English grammar mastery test UA

for nouns that show individual possession for similar items what do you do

Maria Shaw's and Aster Aren's albums. (if they don't own the same thing, both have apostrophes)

A verb should agree in ______________with its subject

Number. Singular subjects take singular verbs (he illustrates books). Plural subjects take Plural verbs (they illustrate books)

What are correlative conjunctions

Pairs of conjunctions such as neither, nor or either, or that join words that are used in the same way (Either Fred or Miranda feed him-- either and or join two nouns)

***pronouns should agree in gender, number, and person with its )_______________

antecedent (ie mike took his dog out. the raccoons ate their food in peace)

which appositives do you use commas for

appositives that are non essential to the meaning of the sentence

a world atlas and an almanac (is, are) good sources of geographical information

are

how do you determine the gender and number of the relative pronoun that, which, or who

by the gender and number of the word to which it refers. (WENDY, WHO did HER hours, is nice. these BOOKS, WHICH have my name on THEM are over there.)

capitalize the first word of a sentence following a __________

colon we came to a decision:She will be kicked out

what are some interrupters that are set off by commas

direct addresses (Luke, go to bed) nonrestrictive appositives (Mark, the best man, is over there) parenthetical expressions- side remark (the train will, I am sure, be on time.)

when a possessive pronoun is part of a word group showing joint possession, what do you

each noun in the word group is also possessive (Shana's and Mark's and my report)

****use a _____________ pronoun to refer to two or more antecedents joined by AND. OR to refer to any of the following as indefinite pronouns: both, few, many, or several.

plural (Hank and Tom present their report) (the judge met with BOTH the attorneys an THEIR clients)

capitalize the first word of a _______________ sentence

quoted- wheter or not it starts at the beginning of a sentence or not her book says "She is cool."

even when in plural form, titles of works of art (books, movies, ect.), country names, cities, organizations, take _______________ verbs

singular (ie the Boy Scouts WAS founded in 1908)

*****use a _______________ pronoun to refer to any of the following antecedants: anybody, anyone, anything, each, either, everybody, everyone, everything, neither, nobody, no one, nothing, one, somebody, someone, or something. OR to refer to two or more antecedants joined by or OR nor.

singular- DO NOT USE THEY/WE/US/THEM/THEIR (ie- each of the teachers has his or her papers- not each of the) teachers had their papers) (

among vs between

use between when referring to only two items being discussed in relation (the choice was between Anna and Nick) use among when you're referring to more than 2 items (he decided among thousands of contestants)

****what is parallel structure

using the same grammatical form for similar ideas. (Amanda's favorite form of exercise are SWIMMING and RUNNING) (scribes were needed to send messages, to run, and to convey news) (in sports, cheer is as important as skill- pair nouns- skill and cheer) often need to repeat a noun, pronoun, or article before each parallel term

what is the difference between who and whom

who has three cases-nominative, objective, and possessive. nominative is who. objective is whom. possessive Is whose. Whom is objective and is therefore only used as a DO, OP or IO, who who is the subject

who's vs whose

who's is a contraction- who is and whose is a possessive pronoun- whose car is this

(who's, whose) notebook is this

whose (don't use an apostrophe with the possessive pronouns whose)

What does An adverb prepositional phrase tell

How, when, where, why, or to what extent

when do you use colons

-before a list of items -before a long statement/quote (his speech started with the words: "I love music." -between independent clauses when the second clause explains or restates the idea of the first (those lanterns are the most popular: they are cheap, pretty, and cool.) -after a salutation of a business letter (Dear Mrs. Ayala: )

when are semi colons used

-between independent clauses that are closely related in thought and arent joined by a coordinating conjunction (three spots are filled for the job; all of them have experience in the field) -between independent clauses joined by a conjunctive adverb or a transitional expression (the speech was long; consequently, people began to figit) - sometines before a coordinating conjunction to join independent clauses (he wrote many songs, incluing "heyy," ""helloo," and "Hiii"; but, as I recall he never acted, taught, or wrote.) when there are only 1 or 2 commas in the independent clauses, the semicolon may not be needed -when you're listing things that have commas (he lived in Dallas, TX; Albany, NY; and Orlando, FL.)

how do you use commas in dates and addresses, and names

August 21, 2017 send me stuff at 423 Twenty Street, Salt Lake City, Utah, 91113, whenever you want (comma separates end of address from rest of sentence.) Dallas, TX 4 July 1998 (no comma when the day is first, then month, then year set off a title that follows a person's name (Mark Rose, Sr.)

capitalize first word in both the salutation and the closing of the letter

Dear Sarah, Sincerely Sarah

What does an adjective prepositional phrase modify

A noun or a pronoun

What does an adverb prepositional phrase modify

A verb, adjective, or adverb

What are collective nouns singular and plural

Singular noun to refer to the group as a unit and plural nouns refer to the individual members or part of the group (Ie singular is the team has won the game and plural is the team have voted for captain. The members of the team voted individually for plural.)

What does an adjective prepositional phrase tell

What kind or which one

what is a dangling modifier

a word/phrase/clause that doesn't clearly modify any word in a sentence. (ie- to win the election, your support will be needed- who needs support- instead say to win the election, I will need your support)

how do you form the possessive of a plural noun ending in s

add an apostrophe to the end (the girls' car)

how do you form the possessive of an indefinite pronoun

add and apsotrophy and s (No one's, everybody's)

****does a collective noun take a singular or plural pronoun

if it is a singular collective noun then it takes a singular one (the guide gave group its money) . if it is a plural collective noun then it uses a plural pronoun(the guide gave the group their phones)

it's, its

its is possessive- I like its color it's is a contraction- it's easy homework- it is easy homework

what does it mean to avoid shifts in tense

keep the same tense the whole sentence (NOT- the cat asks to go out but then wanted to come back in. RIGHT- the cat asks to go out, but always wants to come back in)

what is the difference between lie and lay

lie means to put yourself down- NO DO (I lie down). Lay means to put something down- HAS DO (she lays the book over there).

having to do with people, capitalize _______________________ and _______________

nationalities, titles as long as it preceeds a name (Captain/Senetor/Judge Jack)

what does it mean to use a comma after introductory elements

yes, no, or any mild exclamation. (yes, you can sit here) use a comma after a participle (phrase): (beaten, I shook hands with my boxing apponent) after 2 short prep phrases or 1 long prep phrase (in the park near my house, there is a dog. OR near the beginning of the trail, I saw a dog) after an intro adverb clause (while the music played, the dancers danced