs? I am not that man. In a case like that, the dumb might eloquently speak, and the "lame man leap as an hart."Which statement best describes why this excerpt contains an example of deductive reasoning? It contains specific details that support a variety of different ideas. It begins with broad statements and ends with more specific ones. It uses clear examples that are easily understood by all readers. It starts with a very simple idea and builds to a much grander idea.

2

Read the excerpt from Ronald Reagan's "Tear Down This Wall" speech. As I looked out a moment ago from the Reichstag, that embodiment of German unity, I noticed words crudely spray-painted upon the wall, perhaps by a young Berliner, "This wall will fall. Beliefs become reality." Yes, across Europe, this wall will fall. For it cannot withstand faith; it cannot withstand truth. The wall cannot withstand freedom. How does repetition create meaning in this excerpt? The repetition emphasizes information about communism. The repetition emphasizes the principles of freedom. The repetition gives context to Reagan's beliefs. The repetition gives context to Reagan's goals in Europe.

2

Read the excerpt from Roosevelt's "Four Freedoms" speech. Our strength is our unity of purpose. Roosevelt's appeal to emotion in this section of the speech makes listeners feel that they are a nation with only one cause. a part of the same team. a nation that sees no division. a part of something grand.

2

Read the excerpt from The Crisis, Number I."'Tis the business of little minds to shrink; but he whose heart is firm, and whose conscience approves his conduct, will pursue his principles unto death."Which best describes the purpose of this excerpt? to explain Paine's moral justification for the war to inspire colonists to join the fight for independence to encourage colonists to consider a peaceful solution to emphasize the hardships that come with fighting for a cause

2

Read the excerpt from The Souls of Black Folk by W. E. B. Du Bois. The growing spirit of kindliness and reconciliation between the North and South after the frightful difference of a generation ago ought to be a source of deep congratulation to all, and especially to those whose mistreatment caused the war; but if that reconciliation is to be marked by the industrial slavery and civic death of those same black men, with permanent legislation into a position of inferiority, then those black men, if they are really men, are called upon by every consideration of patriotism and loyalty to oppose such a course by all civilized methods, even though such opposition involves disagreement with Mr. Booker T. Washington. What is the author's claim? People should challenge Washington on his beliefs. Reconciliation that includes oppressing a group of people should be opposed. The reconciliation of the North and South at that point in time should be celebrated. Black men should be patriotic and loyal because of reconciliation.

2

Read the excerpt from We Shall Not Be Moved.Delegates would be elected from each of the shops, to bring the workers' demands to a central strike committee. Speakers would have to be found to report the progress of the strike back to the workers, those speakers fluent in Yiddish, English, or Italian. A strike fund would have to be raised, an information bureau set up where strikers could register for relief, or for help with legal and personal problems. Publicity was another vital need — photos and eyewitness accounts of workers on the picket lines being harassed by gorillas and police. The picket lines themselves would have to be organized. Which best states the author's purpose for including information about the needs of the strike organizers? to show the reader the feelings of the striking workers as they stood in the picket lines to give the reader an idea of the complicated work required for the garment worker's strike to show the reader how the needs of striking workers today compare with those of the past to persuade the reader that the garment worker's strike was an impossible task

2

Read the excerpt from We Shall Not Be Moved.Esther Lobetkin, a recent immigrant, became chairman of her Yiddish-speaking group, marching with the strikers by day, then rushing to Clinton Hall to report and attend meetings until the small hours of the morning. A sandwich at midnight and an hour of sleep were all she seemed to need. Although she was arrested time and again, she never failed to yell from the back of the patrol wagon, "Do not lose courage! We'll win yet!" Which best states the author's purpose for naming and describing Esther Lobetkin in the text? to challenge ideas about a historical person to bring a person from history to life to connect the past to the present to show what it was like to work in a factory

2

Read the scenario. Joe, a reporter for Main Street News, covered a campaign rally for Jiya Patel, who is running for county commissioner. While at the rally, he interviewed the candidate and some audience members as his research for the article. He then wrote an article describing the rally, the candidate's platform, and the reasons her supporters believe that she is the best person for this job. When he finished, he turned his article in to his editor. As the editor reviews this story, he sees a public report on campaign donations and learns that Joe has made a sizeable contribution to Patel's campaign. What is the most ethical action for the editor to take? edit the article that was written to make sure it is objective, then run it in tomorrow's edition of the newspaper explain to the reporter that the newspaper cannot run the story because of perceived bias based on donations, so the article is being reassigned discuss the article with the reporter to better understand his affiliation with the candidate and his views on the upcoming local elections ask a reporter who supports an opposing candidate to read and help edit the article to ensure there is no bias in the reporting

2

Read the excerpt from We Shall Not Be Moved.League women came and went, usually at a run. Some were "ladies," like Mary Dreier, others were worker-members, like Rose Schneiderman, a former cap maker, and Leonora O'Reilly, who had started work in a collar factory at the age of eleven. Another League member, Rose Pastor Stokes, known as the red Yiddish Cinderella, used to work in a cigar factory. When she became engaged to the son of a millionaire — they had met at a settlement house — front page headlines in the New York Times announced J. G. Phelps Stokes to Wed Young Jewess. At strike headquarters Mrs. Stokes delivered fiery speeches about freeing workers from the shackles of the bosses. What conclusion can be drawn by connecting knowledge of the historical time period with information in the text? The women of the league were wealthy women who had little-to-no experience working in a garment factory. The support of wealthy league women contributed to the successful outcome of the female garment workers' strike. Women who worked in garment factories were often married, so it was not critical that they receive equal pay. Women who did not need to work were not interested in or aware of the difficulties faced by garment factory workers.

2

Read the excerpt from an argument in favor of having classes start later. As children get older, they go to bed later. _____, their classes begin earlier. _____, they are increasingly sleep deprived. Which transitional words or phrases should be used to clarify the relationships between the ideas? But; However Yet; As a result However; In addition For example; Therefore

2

Read the excerpts from Roosevelt's "Four Freedoms" speech and Lincoln's "Gettysburg Address." Roosevelt: This nation has placed its destiny in the hands and heads and hearts of its millions of free men and women; and its faith in freedom under the guidance of God. Freedom means the supremacy of human rights everywhere. Our support goes to those who struggle to gain those rights or keep them. Our strength is our unity of purpose. To that high concept there can be no end save victory. Lincoln: To be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us - that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion - that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain - that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom - and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. Which value is most emphasized within both excerpts? honor freedom victory strength

2

Read the passage from A Raisin in the Sun. LINDNER: Yes—that's the way we feel out in Clybourne Park. And that's why I was elected to come here this afternoon and talk to you people. Friendly like, you know, the way people should talk to each other and see if we couldn't find some way to work this thing out. As I say, the whole business is a matter of caring about the other fellow. Anybody can see that you are a nice family of folks, hard-working and honest I'm sure. (BENEATHA frowns slightly, quizzically, her head tilted regarding him.) Today everybody knows what it means to be on the outside of something. And of course, there is always somebody who is out to take advantage of people who don't always understand. WALTER: What do you mean? LINDNER: Well—you see our community is made up of people who've worked hard as the dickens for years to build up that little community. They're not rich and fancy people; just hard-working, honest people who don't really have much but those little homes and a dream of the kind of community they want to raise their children in. Now, I don't say we are perfect and there is a lot wrong in some of the things they want. But you've got to admit that a man, right or wrong, has the right to want to have the neighborhood he lives in a certain kind of way. And at the moment the overwhelming majority of our people out there feel that people get along better, take more of a common interest in the life of the community, when they share a common background. I want you to believe me when I tell you that race prejudice simply doesn't enter into it. It is a matter of the people of Clybourne Park believing, rightly or wrongly, as I say, that for the happiness of all concerned that our Negro families are happier when they live in their own communities. BENEATHA (with a grand and bitter gesture): This, friends, is the Welcoming Committee! WALTER (dumfounded, looking at LINDNER): Is this what you came marching all the way over here to tell us? . . . . RUTH: Lord have mercy, ain't this the living gall! How does the playwright use dialogue to develop the message in this passage? Beneatha's use of sarcasm shows how people can unintentionally hurt those they care about. Lindner's good manners and polite words show that segregation can be subtle and indirect. The rapid pace of Beneatha, Walter, and Ruth's dialogue shows that direct confrontation is the best way to resolve differences. Walter's questions and Ruth's exclamation develop the message that communication breakdowns are often the fault of both parties.

2

Read the passage from A Raisin in the Sun. MAMA (sensing their facetiousness): What's the matter with you all? WALTER: Ain't nothing the matter with us. We just telling you 'bout the gentleman who came to see you this afternoon. From the Clybourne Park Improvement Association. MAMA: What he want? RUTH (in the same mood as BENEATHA and WALTER): To welcome you, honey. WALTER: He said they can't hardly wait. He said the one thing they don't have, that they just dying to have out there is a fine family of fine colored people! (To RUTH and BENEATHA.) Ain't that right! RUTH (mockingly): Yeah! He left his card— BENEATHA (handing card to MAMA): In case. MAMA reads and throws it on the floor—understanding and looking off as she draws her chair up to the table on which she has put her plant and some sticks and some cord. MAMA: Father, give us strength. (Knowingly—and without fun.) Did he threaten us? BENEATHA: Oh—Mama—they don't do it like that anymore. He talked Brotherhood. He said everybody ought to learn how to sit down and hate each other with good Christian fellowship. Which statement best summarizes the theme in this passage? When you welcome new arrivals, it may not always go as planned. Racism exists even when racists do not talk openly about their views. The use of polite language and kind gestures can resolve problems. Treating people with kindness and honesty leads to fair treatment.

2

Read the passage from A Raisin in the Sun. MAMA: Father, give us strength. (Knowingly—and without fun.) Did he threaten us? · BENEATHA: Oh—Mama—they don't do it like that anymore. He talked Brotherhood. He said everybody ought to learn how to sit down and hate each other with good Christian fellowship, She and WALTER shake hands to ridicule the remark. MAMA (sadly): Lord, protect us . . . Which statement best explains how word choice affects the tone of this passage? The word strength creates an optimistic tone. The word threaten creates a somber tone. The word knowingly creates a bored tone. The word protect creates a confident tone.

2

Read Franklin Roosevelt's request for a declaration of war. What are the main purposes of this speech? Select two options. to issue a threat to the country of Japan to explain why military action is necessary to propose alternatives for a next course of action to rally the support of the American people for war to show differences between the US and Japan

2,4

Read the sentence from "For the ERA." The selective service law would have to include women, but women would not be required to serve in the armed forces where they are not fitted, any more than men are required to serve. Which best paraphrases this sentence? Women would be required to serve in the armed forces according to rules already in place for men. Men are not required to serve in the armed forces if they are not able, and the same exceptions would apply to women. We would reach equality if women are allowed to serve in the armed forces in whatever capacity they are able. Service in the armed forces, once limited to men, would now become a great opportunity for women.

2

Read the sentence from "We Are Determined Not to Sell Our Lands."The lands do not belong to the Yorkers; they are ours and were given to us by the Great Spirit. How does this sentence develop the central idea of the speech? It explains the history of the lands. It explains why the tribes say the land is theirs. It emphasizes that the tribes consult the Great Spirit. It identifies who is trying to buy the tribes' land.

2

Read the two passages. Passage 1 Many people think that standardized testing is unnecessary; however, standardized testing is the only way to measure student achievement. Viewing student testing only from a student's perspective is missing the point. If we think of it in practical terms, we can see that testing students gives us a baseline to assist those students in their areas of greatest need. Without standardized testing, that assistance would not be possible. Passage 2 Students experience anxiety during standardized testing. Everyone knows this, and everyone should realize that no child deserves to feel unnecessary stress. Imagine one of your own children suffering through the rigors of a week—or more—of testing. Imagine that anxiety, even though there were clearly alternatives available to avoid it. This is just one of the many reasons to eliminate standardized testing in our schools. How do the fallacies in the first passage differ from the fallacies in the second? Passage 1 contains an ad hominem attack, while passage 2 contains a false dilemma. Passage 1 contains a false dilemma, while passage 2 contains a bandwagon appeal. Passage 1 contains a bandwagon appeal, while passage 2 contains ad hominem attack. Passage 1 contains an appeal to emotion, while passage 2 contains an ad hominem attack.

2

Read this example of incorrect sentence structure. Paula is moving to Chicago, winters are cold there. Which revision best corrects the sentence? Paula is moving to Chicago winters are cold there. Paula is moving to Chicago, where winters are cold. Paula is moving to Chicago, so winters are cold there. Paula is moving to Chicago; however, winters are cold there.

2

Sermons such as "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God" were written largely in response to the religious oppression some colonists had faced in Europe. the rejection of religion in favor of rationalism by some colonists. the growing desire among some colonists for independence from England. the poverty faced by some colonists as a result of oppressive taxes levied by England.

2

The audience for President Reagan's Address at Moscow State University included young college students. This is important because one of the purposes of the speech was to encourage new ideas, and young people are less likely to accept new ideas. encourage new ideas, and young people are more likely to accept new ideas. entertain listeners with stories of America, and young people enjoy stories. entertain listeners with stories of America, and young people like America.

2

The image shows a glass of dirty water with a straw in it. Which caption would most effectively connect the image to the presenter's topic? "Although many people drink water that looks like this, it is still safe to drink." "If our water supply is not cleaned up, your next glass could look like this." "Too many people around the world do not have access to clean water." "A clean water supply ensures that an area's population remains healthy."

2

What happens in an ad hominem persuasive technique? A limited number of options are presented. A person is attacked rather than an argument. Loaded language is used to appeal to emotions. A quick judgment is made without the use of evidence.

2

What is the best definition of an argumentative text? a text that uses vivid language to engage the audience in the topic a text that supports a claim about a debatable topic using evidence as support a text that presents evidence to inform the audience about a specific topic a text that uses rhetorical devices to support a particular perspective

2

Which excerpt from The Crisis, Number I contains a simile? "These are the times that try men's souls." "Tyranny, like hell, is not easily conquered." "What we obtain too cheap, we esteem too lightly." "It is dearness only that gives everything its value."

2

Which multimedia element would most appeal to an audience's emotions in a presentation about global warming? a graph showing an increase in airborne chemicals affecting the ozone layer a photo of a dried-up lake and a photo of a family swimming in the lake before it dried up an interview with a scientist explaining the risks that carbon poses to the ozone layer a video lecture of a professor discussing changes in climates around the world

2

Which sentence from "For the ERA" contains a minor detail that should not be included in a summary of Chisholm's ideas? "The amendment is necessary to clarify countless ambiguities and inconsistencies in our legal system." "The Social Security Act and the civil service and military service retirement acts are in conflict." "Laws setting employment limitations on the basis of sex are irrational, and the proof of this is their inconsistency from state to state." "Social and psychological effects will be initially more important than legal or economic results."

2

Which sentence uses the best verb mood to persuade readers? This lecture could be fascinating, so you should go, because it might sell out. This lecture will be fascinating, so get your tickets before they disappear! This lecture would be fascinating if you went and listened, so go buy a ticket. Do you think the lecture will be fascinating, and would you like to buy a ticket?

2

Which sentence uses the imperative mood? Would you mind reading that sentence aloud again? First, put the eggs in a separate dish and beat them. Why does the cat decide to yowl just as I'm going to sleep? I would like to learn to make cinnamon bagels from scratch.

2

Which statement best describes Edwards's views in "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God"? People who accepted Puritanism would be spared. People who were "born again" in Christ would be spared. People who attended church regularly would be spared. People who were part of Edwards's congregation would be spared.

2

Which statement best explains why Edwards repeats the image of fire throughout "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God"? He wants to remind the congregation that there is fire in hell. He wants to increase his audience's fear of hell. He wants to make fire seem less unusual to the listener. He wants to provide evidence that there is fire in hell.

2

Read the scenario. A construction company reaches out to a local newspaper with news that it will be expanding its business in the near future. The company promises to share more specific information exclusively with the newspaper in exchange for the newspaper running free advertisements for the company. What are the most ethical decisions for the newspaper to make in this situation? Select two options. tell the company that they cannot give out free ads, but offer a discount confirm the company's expansion through other sources before reporting it accept the deal, since the company has been a loyal advertiser for years be completely transparent in reporting about the company's attempt to trade favors contact other construction companies to tell them about the situation

2,4

Read the two excerpts. "Remembering to Never Forget: Dominican Republic's 'Parsley Massacre " by Mark Memmott: The method his soldiers used in 1937 to try to identify those who would be killed was cruelly unique. When confronting someone in the lands along the border with Haiti, they would hold up a sprig of parsley and ask what it was. If the person responded by trilling the "r" in perejil (Spanish for parsley), he would be free to go. Anyone who didn't trill the "r" was thought to be a Haitian Creole speaker—and was likely to be killed. "A Genetics of Justice" by Julia Alvarez: My father and mother were once again trapped in a police state. They laid low as best they could. Now that they had four young daughters, they could not take any chances. For a while, that spark which has almost cost my father his life and which he had lighted in my mother seemed to have burnt out. Periodically, Trujillo would demand a tribute, and they would acquiesce. A tax, a dummy vote, a portrait on the wall. To my father and other men in the country, the most humiliating of these tributes was the occasional parade in which women were made to march and turn their heads and acknowledge the great man as they passed the review stand. Which statements accurately compare the two passages? Select three options. Each text describes the tributes and taxes that Trujillo demanded. Each text describes how frightening it was to live under the dictatorship. Each text presents different information on the same topic. Each text presents different information from a different point of view. Each text describes how men and women were treated differently.

2,3,4

Which examples are compound sentences? Select three options. Maria and Ara are going on an exchange program to China and Japan next summer to study Asian culture. The French drink strong black coffee mixed with hot milk; the Italians drink small cups of espresso. According to my Spanish teacher, Basques have a unique culture, and their language is unrelated to any other world language. My aunt and uncle love to travel in their camper, and they can stop wherever they want to. In history class, we're studying the causes of the Great Depression, which affected the economy of almost every country in the world.

2,3,4

Read the two passages from A Raisin in the Sun. Passage 1: LINDNER: You see—in the face of all the things I have said, we are prepared to make your family a very generous offer . . . BENEATHA: Thirty pieces and not a coin less! LINDNER (putting on his glasses and drawing a form out of the briefcase): Our association is prepared, through the collective effort of our people, to buy the house from you at a financial gain to your family. RUTH: Lord have mercy, ain't this the living gall! WALTER: All right, you through? LINDNER: Well, I want to give you the exact terms of the financial arrangement— WALTER: We don't want to hear no exact terms of no arrangements. I want to know if you got any more to tell us 'bout getting together? LINDNER (taking off his glasses): Well—I don't suppose that you feel . . . WALTER: Never mind how I feel—you got any more to say 'bout how people ought to sit down and talk to each other? . . . Get out of my house, man. Passage 2: WALTER: Ain't nothing the matter with us. We just telling you 'bout the gentleman who came to see you this afternoon. From the Clybourne Park Improvement Association. MAMA: What he want? RUTH (in the same mood as BENEATHA and WALTER): To welcome you, honey. WALTER: He said they can't hardly wait. He said the one thing they don't have, that they just dying to have out there is a fine family of fine colored people! (To RUTH and BENEATHA.) Ain't that right! RUTH (mockingly): Yeah! He left his card— BENEATHA (handing card to MAMA): In case. MAMA reads and throws it on the floor—understanding and looking off as she draws her chair up to the table on which she has put her plant and some sticks and some cord. MAMA: Father, give us strength. (Knowingly—and without fun.) Did he threaten us? BENEATHA: Oh—Mama—they don't do it like that anymore. He talked Brotherhood. He said everybody ought to learn how to sit down and hate each other with good Christian fellowship. She and WALTER shake hands to ridicule the remark. MAMA (sadly): Lord, protect us . . . RUTH: You should hear the money those folks raised to buy the house from us. All we paid and then some. BENEATHA: What they think we going to do—eat 'em? RUTH: No, honey, marry 'em. MAMA (shaking her head): Lord, Lord, Lord . . . Which lines of dialogue develop the idea that racially charged confrontations can have a sudden and unpleasant impact? Select three options. "I don't suppose that you feel" "Ain't this the living gall!" "They don't do it like that anymore." "All we paid and then some." "Lord, Lord, Lord . . ."

2,3,5

Read the excerpt from an op-ed. As a candidate for the Westwood Board of Education, Raj Mathur has the necessary community experience to excel. He is a member of the chamber of commerce and several other township committees and community groups. I have worked beside him in our real estate office for three years. He has been a mentor to me, willingly sharing his wisdom of not only the business, but the community as well. I believe that he is well qualified for the board of education job. Which elements of an op-ed are evident in the excerpt? Select three options. The op-ed shares opinions about each candidate running. The op-ed uses strong, emotional language. The op-ed comes to a conclusion for the audience. The op-ed includes first-person pronouns. The op-ed attempts to persuade the audience.

2,4,5

Which verb phrases are most appropriate to use in a paragraph written in the future tense? Select three options. had wanted will succeed has perpetuated will reevaluate will create

2,4,5

A substantiated opinion is best supported by personal opinions. individual thoughts. expert opinions. common beliefs.

3

Based on "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God," which best describes Edwards's feelings toward his congregation? indifferent amused compassionate confused

3

In "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God," Edwards uses the image of a spider dangling on a thread over fire to describe the horrors of hell. God's displeasure with sinners. a person's ability to avoid damnation. the strength of the faith of many people.

3

In paragraph six of "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God," what does Edwards suggest about spiritual reform? He suggests that church and state should be separated. He suggests that not all people who sin suffer eternal damnation. He suggests that good works alone will not save a person from damnation. He suggests that individuals have no opportunity to be saved from damnation.

3

Read the claim. Human bodies have developed over time to support a vegetarian diet. Which sentence provides the best supporting evidence for the claim? Because humans have evolved over millions of years, it makes sense that our diet has evolved as well. I can feel the negative effects of meat and its excess vitamins when I consume meat products. The length of human intestines is better suited to digest food derived from plants than to digest meat. Human taste buds have matured throughout history in a way that makes people crave the flavor of meat.

3

Read the definitions, then choose the word that correctly completes the sentence. in- = notaud = to hear-ible = can be done-ity = state or condition of My grandfather spoke so quietly that his words were almost audible. audibility. inaudible. inaudable.

3

Read the example. If you want to know how Dickens's last novel would end. What common error in sentence construction is evident in this example? comma splice run-on sentence sentence fragment missing conjunction

3

Read the excerpt from "A Genetics of Justice" by Julia Alvarez. Passage A: And so, long after we had left, my parents were still living in the dictatorship inside their own heads. Even on American soil, they were afraid of awful consequences if they spoke out or disagreed with authorities. The First Amendment right to free speech meant nothing to them. Silence about anything "political" was the rule in our house. Passage B: My mother, especially, lived in terror of the consequences of living as free citizens. In New York City, before Trujillo was killed, Dominican exiles gathered around the young revolutionary Juan Bosch planning an invasion of the Island. Every time my father attended these meetings, my mother would get hysterical. If the SIM found out about my father's activities, family members remaining behind were likely to be in danger. Even our own family in New York could suffer consequences. Which statement best analyzes how the author develops the central idea across the two passages? Alvarez describes how the SIM's threats and activities followed her family even in the United States. Alvarez shows how her parents' fears about the dictatorship turned out to be false as the situation in the Dominican Republic improved. Alvarez shows how her parents' fears about the dictatorship affected their thoughts and actions even when they lived in the United States. Alvarez describes how her parents feared the values of free speech and freedom of association.

3

Read the excerpt from "A Genetics of Justice" by Julia Alvarez. Perhaps because she had innocently revered him, my mother was now doubly revolted by this cold-blooded monster. He became something of an obsession with her—living as she was by then in exile with my father, isolated from her family who were still living on the Island. As my sisters and I were growing up, Trujillo and his excesses figured in many of my mother's cautionary tales. What is the central idea in this paragraph? During her exile, the author's mother did not know how she felt about Trujillo. The author and her sisters were fascinated by Trujillo. The author's mother thought of Trujillo constantly. Trujillo became more controlling to the author's mother after her family fled the country.

3

Read the excerpt from "For the ERA." For instance, the Constitution guarantees due process of law, in the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments. But the applicability of due process to sex distinctions is not clear. Women are excluded from some state colleges and universities. In some states, restrictions are placed on a married woman who engages in an independent business. Women may not be chosen for some juries. Women even receive heavier criminal penalties than men who commit the same crime. Which best paraphrases this excerpt without changing Chisolm's meaning? The Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments guarantee due process of law, which should include sex distinctions, but their application remains unclear because women are excluded from some state colleges and universities, some juries, some business, and some courtrooms. The Constitution guarantees equal protection under the law, but the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments do not apply equally to women; for example, women are not allowed to attend certain schools, serve on certain juries, engage in independent business, or even be given the same penalty for the same crime a man commits. Due process, guaranteed by the Constitution, is inconsistently applied to women, who are excluded from some colleges and universities and some juries, who may be restricted from engaging in a business, and who may also be penalized more harshly than men for similar crimes. While the Constitution was originally intended to include all United States citizens, amendments guaranteeing due process of law exclude women who want to attend college, serve on juries, run a business, or receive the same criminal penalties as men.

3

Read the excerpt from "What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?"Is it not astonishing that, while we are ploughing, planting, and reaping, using all kinds of mechanical tools, erecting houses, constructing bridges, building ships, working in metals of brass, iron, copper, silver and gold; that, while we are reading, writing and ciphering, acting as clerks, merchants and secretaries, having among us lawyers, doctors, ministers, poets, authors, editors, orators and teachers; that, while we are engaged in all manner of enterprises common to other men, digging gold in California, capturing the whale in the Pacific, feeding sheep and cattle on the hill-side, living, moving, acting, thinking, planning, living in families as husbands, wives and children, and, above all, confessing and worshipping the Christian's God, and looking hopefully for life and immortality beyond the grave, we are called upon to prove that we are men!Based on the excerpt above, what was most likely true about this time in the nation's history? Whaling was the most profitable industry for Black people. Ships were the primary means of transporting goods for Black people. Black people were performing the same duties as others without the same rights. More industries were created by Black people during this period than any other time in our nation's history.

3

Read the excerpt from President Reagan's Address at Moscow State University. Some people, even in my own country, look at the riot of experiment that is the free market and see only waste. What of all the entrepreneurs that fail? Well, many do, particularly the successful ones; often several times. And if you ask them the secret of their success, they'll tell you it's all that they learned in their struggles along the way; yes, it's what they learned from failing. President Reagan includes the underlined question to encourage audience interest and participation. warn listeners against becoming entrepreneurs. raise an objection to his own opinion and counter that argument. reference a question in well-known literature and provide an answer.

3

Read the excerpt from Pygmalion and Galatea by Josephine Preston Peabody. But it chanced that Pygmalion fell to work upon an ivory statue of a maiden, so lovely that it must have moved to envy every breathing creature that came to look upon it. With a happy heart the sculptor wrought day by day, giving it all the beauty of his dreams, until, when the work was completed, he felt powerless to leave it. He was bound to it by the tie of his highest aspiration, his most perfect ideal, his most patient work. Read the excerpt from Pygmalion by George Bernard Shaw. HIGGINS. It's only imagination. Low spirits and nothing else. Nobody's hurting you. Nothing's wrong. You go to bed like a good girl and sleep it off. Have a little cry and say your prayers: that will make you comfortable. LIZA. I heard YOUR prayers. "Thank God it's all over!" HIGGINS [impatiently] Well, don't you thank God it's all over? Now you are free and can do what you like. LIZA [pulling herself together in desperation] What am I fit for? What have you left me fit for? Where am I to go? What am I to do? What's to become of me? HIGGINS [enlightened, but not at all impressed] Oh, that's what's worrying you, is it? [He thrusts his hands into his pockets, and walks about in his usual manner, rattling the contents of his pockets, as if condescending to a trivial subject out of pure kindness]. I shouldn't bother about it if I were you. I should imagine you won't have much difficulty in settling yourself, somewhere or other, though I hadn't quite realized that you were going away. [She looks quickly at him: he does not look at her, but examines the dessert stand on the piano and decides that he will eat an apple]. You might marry, you know. [He bites a large piece out of the apple, and munches it noisily]. You see, Eliza, all men are not confirmed old bachelors like me and the Colonel. Most men are the marrying sort (poor devils!); and you're not bad-looking; it's quite a pleasure to look at you sometimes—not now, of course, because you're crying and looking as ugly as the very devil; but when you're all right and quite yourself, you're what I should call attractive. That is, to the people in the marrying line, you understand. You go to bed and have a good nice rest; and then get up and look at yourself in the glass; and you won't feel so cheap. Which statement best explains how Higgins's reaction to Eliza differs from Pygmalion's reaction to Galatea? Higgins is much more captivated by Eliza than Pygmalion is by Galatea. Higgins is much less concerned with Eliza's happiness than Pygmalion is with Galatea's. Higgins is indifferent to Eliza, while Pygmalion is deeply in love with Galatea. Higgins is worried that Eliza will leave, while Pygmalion gladly gives Galatea freedom.

3

Read the excerpt from Ronald Reagan's "Tear Down This Wall" speech. I understand the fear of war and the pain of division that afflict this continent—and I pledge to you my country's efforts to help overcome these burdens. To be sure, we in the West must resist Soviet expansion. So we must maintain defenses of unassailable strength. Yet we seek peace; so we must strive to reduce arms on both sides. Which statement best describes the impact of rhetorical techniques in this excerpt? The use of loaded language creates the need for immediate action in Europe. The use of repetition reminds the audience of the obstacles they must defeat. The use of inclusive language emphasizes hope for a better relationship in the future. The use of exclusive language shows the contrast between the two countries.

3

Read the excerpt from Roosevelt's "Four Freedoms" speech. A part of the sacrifice means the payment of more money in taxes. In my Budget Message I shall recommend that a greater portion of this great defense program be paid for from taxation than we are paying today. No person should try, or be allowed, to get rich out of this program; and the principle of tax payments in accordance with ability to pay should be constantly before our eyes to guide our legislation. What purpose does the underlined portion of this excerpt serve in the argument that Americans should agree to pay more taxes to raise money for entering the war? It introduces the claim that patriotic Americans should be willing to sacrifice and pay extra taxes. It provides the reason why extra taxes must be collected should America decide to join the war. It counters the claim that extra taxes may not be collected fairly or put to good and honest use. It offers evidence that Americans can trust their president should extra taxes be collected.

3

Read the excerpt from The Crisis, Number I."I am as confident as I am that God governs the world that America will never be happy till she gets clear of foreign dominion. Wars without ceasing will break out till that period arrives, and the continent must in the end be conqueror; for though the flame of liberty may sometimes cease to shine, the coal can never expire."Paine uses metaphor to demonstrate that the colonists will never know true joy. the fight for independence is never-ending. the concept of freedom will never cease to exist. Britain will never stop pursuing control of the colonies.

3

Read the excerpt from The Crisis, Number I."The heart that feels not is dead; the blood of his children will curse his cowardice who shrinks back at a time when a little might have saved the whole and made them happy."What is the purpose of the figurative language in this excerpt? to evoke in the audience admiration for those who aid and comfort the needy to evoke in the audience concern for the safety of children and loved ones to evoke in the audience shame for placing self-preservation above the good of the community to evoke in the audience anger at children who disrespect the authority of their parents

3

Which journalistic decisions would violate the code of ethics set by the Society of Professional Journalists? Select two options. A newspaper places an ad on the page opposite an article about foreign policy. A journalist reports on a series of robberies that occurred in his own neighborhood. A reporter writes a story about his wife's company without revealing their relationship. A magazine runs a series of articles speculating about a celebrity's medical history. An editor refuses to publish an article about a politician due to questionable sources.

3,4

Read the excerpt from Up from Slavery by Booker T. Washington. As a rule, I believe in universal, free suffrage, but I believe that in the South we are confronted with peculiar conditions that justify the protection of the ballot in many of the states, for a while at least, either by an education test, a property test, or by both combined; but whatever tests are required, they should be made to apply with equal and exact justice to both races. What is the main claim the author makes? Education and property tests should be requirements for some people. Everyone should be allowed to vote everywhere without discrimination. Any test that is given before voting needs to be required for all equally. The South has particular conditions that need to be taken into account.

3

Read the excerpt from We Shall Not Be Moved.Pauline Newman recalled the feelings of the workers: "I can see the young people, mostly women, walking down and not caring what might happen. The spirit, I think the spirit of a conqueror, led them on. They didn't know what was in store for them, didn't really think of the hunger, cold, loneliness, and what could happen to them. They didn't care on that particular day; that was their day." Which best states the author's purpose for including this quote in the text? to give the reader important facts about the number of workers striking to persuade the reader that the workers were foolish and irresponsible to help the reader understand the courage and determination of the workers to show the reader how Pauline Newman helped the striking workers

3

Read the excerpt from We Shall Not Be Moved.The League, like Local 25, had expected a turnout of four or five thousand. They were bowled over by this army, utterly unprepared for it. They had organized strikes in the garment trade, small ones, usually confined to a single shop, but never before had they undertaken something on so vast a scale. They might fail, might be laughed at by the whole of New York as well as John Dyche and the ILGWU men, and all the same they knew this was the challenge they'd been hoping for — their chance to show the world they were more than highbrow butters-in, just as the shirtwaist makers were more than irresponsible little girls. How would a careful rereading of this excerpt help a reader understand the "League" mentioned in the first sentence? The reader could make the connection between the "League" and the word "bowled" in the second sentence to conclude that they are a bowling team. The reader could make the connection between the "League" and "shirtwaist makers" in the last sentence to realize they are the same group of women. The reader could make the connection between the "League" and the third sentence, which explains that they "organized strikes in the garment trade." The reader could make the connection between the "League" and the "ILGWU men" in the last sentence to note that they are both parts of the same group.

3

Which pair of words share the same prefix? competent and correspondent impatient and incomplete nuisance and tolerance disintegrate and disappear

4

Read the excerpt from a magazine article. The software magnate has been revolutionizing the gaming industry for a decade, releasing several new and exciting titles each quarter. This past quarter, Mr. Vincent's company posted an impressive profit, as it has in each of the past 10 quarters. The public has caught on to Vincent's vision, and the sky continues to be his only limit. Which statement best evaluates the language of the article? The article uses primarily subjective language to describe the company's financial state. The article uses only objective language to describe the story's subject and his company. This article uses subjective language that expresses the author's opinion on the subject. This article uses objective language to impress readers with the subject's achievements.

3

Read the excerpts from Roosevelt's "Four Freedoms" speech and Lincoln's "Gettysburg Address." Roosevelt: This nation has placed its destiny in the hands and heads and hearts of its millions of free men and women; and its faith in freedom under the guidance of God. Freedom means the supremacy of human rights everywhere. Our support goes to those who struggle to gain those rights or keep them. Our strength is our unity of purpose. To that high concept there can be no end save victory. Lincoln: To be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us - that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion - that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain - that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom - and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. In the excerpt, Lincoln refers to "this nation" to express the importance of fighting as one for the principle of freedom and democracy. Which sentence from Roosevelt's speech also expresses this idea? Freedom means the supremacy of human rights everywhere. Our support goes to those who struggle to gain those rights or keep them. Our strength is our unity of purpose. To that high concept there can be no end save victory.

3

Read the excerpts from Roosevelt's "Four Freedoms" speech and Lincoln's "Gettysburg Address." Roosevelt: This nation has placed its destiny in the hands and heads and hearts of its millions of free men and women; and its faith in freedom under the guidance of God. Freedom means the supremacy of human rights everywhere. Our support goes to those who struggle to gain those rights or keep them. Our strength is our unity of purpose. To that high concept there can be no end save victory. Lincoln: To be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us - that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion - that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain - that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom - and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. In these excerpts, Roosevelt states "this nation has placed its destiny" and Lincoln states "shall not perish from earth." With these phrases, both presidents are stressing the importance of achieving victory no matter what the cost. ending the war as quickly as possible. preserving freedom far into the future. making tough sacrifices for one's nation.

3

Read the headline. Governor Raids Funding for After-School Programs for Preschoolers Which statement best evaluates the objectivity of the headline? The headline is objective because there is no indication of bias for or against the governor. The headline is objective because the words are unemotional and have a neutral connotation. The headline is not objective because the word raids adds emotion to the language. The headline is not objective because the word preschoolers adds emotion to the language.

3

Read the meanings of the word bolt, then read the sentence. Definition 1. n., a screw for fasteningDefinition 2. n., a strike of lightningDefinition 3. n., a bar that slides to lock somethingDefinition 4. n., a roll of fabric or wallpaper Please make sure you latch the bolt on the window when you close it tonight. What is the meaning of bolt as it is used in this sentence? Definition 1 Definition 2 Definition 3 Definition 4

3

Read the passage from a speech by President Barack Obama. Mr. Secretary General; Your Excellencies, we are here because, right now, in crowded camps and cities around the world, there are families . . . who've endured years . . . as refugees, surviving on rations and aid, and who dream of someday, somehow, having a home of their own. We're here because, right now, there are young girls . . . who've suffered unspeakable abuse . . . who pray at night that someone might rescue them from their torment. . . . We are here because, right now, there are mothers separated from their children—like the woman in a camp in Greece, who held on to her family photographs . . . and who said "my breath is my children . . . every day I am dying 10, 20, 30 times." Which rhetorical device does Obama use in this passage? understatement tricolon anaphora allusion

3

Read the sentence from "For the ERA." Survivorship benefits would be available to husbands of female workers on the same basis as to wives of male workers. Read Jordan's paraphrase. A major advantage of the ERA is that survivorship benefits would be available to the spouses of all workers, regardless of sex. Which best describes the paraphrasing mistake Jordan made? included off-topic information left out an important detail included a personal opinion matched the speaker's words too closely

3

Read the sentence. Hakeem will assemble his new computer desk last weekend. Which underlined verb or verb phrase corrects the error in the sentence? assembles has assembled assembled is assembling

3

Read the two excerpts. "Remembering to Never Forget: Dominican Republic's 'Parsley Massacre'" by Mark Memmott: Seventy-five years ago, thousands of Haitians were murdered in the Dominican Republic by a brutal dictator. It was one of the 20th Century's least-remembered acts of genocide. As many as 20,000 people are thought to have been killed on orders given by Rafael Trujillo. But the "parsley massacre" went mostly unnoticed outside Hispaniola. Even there, many Dominicans never knew about what happened in early October 1937. They were kept in the dark by Trujillo's henchmen. "A Genetics of Justice" by Julia Alvarez: At this point I would always ask her why she and my father had returned to live in the country if they knew the dictatorship was so bad. And that's when my mother would tell me how, under pressure from his friends up north, Trujillo pretended to be liberalizing his regime. How he invited all exiles back to form political parties. How he announced that he would not be running in the next elections. My father had returned only to discover that the liberalization was a hoax staged so that the regime could keep the goodwill and dollars of the United States. My father and mother were once again trapped in a police state. How do the passages work together to develop a central idea? The passages show how Alvarez's family was affected by the parsley massacres when they returned. The passages show how Alvarez and her family were tricked into returning to the Dominican Republic. The passages show how people often did not know or understand the extent of Trujillo's deceit. The passages show how the events of Trujillo's dictatorship are still not fully understood today.

3

Read this example of incorrect sentence structure. Gino is starring in the school play, it opens next week. Which revision best corrects the sentence? Gino is starring in the school play it opens next week. Gino is starring in the school play, or it opens next week. Gino is starring in the school play, which opens next week. Gino is starring in the school play after it opens next week.

3

Read this prompt. Create a multimedia presentation claiming that teaching children more than one language is beneficial to their brain development. Use research and evidence to support your opinion. Use persuasive techniques and a variety of visual aids in your presentation. Which statement provides the best support for this claim? Many middle schools and high schools offer multiple foreign-language classes. Learning a second language is extremely challenging for most people. Speaking multiple languages improves comprehension and problem-solving skills. Careers in language interpretation are in demand around the world.

3

The fact that "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God" was popular suggests that the colonists feared Edwards and his potential impact on society. disagreed with Edwards's views about God. were interested in Edwards's ideas about religion. believed that Edwards had strong writing skills.

3

What is an example of an effective rhetorical question in a presentation about the importance of investing in clean water? How many countries around the world have access to clean drinking water? What are some ways to attempt to provide clean water in more locations? What would happen to long-term health if everyone had access to clean water? What are the costs and benefits typically associated with water-treatment plants?

3

Where should the writer include a counterclaim in an argumentative essay? as part of the evidence for the claim immediately following the initial claim after the supporting evidence for the claim as part of the conclusion for the argument

3

Which line from "What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?" supports Douglass's claim that the Fourth of July is not a cause worthy of celebration by all? Fellow Citizens, I am not wanting in respect for the fathers of this republic. The signers of the Declaration of Independence were brave men. They were great men, too great enough to give frame to a great age. Would to God, both for your sakes and ours, that an affirmative answer could be truthfully returned to these questions! Then would my task be light, and my burden easy and delightful. Fellow-citizens, above your national, tumultuous joy, I hear the mournful wail of millions! whose chains, heavy and grievous yesterday, are, to-day, rendered more intolerable by the jubilee shouts that reach them. But, I submit, where all is plain there is nothing to be argued. What point in the anti-slavery creed would you have me argue? On what branch of the subject do the people of this country need light?

3

Which line from President Reagan's Address at Moscow State University shows that one purpose of the speech was to build connections between the Soviet Union and the US? I led my union out on strike, and I'm proud to say we won. We Americans make no secret of our belief in freedom. Our ties to you are more than ones of good feeling; they're ties of kinship. Democracy is the standard by which governments are measured.

3

Which public-speaking behavior would be most distracting for an audience? using formal language repeating phrases for effect anxiously pacing back and forth making gestures to reinforce the message

3

Which quotation from "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God" indicates that people have a fragile hold on life? Yea, God is a great deal more angry with great numbers that are now on earth; yea, doubtless with many that are now in this congregation . . . than he is with many of those that are now in the flames of hell. [T]he pit is prepared, the fire is made ready, the furnace is now hot, ready to receive them, the flames do now rage and glow. Unconverted men walk over the pit of hell on a rotten covering, and there are innumerable places in this covering so weak that they won't bear their weight, and these places are not seen. God is dreadfully provoked, his anger is as great towards them as to those that are actually suffering the executions of the fierceness of his wrath in hell.

3

Which quotation from "We Are Determined Not to Sell Our Lands" provides the clearest reason Sagoyewatha says they are determined not to sell their lands? "Brother, your application for the purchase of our lands is to our minds very extraordinary." ​"They bought them, piece after piece, for a little money paid to a few men in our nation, and not to all our brethren . . ."​ "They are fruitful and produce us corn in abundance for the support of our women and children and grass and herbs for our cattle." "Brother, at a late council we requested our agents to tell you that we would not sell our lands . . ."

3

Which quotation from Roosevelt's request for a declaration of war is an example of a hasty generalization? "I regret to tell you that very many American lives have been lost." "I interpret the will of the Congress." "We will gain the inevitable triumph." "A state of war has existed between the United States and the Japanese Empire."

3

Which sentence from Roosevelt's request for a declaration of war is an example of a bandwagon appeal? "Japan has, therefore, undertaken a surprise offensive extending throughout the Pacific area." "It will be recorded that the distance of Hawaii from Japan makes it obvious that the attack was deliberately planned many days or even weeks ago." "The people of the United States have already formed their opinions and well understand the implications to the very life and safety of our Nation." "As Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy I have directed that all measures be taken for our defense."

3

Which two moods are used for situations that are contrary to fact or for the conditions under which a situation might occur? subjunctive and interrogative conditional and imperative subjunctive and conditional interrogative and indicative

3

Which verb moods would be best to combine in an essay on what life would be like if all wars were ended? the imperative and subjunctive moods the indicative and subjunctive moods the conditional and subjunctive moods the interrogative and subjunctive moods

3

With which statement would the speaker of "Money to Us Is of No Value" most likely agree? The US government should buy land for people. Money will become important to future generations. Peace can be obtained if an agreement over land can be made. It is necessary to share government land with other tribes.

3

Read the passage from a speech by President Barack Obama. Good afternoon. Mr. Secretary General; Your Excellencies, we are here because, right now, in crowded camps and cities around the world, there are families—from Darfur in Chad, Palestinians in Lebanon, Afghans in Pakistan, Colombians in Ecuador—who've endured years—in some cases, decades—as refugees, surviving on rations and aid, and who dream of someday, somehow, having a home of their own. We're here because, right now, there are young girls . . . like my daughters . . . who are just as precious and just as gifted—like the 16-year-old refugee from Myanmar that I met in Malaysia—who've suffered unspeakable abuse . . . girls who pray at night that someone might rescue them from their torment. What evidence does President Obama use to support the claim that the child-refugee problem needs to be addressed and fixed? Select two options. Obama uses empirical evidence, since he names the specific countries where refugees live. Obama uses empirical evidence, since he uses a verifiable source in the refugee from Myanmar. Obama uses anecdotal evidence, when he compares the young refugees to his own gifted daughters. Obama uses logical evidence, since it is common sense that most young girls are gifted. Obama uses anecdotal evidence, when he shares stories about his visits to war-torn countries. Obama uses anecdotal evidence, when he shares a personal experience he has had with a refugee.

3, 5

Where should you include supporting evidence in an outline for an argumentative essay? Select two options. in the introduction directly after the claim directly after the reasons as support for the rebuttal in the conclusion

3,4

Which statements are examples of debatable claims about immigration? Select two options. Many countries have differing approaches to immigration. The Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) is an immigration policy that was established in 2012. The number of immigrants allowed to stay in the country is affecting job availability for others. Immigrants are responsible for many of the advances in technology and other areas of industry. Permanent legal residents and foreign nationals are two examples of legal US immigrants.

3,4

Read the sentence. The English novelist Virginia Woolf, who pioneered the use of stream of consciousness in fiction, was a prolific writer, and the influence of her fiction and nonfiction on her contemporaries was both powerful and pervasive. Which statements best describe this sentence? Select three options. It is a complex sentence. It contains a restrictive clause. It is a compound-complex sentence. It contains a nonrestrictive clause. It links three clauses to add variety to a text.

3,4,5

Read the excerpt from Franklin Roosevelt's request for a declaration of war. No matter how long it may take us to overcome this premeditated invasion, the American people in their righteous might will win through to absolute victory. I believe that I interpret the will of the Congress and of the people when I assert that we will not only defend ourselves to the uttermost but will make it very certain that this form of treachery shall never again endanger us. Hostilities exist. There is no blinking at the fact that our people, our territory, and our interests are in grave danger. Which phrases from the excerpt include loaded words intended to evoke a sense of fear? Select two options. "No matter how long" "defend ourselves" "premeditated invasion" "righteous might" "grave danger"

3,5

One purpose of President Reagan's Address at Moscow State University was to inform listeners about well-known Russian writers. inform listeners about the importance of American history. persuade listeners to vote President Reagan into office. persuade listeners to embrace democratic freedoms.

4

Paco's teacher has asked him to add a transition in the introduction to his argumentative essay in favor of abolishing tuition at public colleges. (1) Today, even many blue-collar, retail, and clerical jobs require applicants to have a college degree. (2) _____, going to college—even a public college—is becoming more and more expensive. (3) What's a student with little money to do? (4) The only way to make higher education accessible to students with low incomes is to abolish tuition at public colleges. Which expression should be added to sentence 2 to best clarify the relationships among Paco's ideas? Additionally Although Similarly However

4

Read the claim. Human bodies have developed over time to support a vegetarian diet. Read the counterclaim. Humans have eaten meat along with plants for more than two million years, contributing to our successful evolution. Read the rebuttal. Evolution is the process of development over history, meaning that change in diet is constant. Which statement best analyzes the rebuttal? It is effective because it creates emphasis by adding reasoning to the claim. It is effective because it provides both empirical and logical supporting evidence. It is ineffective because it does not address or acknowledge the counterclaim. It is ineffective because it does not logically point out a flaw in the counterclaim.

4

Read the excerpt from "We Are Determined Not to Sell Our Lands."Brother, at the treaties held for the purchase of our lands, the white men, with sweet voices and smiling faces, told us they loved us, and that they would not cheat us, but that the king's children on the other side of the lake would cheat us. When we go on the other side of the lake, the king's children tell us your people will cheat us. These things puzzle our heads, and we believe that the Indians must take care of themselves, and not trust either in your people or in the king's children. Which best describes the strategy Sagoyewatha uses in this excerpt to develop the central idea of his speech? He illustrates how the United States and European governments acted like children who cheat at games. He describes the treaties given to the tribes by the US government. He describes similarities and differences between kings and children. He provides evidence as to why he cannot trust either the United States or European governments.

4

Read the excerpt from "We Are Determined Not to Sell Our Lands."Brother, at the treaties held for the purchase of our lands, the white men, with sweet voices and smiling faces, told us they loved us, and that they would not cheat us, but that the king's children on the other side of the lake would cheat us. When we go on the other side of the lake, the king's children tell us your people will cheat us. These things puzzle our heads, and we believe that the Indians must take care of themselves, and not trust either in your people or in the king's children. Which quotation best reflects the central idea of this excerpt? ". . . the white men, with sweet voices and smiling faces, told us they loved us . . ." ". . . the king's children tell us your people will cheat us." "These things puzzle our heads . . ." ". . . we believe that the Indians must take care of themselves . . ."

4

Read the excerpt from "What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?"Must I argue the wrongfulness of slavery? Is that a question for Republicans? Is it to be settled by the rules of logic and argumentation, as a matter beset with great difficulty, involving a doubtful application of the principle of justice, hard to be understood?What do the rhetorical questions in the excerpt suggest? Douglass does not want to discuss slavery further. Slavery is a highly divisive and complicated issue. Douglass is uncertain about slavery's wrongfulness. The wrongfulness of slavery should be obvious.

4

Read the excerpt from "What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?"The feeling of the nation must be quickened; the conscience of the nation must be roused; the propriety of the nation must be startled; the hypocrisy of the nation must be exposed; and its crimes against God and man must be proclaimed and denounced.How does the repetition of the word "must" affect the tone of the piece? The repetition shows that the speaker is concerned about something. The repetition draws attention to the speaker's anger. The repetition suggests that the speaker is intimidating and demanding. The repetition intensifies the speaker's sense of urgency.

4

Read the excerpt from "What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?"When the dogs in your streets, when the fowls of the air, when the cattle on your hills, when the fish of the sea, and the reptiles that crawl, shall be unable to distinguish the slave from a brute, then will I argue with you that the slave is a man!What effect does the repetition of the word "when" have? The repetition gives the excerpt a philosophical quality. The repetition distracts readers from Douglass's original point. The repetition clarifies the time in which the speech was delivered. The repetition reinforces Douglass's incredulity at the opposition's attitudes.

4

Read the excerpt from Roosevelt's "Four Freedoms" speech. No person should try, or be allowed, to get rich out of this program; and the principle of tax payments in accordance with ability to pay should be constantly before our eyes to guide our legislation. Roosevelt uses the phrase "our eyes to guide legislation" to assure listeners that he is a fair leader who can be trusted to manage the extra taxes collected. This is an example of an appeal to values. reason. feelings. character.

4

Read the excerpt from Roosevelt's "Four Freedoms." The fourth is freedom from fear—which, translated into world terms, means a world-wide reduction of armaments to such a point and in such a thorough fashion that no nation will be in a position to commit an act of physical aggression against any neighbor—anywhere in the world. That is no vision of a distant millennium. It is a definite basis for a kind of world attainable in our own time and generation. That kind of world is the very antithesis of the so-called new order of tyranny which the dictators seek to create with the crash of a bomb. Roosevelt includes the second paragraph to serve as a rebuttal for which counterclaim? Fighting one war to escape a future war is not logical. Joining the war will not keep America safe from attack. Americans will be attacked if they do not join in the war. A world free from fear is not possible in the near future.

4

Read the excerpt from The Code Book. A more recent development is the so-called tempest attack, which aims to detect the electromagnetic signals emitted by the electronics in a computer's display unit. Which two words share a prefix? recent; development detect; display development; computers electromagnetic; electronics

4

Read the excerpt from The Crisis, Number I."Not a man lives on the continent but fully believes that a separation must some time or other finally take place, and a generous parent should have said, 'If there must be trouble, let it be in my day, that my child may have peace.'"Which phrase in the excerpt is an emotional appeal to the reader? "Not a man lives" "believes that a separation" "let it be in my day" "that my child may have peace"

4

Read the excerpt from The Crisis, Number I."Not all the treasures of the world, so far as I believe, could have induced me to support an offensive war, for I think it murder; but if a thief breaks into my house, burns and destroys my property, and kills or threatens to kill me or those that are in it and to 'bind me in all cases whatsoever' to his absolute will, am I to suffer it?"In this excerpt, Paine is attempting to convince readers that they must support the war to protect their financial interests. could potentially benefit from the spoils of the war. will blame themselves for not supporting the war. have righteous reasons to justify supporting the war.

4

Read the excerpt from We Shall Not Be Moved.As one worker remembered it, "Well, so we stayed whispering, and no one knowing what the other would do, not making up our minds, for two hours. Then I started to get up. And at just the same minute all — we all got up together, in one second. No one after the other; no one before. And when I saw it — that time — oh, it excites me so yet, I can hardly talk about it. So we all stood up, and all walked out together. And already out on the sidewalk in front the policemen stood with the clubs. One of them said, 'If you don't behave, you'll get this on your head.' And he shook his club at me.["] Which best states the author's purpose for including this quote in the text? to persuade the reader that strike was not a good idea for the workers to give the reader the facts about when and where the strike took place to tell the reader what the police felt and saw when the strike began to help the reader feel the excitement and unity of the striking workers

4

Read the excerpt from We Shall Not Be Moved.Nobody had, since this was the first "general strike" in the garment trades, also the largest strike of women workers ever known in the United States until that moment. Which best states the author's purpose for including this information in the text? to connect a historical event to the present to bring a person involved in a historical event to life to challenge the reader's ideas about a historical event to tell the reader about an important historical event

4

Read the line from President Reagan's Address at Moscow State University. Go into any schoolroom, and there you will see children being taught . . . certain unalienable rights—among them life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. What is the purpose of this line? to entertain readers with a story about children to inform readers about American schools to instruct readers in educational techniques to persuade listeners of the importance of freedom

4

Read the meanings of the word fold, then read the sentence. Definition 1. n., a crease in fabric or a piece of paperDefinition 2. v., to bendDefinition 3. n., a group of people with common beliefsDefinition 4. v., to incorporate one food ingredient into another When making cake batter, it is important to fold the flour into the butter before adding the rest of the ingredients. What is the meaning of fold as it is used in this sentence? Definition 1 Definition 2 Definition 3 Definition 4

4

Read the passage from an argumentative essay. (1) It's no wonder students' grades drop when they enter high school. (2) They are suffering various effects of sleep deprivation. (3) They cannot focus, they fall asleep in class, and they often forget what they have read or heard. (4) They may even hallucinate. How should sentence 3 be revised to clarify relationships among ideas? by connecting it to sentence 2 with "so" by connecting it to sentence 4 with "and" by adding "In addition" to the beginning of the sentence by adding "Specifically" to the beginning of the sentence

4

Read the sentence. Colin has volunteered at the animal shelter at least three times. Which verb tense is underlined? past past perfect present present perfect

4

Read the steps in identifying a claim. 1. Read the argument.2. Identify the topic of the argument.3. Determine what the author believes about the topic. Which step should come next? Read about the author's background. Find opposing arguments for the sake of comparison. Think about what you already know about the topic. Locate a statement that explains the author's opinion.

4

Read the two passages from arguments on water conservation. Passage 1: After stricter water-usage restrictions were passed, residents started using less water per month. This shows how legislation can influence citizens' actions and why more restrictions are needed to further decrease water waste. Government action is the best way to effect lasting environmental change. Passage 2: Citizens showed their dedication to water conservation by responding positively to new water restrictions and lowering their water usage. This indicates that no new restrictions need to be put in place. Our residents are concerned about water conservation and will work hard to keep water waste to a minimum. How do these authors use the same evidence about water usage to support their arguments? The authors expand on the evidence to different degrees. The authors disagree about the validity of the evidence. The authors use the evidence to attack and discredit their opponent. The authors agree on the problem but offer different solutions.

4

Read the two passages. Passage 1 Raising the minimum wage for workers will provide a significant boost to the economy. For example, changing the minimum wage to $10.10 per hour would add $22 billion to the economy by increasing people's purchasing power. Household spending would increase by $48 billion in one year with a similar minimum wage increase. Increased earnings lead to increased spending and a greater demand for products and services. This phenomenon then leads to the need for more workers and, thereby, job growth. Passage 2 The current federal minimum wage for workers is $7.25. If the government increased that by $1.75, studies show that household spending would also increase—by $48 billion annually. An economic move like this makes too much sense to ignore. A rise in household spending would mean an expansion in the profits of many businesses, including small businesses. As a small-business owner, I would certainly welcome the extra income. The last time the minimum wage was increased, my profit margin increased substantially. My fellow small-business owners experienced a similar profit growth that year. Which passage provides more effective evidence, and why? Passage 1 is more effective because the evidence is logical and does not include fallacies. Passage 1 is more effective because the evidence is logical and cannot be opposed. Passage 2 is more effective because the evidence is emotional and includes two perspectives. Passage 2 is more effective because the evidence is logical and is supported by anecdotes.

4

Read the two passages. Passage 1 The need for standardized testing in education is a sensitive topic to some. Many fear that the use of these tests with students of all ages would lead to a decline in both academic growth and innovation; however, if standardized testing continues to be a reliable and objective source of measuring student achievement, we must conclude that the means justify the end. We can simply state the results of a 100-year analysis of testing research for proof: 93 percent of studies on student testing found a favorable outcome for student achievement. Passage 2 When the Brookings Institution, a 100-year-old organization made up of experts in education and government, reports that up to 80 percent of standardized test score improvements were temporary and did not lead to improvements in learning, we must realize that student testing is not working. I have visited several schools during testing time, so I can personally vouch for the negative effect that standardized tests have on students' emotions. Standardized testing is unnecessary and must end. How does the evidence in the first passage differ from the evidence in the second? Passage 1 uses anecdotal evidence, while passage 2 uses empirical evidence. Passage 1 uses empirical evidence, while passage 2 uses logical evidence. Passage 1 uses anecdotal evidence, while passage 2 uses logical evidence. Passage 1 uses logical evidence, while passage 2 uses logical and anecdotal evidence.

4

Read this example of incorrect sentence structure. Heavy, black clouds rushing in from the horizon. Which revision corrects the sentence? Heavy, black clouds rushing in from the horizon, get under cover. Heavy, black clouds rushing in from the horizon. It's about to rain. Heavy, black clouds rushing in from the horizon when it's about to rain. Heavy, black clouds rushing in from the horizon mean a storm is coming.

4

Read this prompt. Create a multimedia presentation for the claim that it is important to invest in early childhood education. Use research and evidence to support your opinion. Use persuasive techniques and a variety of visual aids in your presentation. Which statement provides the best support for this claim? Researchers are still looking into the economic and academic gains of early childhood education. Early childhood education also benefits working parents who do not have to pay for childcare. Only schools with abundant financial resources are able to support early-education services. Students who had early childhood education perform better academically than students who did not.

4

To show situations in which something might happen, use the subjunctive mood. interrogative mood. indicative mood. conditional mood.

4

What is an effective claim in an argumentative essay? a true statement that can be proven using facts and cannot be countered a direct statement that gives an opinion and includes at least two types of evidence a brief statement that summarizes the major reasons and evidence in an argument a clear statement that can be argued in favor of or against using reasoning

4

Which element would be most appropriate for a multimedia presentation on the causes of animal extinction? a feature-length documentary on an animal that recently became extinct a full podcast on animals that have gone extinct in the past one hundred years the name of a video about animal extinction that the audience can find online a short video clip about a few animals that were recently declared extinct

4

Which excerpt is a counterclaim in "What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?" What is this but the acknowledgment that the slave is a moral, intellectual, and responsible being? The manhood of the slave is conceded. There are seventy-two crimes in the State of Virginia which, if committed by a black man (no matter how ignorant he be), subject him to the punishment of death; while only two of the same crimes will subject a white man to the like punishment. It is admitted in the fact that Southern statute books are covered with enactments forbidding, under severe fines and penalties, the teaching of the slave to read or to write. What, then, remains to be argued? Is it that slavery is not divine; that God did not establish it; that our doctors of divinity are mistaken?

4

Read the excerpt from "We Are Determined Not to Sell Our Lands."Brother, your application for the purchase of our lands is to our minds very extraordinary. It has been made in a crooked manner. You have not walked in the straight path pointed out by the great Council of your nation. You have no writings from your great Father, the President. In making up our minds we have looked back and remembered how the Yorkers purchased our lands in former times. They bought them, piece after piece, for a little money paid to a few men in our nation, and not to all our brethren, until our planting and hunting-grounds have become very small—and if we sell them, we know not where to spread our blankets. Which is the central idea of this excerpt? Tribes have too little land left to live on. White settlers have not dealt honorably with Indigenous tribes. The US government did not keep accurate records of land sales. Money for the land sold went to only some of the tribes.

NOT 1

Read the excerpt from Common Sense."In the following pages I offer nothing more than simple facts, plain arguments, and common sense."What is the purpose of the words "simple," plain," and "common"? to persuade readers of his point of view to encourage only serious readers to continue to demonstrate his impressive intellect to appeal to as large an audience as possible

NOT 1

Read the sentence from "For the ERA." Different ages of majority based on sex would have to be harmonized. Which best paraphrases the sentence? We would have to harmonize laws that define the age of majority differently according to sex. The age of majority would be the same whether it is in harmony with current laws or not. The age of majority would be the same for everyone, regardless of sex. Laws that are not adapted to the ERA would need to be changed.

NOT 1

Read the excerpt from "For the ERA." The 1964 Civil Rights Act and the 1963 Equal Pay Act are not enough; they are limited in their coverage—for instance, one excludes teachers, and the other leaves out administrative and professional women. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission has not proven to be an adequate device, with its power limited to investigation, conciliation, and recommendation to the Justice Department. In its cases involving sexual discrimination, it has failed in more than one-half. The Justice Department has been even less effective. It has intervened in only one case involving discrimination on the basis of sex, and this was on a procedural point. Which best summarizes the excerpt? It is unfortunate that the Civil Rights Act and the Equal Pay Act do not protect all women, nor will the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission or the Justice Department. Many federal agencies have failed to protect women, including the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, which does not have adequate powers to enforce the Civil Rights and Equal Pay Acts. Federal agencies like the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and the Justice Department, along with the Civil Rights and Equal Pay Acts, only partially protect women from discrimination. Existing laws and federal organizations fail women who do some of the most important but underpaid jobs in the country.

NOT 2

Read the excerpt from The Souls of Black Folk by W. E. B. Du Bois. The black men of America have a duty to perform, a duty stern and delicate,—a forward movement to oppose a part of the work of their greatest leader. So far as Mr. Washington preaches Thrift, Patience, and Industrial Training for the masses, we must hold up his hands and strive with him, rejoicing in his honors and glorying in the strength of this Joshua called of God and of man to lead the headless host. But so far as Mr. Washington apologizes for injustice, North or South, does not rightly value the privilege and duty of voting, belittles the emasculating effects of caste distinctions, and opposes the higher training and ambition of our brighter minds,—so far as he, the South, or the Nation, does this,—we must unceasingly and firmly oppose them. Which statement best explains why this argument is valid? Du Bois shows how Washington is a great inspirational leader. Du Bois explains that Washington's points need to be opposed. It supports the claim that Black men have a duty to support Washington. It describes why not all of Washington's arguments are worthy of support.

NOT 2

Read the excerpt from The Souls of Black Folk by W. E. B. Du Bois. Here, he references the US Constitution. By every civilized and peaceful method we must strive for the rights which the world accords to men, clinging unwaveringly to those great words which the sons of the Fathers would fain forget: "We hold these truths to be self-evident: That all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness." What is the author's main claim? His audience should work for the rights provided to them by the Constitution. His audience should fight to broaden the rights provided by the Constitution. His audience should never forget the ideas that the Founding Fathers stood for. His audience should make sure they pass on the ideas of the Founding Fathers.

NOT 2

Read this excerpt from an argument supporting the claim that the government should limit the amount of sugar in sugary drinks. (1) Consuming too much sugar can lead to dangerous medical conditions. (2) For example, people may develop obesity, tooth decay, or adult-onset diabetes. Which statement most accurately describes the relationship between the ideas in the two sentences? Sentence 1 states a counterclaim to the argument, and sentence 2 refutes it. Sentence 1 is a claim, and sentence 2 lists supporting reasons for the claim. Sentence 1 provides evidence for sentence 2 to draw a conclusion. Sentence 1 supports the claim, and sentence 2 provides supporting evidence.

NOT 2

Read the sentence. On days when I go jogging in the morning, my mind seems to process ideas faster, and my mood is more positive. How does the underlined clause add variety and meaning to the sentence? Select two options. It specifies the days of the week being discussed. It makes readers want to go jogging. It creates a compound-complex sentence. It adds detail about the speaker's personality. It explains why jogging is beneficial.

NOT 2,4

Read the excerpt from "Prometheus Unbound" by Percy Bysshe Shelley. SCENE.—A Ravine of Icy Rocks in the Indian Caucasus. Prometheus is discovered bound to the Precipice.*. . . Time, night. During the Scene, morning slowly breaks. Prometheus. Monarch of Gods and Dæmons, and all SpiritsBut One, who throng those bright and rolling worldsWhich Thou and I alone of living thingsBehold with sleepless eyes! regard this EarthMade multitudinous with thy slaves, whom thouRequitest for knee-worship, prayer, and praise,And toil, and hecatombs of broken hearts,With fear and self-contempt and barren hope.** *very steep rock face or cliff**Jupiter has chained Prometheus to the face of a steep cliff to be tortured for all eternity as punishment for giving humans fire. In this excerpt, Prometheus criticizes Jupiter's treatment of humans. (Note: Jupiter and Zeus are the same god; the only difference is the name. Jupiter is the supreme god in Roman mythology, and Zeus is the supreme god in Greek mythology.) Read the excerpt from Prometheus by Josephine Preston Peabody. Last of all, Prometheus went up secretly to heaven after the treasure of the immortals. He lighted a reed at the flame of the sun, and brought down the holy fire which is dearest to the gods. For with the aid of fire all things are possible, all arts are perfected. This was his greatest gift to man, but it was a theft from the immortal gods, and Zeus would endure no more. He could not take back the secret of fire; but he had Prometheus chained to a lofty crag* in the Caucasus, where every day a vulture came to prey upon his body, and at night the wound would heal, so that it was ever to suffer again. It was a bitter penalty for so noble-hearted a rebel, and as time went by, and Zeus remembered his bygone services, he would have made peace once more. He only waited till Prometheus should bow his stubborn spirit, but this the son of Titans would not do. Haughty as rock beneath his daily torment, believing that he suffered for the good of mankind, he endured for years. *steep cliff or rock face Which element does Peabody change most in her adaptation? the main character the genre the primary setting the plot

NOT 3

Read the excerpt from Up from Slavery by Booker T. Washington. One-third of the population of the South is of the Negro race. No enterprise seeking the material, civil, or moral welfare of this section can disregard this element of our population and reach the highest success. I but convey to you, Mr. President and Directors, the sentiment of the masses of my race when I say that in no way have the value and manhood of the American Negro been more fittingly and generously recognized than by the managers of this magnificent Exposition at every stage of its progress. It is a recognition that will do more to cement the friendship of the two races than any occurrence since the dawn of our freedom. What evidence does the author use to support the claim that no one can disregard Black citizens and be successful? Black citizens make up a significant portion of the population. Ensuring material and moral security for Black citizens will lead to success. Recognizing the worth and power of Black citizens will bring people together. The successful convention directors recognize the value of Black citizens.

NOT 3

Read the excerpt from Up from Slavery by Booker T. Washington. Our greatest danger is that in the great leap from slavery to freedom we may overlook the fact that the masses of us are to live by the productions of our hands, and fail to keep in mind that we shall prosper in proportion as we learn to dignify and glorify common labour and put brains and skill into the common occupations of life; shall prosper in proportion as we learn to draw the line between the superficial and the substantial, the ornamental gewgaws of life and the useful. No race can prosper till it learns that there is as much dignity in tilling a field as in writing a poem. It is at the bottom of life we must begin, and not at the top. Nor should we permit our grievances to overshadow our opportunities. Read the excerpt from The Souls of Black Folk by W. E. B. Du Bois. And Mr. Washington thus faces the triple paradox of his career: 1. He is striving nobly to make Negro artisans business men and property-owners; but it is utterly impossible, under modern competitive methods, for workingmen and property-owners to defend their rights and exist without the right of suffrage. 2. He insists on thrift and self-respect, but at the same time counsels a silent submission to civic inferiority such as is bound to sap the manhood of any race in the long run. 3. He advocates common-school and industrial training, and depreciates institutions of higher learning; but neither the Negro common-schools, nor Tuskegee itself, could remain open a day were it not for teachers trained in Negro colleges, or trained by their graduates. Which statement best compares the claims of the two arguments? Washington thinks that agricultural work should be championed as a way to advance, while Du Bois looks down on industrial labor. Washington promotes manual labor as a path to success, while Du Bois argues that higher education supports other types of success. Washington declares that most people can be successful at farming their own property, while Du Bois says that owning property is impossible. Washington says that time spent arguing about inequalities undermines opportunities, while Du Bois advocates for civic activism.

NOT 3

Read the two passages from A Raisin in the Sun. Passage 1: RUTH: Why don't you answer the door, man? WALTER (suddenly bounding across the floor to embrace her): 'Cause sometimes it hard to let the future begin! (Stooping down in her face.) I got wings! You got wings! All God's children got wings! He crosses to the door and throws it open. Standing there is a very slight little man in a not-too-prosperous business suit and with haunted frightened eyes and a hat pulled down tightly, brim up, around his forehead. . . . WALTER leans deep in the man's face, still in his jubilance. When I get to heaven gonna put on my wings, Gonna fly all over God's heaven . . . Passage 2: WALTER (turning madly, as though he is looking for WILLY in the very room): Willy! . . . Willy . . . don't do it . . . Please don't do it . . . Man, not with that money . . . Man, please, not with that money . . . Oh, God . . . Don't let it be true . . . (He is wandering around, crying out for WILLY and looking for him or perhaps for help from God.) Man . . . I trusted you . . . Man, I put my life in your hands . . . (He starts to crumple down on the floor as RUTH just covers her face in horror. MAMA opens the door and comes into the room, with BENEATHA behind her.) Man . . . (He starts to pound the floor with his fists, sobbing wildly.) THAT MONEY IS MADE OUT OF MY FATHER'S FLESH— Which statement best compares the two passages? The first passage hints that Walter faces his fear, and the second passage indicates that he avoids it. The first passage hints that Ruth cannot understand Walter, and the second passage confirms it. Both passages show that Walter has an optimistic outlook on life. Both passages show how extreme Walter's emotions can be.

NOT 3

Read the sentence. When I go rock climbing, I prefer climbing in landscapes that present a challenge. What type of sentence is this? a simple sentence a complex sentence a compound sentence a compound-complex sentence

NOT 4