English III

Summarizing

Briefly stating the main points and key details of a work in your own words.

"...what foul dust floated in the wake of his dreams that temporarily closed out my interest in the abortive sorrows and short-winded elations of men."

By some measures, Gatsby successfully achieved the American Dream, ascending to the top of the world (or at least the economic ladder). However, the dream comes with a price: a "foul dust" that follows you around everywhere you go. The higher you climb, the steeper the price-and Gatsby managed to climb pretty high. Nick states the dark side of Gatsby's quest ended up making him feel somewhat depressed about everything-so right off the bat we know that even achieving dreams doesn't necessarily lead to happiness. The word "interest" is also field-specific terminology for the bonding business that Nick was involved in. "Closed out my interest" perhaps alludes to how Nick will steer away from that business in the end, simultaneously steering away from a certain investment in humanity and optimism about the world

The Mckees

Chester- feminine, sexual undertones between him and nick Lucille- handsome Roles are reversed in couples in the novel

Metaphor

Comparing two unlike things NOT using "like" or "as." Example: 1) "She was an old photograph dusted from an album." 2) "I think the sun is a flower."

Simile

Comparing two unlike things using "like" or "as." 1) "The children pressed to each other like so many roses looking at the sun." 2) "About how like a lemon it was, and how hot..."

An arcane theory is one that not many people understand.

Correct

An expedient is a means to accomplish an end.

Correct

Incremental changes are those made gradually.

Correct

Peripheral matters are those that are not central.

Correct

Persons who convenes come together in a group.

Correct

To exude confidence is to exhibit it in abundance.

Correct

To gesticulate is to say or express something by making gestures.

Correct

To reiterate a concern is to express it over and over.

Correct

To vacillate it to keep changing ones mind.

Correct

What indication is there that Tom and Daisy are closely linked despite their marital problems?

Daisy doesn't want to leave Tom because of the wealthy lifestyle she lives. She likes having the assurance of wealth.

How would you describe Daisy's state of mind during dinner? What does she say and do which reveals her inner conflicts?

Daisy seems uneasy during dinner like something is bothering her. She says the best thing a girl can be is a beautiful little fool, referring to herself.

Types of Conflict

Internal- Man vs. Self External- Man vs. Man, Nature, or Society

Shame Analysis

Mode of Discourse: Exposition and narration The author uses cause/effect in order to tell the story of how he learned to feel shame, but also to make the point that there is no shame in getting help when necessary. His last sentence sends his point home: it wasn't that he didn't want the help, it was just too late now. The man telling him this caused him to realize that the real shame came when it was made obvious that you were getting help, not from the help itself. Purpose: The purpose was mainly to prove his point that there is no shame in getting help, only shame in making a spectacle out of getting help, which is why the passage was more exposition than narration.

Correct uses of exude

Moisture from the body is exuded through the pores of the skin The producer exuded such charm that it was hard to refuse his offer It does not work in: As soon as Tom _________ the speed limit, he was stopped by the highway patrol

"He borrowed somebody's best suit to get married in, and never told me about it, and the man came after it one day when he was out . . . I gave it to him and then I lay down and cried . . . all afternoon."

Myrtle realizes her husband isn't 'good enough for her' when she finds out he was wearing a borrowed suit. This connects with her description of her first encounter with Tom later in this chapter. There, too, she is focused exclusively on his clothing. Myrtle's judgments about men are utterly superficial and materialistic.

Catherine

Myrtle's sister. Pretentious, gossip about gatsby, forced herself on nick, pretty

"'A phrase began to beat in my ears with a sort of heady excitement: 'There are only the pursued, the pursuing, the busy, and the tired.'"

Nick is saying that everyone falls into one of these categories.The pursued are men like Gatsby who everyone is after. Jordan would also fall into this category. The pursuing are people who are always chasing something wether it be a person or a goal. Gatsby is pursuing Daisy, Nick is pursuing Jordan and Gatsby. The busy are always doing something like Tom and Jordan. The tired are barely ever doing anything like Daisy or sometimes Nick. Nick believes that these categories are true and based on the people he knows they are.

How does Nick meet Tom's mistress?

Nick meets Tom's mistress on a train when it was stopped.

How does Nick characterize the guests at the party? What do these tell us about how he feels about most of the guests there? What sense of the jazz age do we get from the description of this party?

Nick observes the people most of the time he is at the party. Most are businessmen that are very wealthy. They are all fake though because they flaunt it. The lifestyle during the 20s was very luxurious and they had extravagant parties with alcohol and expensive things.

Describe the 2 ways in which Nick differs from the other guests at Gatsby's party.

Nick was one of the few people that was actually invited. The rest just showed up. He didn't get drunk.

How does the tone of Nick's description of Tom reveal Nick's feelings about Tom?

Nicks description of Tom reveals he doesn't like Tom and shows that he thinks he is a jerk.

Cause/ Effect

Noting a relationship between actions or events such that one or more are the result of the other or others.

Narrator

Person telling the story

Margot

Protagonist, the main character in the story.

Describe the setting of the Valley of Ashes where George and Myrtle live. What aspects of the setting imply that it is intended to be symbolic?

The Valley of Ashes is the wasteland between the east and west egg. It is where the lower class lives. It symbolizes Wilson and how he is made of ashes because he repairs cars and can't achieve the American dream.

Characterization

The act of creating of developing a character. Example: Margot is characterized by depressed. William is characterized as mean.

"I felt a haunting loneliness sometimes, and felt it in others — young clerks in the dusk, wasting the most poignant moments of night and life."

This paragraph is key to keep in mind while reading the rest of the book. This seems to be a very effective technique that Fitzgerald used in order to save time by only telling the events of significance in the story. Using this paragraph, he eliminates periods in the story where the characters are idle and not busy. Also, it gives perspective as to the fact that while Nick Carraway is working or doing other daily activities, the other characters are also probably working or doing business in some fashion. This paragraph is also important to keep in mind because it lets the reader know that being rich in New York is not always fancy dinner parties or just hanging out in mansions all day.

Figurative Language

Language that cannot be taken literally since it was written to create a special effect or feeling.

Levity is a state of perfect balance.

Levity is a lack of seriousness.

To mortify someone is to cause that persons death.

cause that persons humiliation

The reawakening of the senses is seen through

color

The idealized landscape is

colorful

Jordan Baker

competes in golf tournaments; Daisy wants this person to fall in love with Nick. athletic. she pushes through boundaries as a woman athlete. cheated in golf tournament. gossip. disloyal friend. "knows" gatsby

Using the internet is a very ____________ way to shop

convenient

Tom Buchanan

described by the author with very "macho," masculine language; breaks another Myrtle's nose. violent. racist. controlling. immoral. rich. greedy. ignorant. book smart. best at everything. superiority complex.

pensive

dreamily thoughtful

The newest engine _____________ very little carbon dioxide

emits

I felt that the most _____________ thing was to say nothing at all about the matter

expedient

A successful speaker ____________ confidence on the platform

exudes

Why do Jake and Bill Gorton go to Spain?

fishing and pamplona festival de san fermin

Correct uses of expedient

guessing is the unprepared person's expedient for coping with test in view of the heavy rains, it may be expedient to delay the spring planting nations sometimes do what is politically expedient without regard to morality

Hemingway's characters all struggle to find what?

happiness

Owl Eyes

he is drunk and trying to sober up by reading (actions do not make sense to reach end goal.) disorderly, has been drunk for one week and arrived at gatsby's the night before gets into a car accident as the party is nearing it's end and he leads everyone to believe he was driving. they are more concerned with the wheel coming off and running out of gas (Tom was in car crash with a woman in santa barbara) they completely have their priorities out of order He is showing recurring trends in the novel, this will happen again.

The postwar society Hemingway reveals in the novel is one in the midst of a what kind of crisis?

identity

elated

in high spirits; exultantly proud and joyful

The central male characters are all

insecure bitches

licentious

morally unrestrained

Correct uses of vacillate

my little sister vacillated between between a party at home and a trip to the ice skating rink for her birthday It does not work in: Dr. Shin _____________ the baby against a variety of diseases Ayesha ______________ the drink until the ingredients were combined

We never found out what cause the ______________ noise in the cellar

mysterious

Subterfuge

n. A deceptive scheme or strategy.

Increment

n. An increase, addition, or gain, often by regular, consecutive amounts.

Levity

n. Excessive frivolity; a lack of seriousness; joking.

Raconteur

n. One who tells stories with skill and wit.

Periphery

n. The area around the edges; the outermost part.

An apocryphal event is one of earth-shaking significance.

one that is spurious.

What does water symbolize?

purification

The ________________ signature on the document made the lease invalid

spurious

at the end of the Buchanans' dock

the green light is located [---]

correct uses of convene

the manager convened so many meetings that little actual work got done all the teachers convened after school to discuss whether to introduce spanish in grade four It doesnt work in: I ______________ robert's message to the members of his family

The Hills of Zion Analysis

"The Hills of Zion" demonstrates the irony with which religious fanatics attacked John Scopes during his famed namesake trial. The Scopes Trial was a legal battle between the State of Tennessee and John Scopes, a substitute teacher. Scopes was accused of violating the state's Butler Act, a law that prohibited the teaching of evolution in public schools, favoring instead religious creation stories. This expository article tells of Mencken's trip to Dayton to report upon the trial. After viewing the people's disdain of organized religion, Mencken travels to the rural hills outside of the city. Here he finds true observers of religion: crazed fanatics who reject the society surrounding them. The sharp contrasts that Mencken emphasizes between the antinomian, lax residents of Dayton and the radical and distant ruralites highlight the irony of the Scopes Trial. The author and narrator of this essay is H. L. Mencken. Mencken was a reporter for several Baltimore newspapers, a literary critic, and an independent author. As an agnostic and opponent of religion it is unsurprising that he would take a stance on the Scopes case that would decry those involved. This essay was originally published in the Baltimore newspaper The Evening Sun. Mencken's articles presented to Baltimore residents coverage that was biased against the prosecution. Mencken's purpose in writing "The Hills of Zion" was to persuade people to support the defense in the trial. To accomplish this, he described the religion within Dayton with vivid figurative language, writing, "the nine churches of the village were all half-empty on Sunday, and weeds choked their yards. Only two or three of the resident pastors managed to sustain themselves by their ghostly science" (Mencken 107). This is not traditional imagery, as it lacks an appeal to the senses, yet it still gives the reader a clear view of the situation. This description is an important rhetoric technique in this essay, as it demonstrates how ludicrous the trial was, as its resident city's religion is lacking. Though the article was not a traditional argument, its message about the Scopes Trial was convincing. Mencken certainly accomplished his purpose.

East Egg

"respected", old money long island

Iambic Pentameter

A metrical pattern (rhythm) in poetry which consists of five iambic feet per line. (an iamb, or iambic foot, consists of one unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable.)The Italian sonnet is divided into two sections by two different groups of rhyming sounds. The first 8 lines is called the octave and rhymes: a b b a a b b a The remaining 6 lines is called the sestet and can have either two or three rhyming sounds, arranged in a variety of ways: c d c d c d c d d c d c c d e c d e c d e c e d c d c e d c

Couplet

A pair of rhymed lines that may or may not constitute a separate stanza in a poem.

Allusion

A reference to another work of literature, person, or event

Verbal Irony

A figure of speech in which what is said is the opposite of what is meant (sarcasm)

Aside

A speech (usually just a short comment) made by an actor to the audience, as though momentarily stepping outside of the action on stage.

A subterfuge is a comment that is not intended to be heard.

A subterfuge is a scheme that is deceptive.

Soliloquy

A dramatic or literary form of discourse in which a character talks to himself or herself or reveals his or her thoughts without addressing a listener.

Theme

A topic of discussion or writing; a major idea broad enough to cover the entire scope of a literary work.

What does Nick learn about Jordan Baker after he has spent some time with her?

He learns that she is a dishonest person. She cheats her way to win.

The First Day Summary

-First day of school the little girls mother wants her daughter to go to a school near her church ( Seaton Elementary School) but they live beyond the area so they have to go to their designated school. -When they get to the designated school ( walker- Jones) the mother asks a woman to help her fill out the form but the woman doesn't understand what she means and the mother reveals that she doesn't know how to read or write.

Point of View

1st Person Pov- "I" 3rd Person Pov- Pronouns 3rd Person Omniscient- "all knowing" access to character's thought.

Sonnet

A a lyric poem of fourteen lines, usually in iambic pentameter, with rhymes arranged according to certain definite patterns. It usually expresses a single, complete idea or thought with a reversal, twist, or change of direction in the concluding lines.

Summary

A brief statement of the main points of a story. Example: Margot is a young girl living on Venus where it rains and rains. She is waiting for the sun which did not shine for 7 years. The other children did not believe her and locked her in the closet. She misses the sun.

Foil

A character who is in most ways opposite to the main character (protagonist) or one who is nearly the same as the protagonist. The purpose of the foil character is to emphasize the traits of the main character by contrast only

Tragedy

A dramatic composition, often in verse, dealing with a serious or somber theme, typically that of a great person destined through a flaw of character or conflict with some overpowering force, as fate or society, to downfall or destruction.

Mike has what illness?

Alchoholism

What indications are there that the green light will have a emotional significance to Gatsby?

As Gatsby is reaching his arm out to the green light he is trembling. Maybe the light symbolizes what he is missing in his life which is Daisy

Situational Irony

An outcome that turns out to be very different from what was expected

William

Antagonist, challenges the main character.

Who asked, "How did you go bankrupt?"?

Bill

Indirect Characterization

Author subtly reveals the character through actions and interactions.

Who suggested, "Utilize a little, brother...Let us not doubt, brother"?

Bill

"I hope she'll be a fool — that's the best thing a girl can be in this world, a beautiful little fool . . . You see, I think everything's terrible anyhow . . . And I know. I've been everywhere and seen everything and done everything."

Daisy speaks these words in Chapter 1 as she describes to Nick and Jordan her hopes for her infant daughter. While not directly relevant to the novel's main themes, this quote offers a revealing glimpse into Daisy's character. Daisy is not a fool herself but is the product of a social environment that, to a great extent, does not value intelligence in women. The older generation values subservience and docility in females, and the younger generation values thoughtless giddiness and pleasure-seeking. Daisy's remark is somewhat sardonic: while she refers to the social values of her era, she does not seem to challenge them. Instead, she describes her own boredom with life and seems to imply that a girl can have more fun if she is beautiful and simplistic. Daisy herself often tries to act such a part. She conforms to the social standard of American femininity in the 1920s in order to avoid such tension-filled issues as her undying love for Gatsby.

daisy flowers are both white and yellow.

Daisy's name is important symbolically because [---].

An imperturbable person is one who gets upset easily.

Doesn't get upset

Describe George Wilson. How does he react to Tom's arrival?

George isn't a very wealthy hand and loves his wife. When Tom comes he is happy because that means Tom will pay for the car.

How does Myrtle behave as the party progresses?

Everyone is drinking at the party which causes Myrtle's behavior to get a little out of hand. She starts chanting Daisy's name that gets Tom mad.

The Elements of Plot in this Story

Exposition- The mother takes the daughter to the school she wants her to attend but they get rejected. Rising Action- When they have to go to the other school. Climax- When the mother asks the other lady to help fill the form out because she can't read or write. Falling Action- The woman helps the mother fill out the form. Resolution- The mom knows that her daughter is going to know how to read and write. Conflict- Character vs. Character The mother has lack of education which mean she is illiterate and wants to give education to her child.She has trouble finding a school and registering for her.

Dramatic Irony

In this type of irony, facts or events are unknown to a character in a play or a piece of fiction but known to the reader, audience, or other characters in the work

What image does the author use to describe Jordan Baker? What does it mean?

Fitzgerald presents several images to describe Jordan. In Chapter 1, Nick views her as someone trying to delicately balance an object on her chin and who walks with her shoulders back and spine erect "like a young cadet." Both of these images cause the reader to see Jordan as a cardboard figure who outwardly walks the "fine line" of Old Money society, but whom Nick hopes is not as shallow or "precarious" as she appears to be. Jordan's name is also symbolic. Her first and last names are fittingly the names of cars during the Roaring 20s. Jordan uses automobiles carelessly just like the rest of the rich, and so she--like the cars--represents Old Money society smashing up the other "unfortunate" humans who get in their way.

What is Gatsby doing when Nick first sees him?

Gatsby is standing alone on his lawn looking across the water at Daisy's house.

West Egg

Gatsby lives here and has the largest mansion, so does nick, classless, gaudy, flashy

Chapter 5

Gatsby sends flowers -gets nick's grass cut -offers nick a job Gatsby's house is prepared for a party however no one is there Nick goes into town to buy flowers, but Gatsby already had some ordered Nick think his house is on fire because it is so bright It is actually Gatsby's house that is lit up Daisy and Gatsby are reintroduced Nick needs to calm Gatsby down bc things are not going as expected Gatsby and Daisy begin to find comfort in each other when Nick leaves for the second time they do not realize when he comes back but when he does daisy is crying and gatsby is happy Gatsby wants to show Daisy his house and insists that nick comes along. He wants to impress Daisy Gatsby's real job is becoming evident While Daisy is powdering her nose, Nick and Gatsby look with awe on Gatsby's house. Gatsby slips up a little when he says it took him three years to earn the money for it, and when Nick questions his earlier statement that he inherited the money, Gatsby gets suddenly defensive. Hmm! As they explore Gatsby's house, Nick thinks he hears the ghostly laughter of the owl-eyed man in the library. It becomes painfully obvious that Gatsby only has such a fine house and such fine things for the purpose of impressing Daisy. When Daisy sees Gatsby's collection of expensive shirts, she cries about how beautiful they are. Nick muses that, since Daisy is now here with Gatsby, the green light loses its magical mystery significance. The present, it seems, doesn't really live up to the past ideals. They go downstairs and have this man Klipspringer play "The Love Nest" on the piano. Nick heads home, leaving Gatsby and Daisy alone together.

...his parents, who are dead.

Gatsby tells Nick that he got his wealth from [---].

...yellow.

Gatsby's car is colored [---].

Why does tom attack myrtle at the end of the chapter? How does this exemplify Fitzgerald's description of Tom in chapter 1?

He attacks her for chanting Daisy's name and breaks her nose. It shows how he's can be violent as described in the first chapter.

How does Nick describe Tom Buchanan?

He describes Tom as an arrogant person because he cheats on his wife. Also describes him as being very wealthy but spends his money on his mistress rather than his wife.

How does Fitzgerald describe Myrtle Wilson? Does her physical appearance select on her character in any way?

He describes her as being stout in her mid 30s and has a corse voice. Yes her personality is harsh like her.

Correct uses of gesticulate

He gesticulated so much when he talked that i paid more attention to his arms than to his story It does not work in: The baby wriggled and laughed when we __________ her tummy Secretary Braun said she had _____________ several ideas in her mind that might help us solve the problem

Why is Brett unwilling to be with Jake, even though she loves him?

His dick dont work

Style

How the author describes events, objects, and ideas

Personification

Human characteristics are given to animals, objects, or things. Example: "When the sun came out for an hour and showed its face to a stunned world..."

Pamplona in July Analysis

In Pamplona in July, Ernest Hemingway recounts his summer visit to the town, Pamplona, in Northern Spain, renown for hosting a bullfighting festival every July (98). Throughout the piece, Hemingway vividly narrates his experiences and describes the traditions, people and culture of the town, and the riveting bullfights he attended. The essay, published in 1923, was not the first of Hemingway's successes. While writing as a journalist, he also published many short pieces and two books featuring his works. This trip was the first of many to the festival, which served as inspiration for his first novel, The Sun Also Rises. During the piece, Hemingway not only informs the reader of what occurred on his trip, but brings the reader on a journey into the little town with him. He writes to paint a descriptive picture of his experience around Pamplona and at the bullfights themselves. To those who enjoy unique adventures and who may be interested in attending the festival, he tells his story, using strong diction, straightforward phrases and asyndeton, giving a descriptive glimpse of his experience. He gives the piece a candid tone, using strong diction and straightforward phrases. With short, descriptive phrases, he pulls the reader into the loud arena with him. He states, "Then the bull charges and bags another man. The crowd roars with delight" (102). His strong diction and short phrases help him inform the reader and give an honest recount of what occurs. To provide a better understanding of the context, he emphatically uses asyndeton. While talking of a skillful bullfighter, he says, "He handled them all. Did it all. Cape play easy, graceful, confident" (105). By excluding conjunctions, he highlights the ease of the man's actions, giving an exciting, wondrous mood to the piece. With his interesting craft, Hemingway achieved his goal. I felt like I was sitting alongside the Hemingways in the roaring arena, and after reading, I knew much more about bullfighting and the festival. Ernest Hemingway's essay, Pamplona in July, illustrates his journey through another culture, and gives a direct glimpse into this exquisite world.

Describe 2 incidents involving automobiles in this chapter. What role do they seem to play?

In general all the rich people drive recklessly because they don't care what happens. They have an endless supply of money. Another incident is when owl eyes gets into an accident and lands in a ditch because the driver was drunk.

"This is a valley of ashes — a fantastic farm where ashes grow like wheat into ridges and hills and grotesque gardens; where ashes take the forms of houses and chimneys and rising smoke and, finally, with a transcendent effort, of men who move dimly and already crumbling through the powdery air."

In this sentence, F. Scott Fitzgerald explores the juxtaposition between the pastoral and industrial elements of "The Valley of the Ashes" in order to convey the jarring sense of poverty in this area between West Egg and New York. The pertinence of using the words "valley" and "ashes" within the same phrase is that there is a sharp contrast between the word "valley", which is associated with green, rolling, hills and agriculture, symbolizing life, and "ashes", which are associated with industry, factories, and in a sense, death. This is in a way romanticizing and ignoring the suffering of those in the Valley of Ashes, by referring to it as a fantastic farm instead of the awful hell-hole it really is. Additionally, the incredulous imagery of the "fantastic farm" and "grotesque garden" cause the reader to believe that the valley is almost fantasy and unbelievable. As "ashes take the forms of houses and chimneys" they represent the rickety, low quality houses made by the impoverished people in this area. In fact the grey ashes in this area actually represent everything in the Valley, from the houses, to the people, and everything in between. Everything in the Valley of Ashes is viewed as just as insignificant and repulsive as the ashes that cloud the air around them. Moreover, the imagery of "men who move dimly and [are] already crumbling through the powdery air" illustrates the feebleness/incompetence of the men whose lives are withering away due to tough lives and the blindness of the wealthy that pass through the Valley of the Ashes. The men in this valley become so invisible to others that they end up just resembling the "powdery air" around them. It's like just by living in this valley they are already basically dead.

Who "got hurt in the war"?

Jake

Who said, "Some people have God"?

Jake

Describe the ambiguity in Nick's descriptions of Gatsby.

Nick admires Gatsby's wealth but doesn't admire how superficial he is. Gatsby seems like he has to play the role of a wealthy man.

How does Nick describe himself in the beginning of the novel?

Nick describes himself as someone who doesn't pass judgement on people which was a trait passed down from his dad.

Chapter 3

Nick describes the elaborate parties (orchestra and everything) that Jay Gatsby throws most nights throughout the summer. Hordes of people arrive to get their collective grooves on. Many of them never meet Gatsby, and most were not invited. But Nick is invited--via Gatsby's chauffer. He meets Jordan at the party, we're reminded she is a golfer, and everybody gossips about the mysterious Gatsby and how he might be a murderer or in the CIA or something. (Well, probably not the CIA, founded in 1947. But you get the point.) Nick wanders into the library (you can tell he's not a big party aficionado) and meets a man with owl-eyed spectacles who is in awe that all these books are real - pages and everything! Owl-eyed man also utters one of the famous Fitzgerald lines: "I've been drunk for about a week now, and I thought it might sober me up to sit in a library." Back outside, Nick meets an unknown man who gives him the old "you look familiar" line. They chat about having both been in the war (WWI). Turns out, the mysterious man is the mysterious Gatsby. Who'd have thought? Certainly not Nick, who expected Gatsby to be older than him. (Nick's about 30.) Gatsby leaves to take a phone call, and later sends his butler to get Jordan for a private chat. Inside the house, Nick watches a woman with red hair singing along to a piano and weeping black mascara tears. Everyone is fighting with his or her spouse. The men are mad because they're not being allowed to talk to the hot young things, and the women are mad because their husbands are trying to talk to the hot young things. Presumably the hot young things are enjoying themselves just fine. Jordan comes back from the chat with Gatsby; she taunts Nick (and us) about the "tantalizing" news without revealing any of it. She then tells Nick to come and visit her at her aunt's house. Gatsby says goodnight to Nick with his signature "old sport" usage. They have plans to go up in his "hydroplane" tomorrow. BUT the excitement isn't over yet. Nick sees that a coupe leaving the driveway has hit a wall and lost a wheel. The driver? None other than the owl-eyed man himself. No, wait - moments after that we find out he was not, in fact, the driver. There was someone else in the car. We suggest you dog-ear this page for later reference. That's it for the night of the party. Nick falls into his work-eat-sleep routine and Jordan doesn't pop up again until mid-summer, when they start hanging out together. Nick tells us it isn't love, but that it's curiosity. Sure, dude. Whatever you need to tell yourself. When Jordan lies about leaving the top down in a borrowed convertible, it jogs Nick's memory about that "story" he had been trying to remember regarding Jordan: she may have cheated in a professional golf tournament once. Yet another classic Fitzgerald line: "Dishonesty in a woman is something you never blame deeply." Ha. She's also a horrible driver, but we're not making any women jokes about that—especially since it's not true. Nick tells her to be careful, but Jordan says no, it's fine, as long as other people are careful drivers. She says she hopes that she never meets a person as careless as herself. "I hate careless people," she tells Nick. "That's why I like you." Nick is sold. He realizes he needs to break things off with a certain girl back in Chicago, and then congratulates himself on being one of the few honest people he has ever known.

Chapter 2

Nick describes the land that lies in between the Eggs and New York as a "valley of ashes" (2.1), which sounds really unpleasant. Above this dead land—er, "Waste Land," perhaps?—are the eyes of Doctor T.J. Eckleburg, or rather, a billboard that features the eyes of Doctor T.J. Eckleburg. No, it's not socialite graffiti, just an advertisement for an eye doctor. But we get the feeling it's meaningful. In case you're interested in colors (and in this book, we recommend it), the eyes are blue and the spectacles yellow. Anyway, the whole reason we hear about these ashes and eyes is that Nick is traveling to the city with Tom, who insists on stopping to show Nick his mistress. We love show and tell! The mistress is the wife of an auto mechanic named George B. Wilson - at least, that's the name on the front of his repair shop Tom acts like a jerk towards the husband (who is doing some sort of car work for him) and then sends the wife (Myrtle) a not-so-covert message to come with him to the city. George (Myrtle's husband) is blissfully ignorant. He thinks Myrtle just goes to the city to visit her sister. On the train on the way to the city, Myrtle wants a puppy. So Tom buys her a puppy. Obviously. This whole situation is so wrong that Nick tries to jump ship. But the happy couple doesn't let him. In the city, they head to the adulterous sex apartment and meet up with others, including a Mr. McKee and Myrtle's sister, Catherine. They drink a lot of Tom's whiskey, and Nick gets drunk for the second time in his life. When Nick reveals that he lives in West Egg, one of the drunken revelers goes on and on about the fabulous parties that this guy Gatsby throws. Myrtle's sister whispers to Nick that Myrtle and Tom both hate their spouses. So, apparently Tom has told Myrtle some lies to string her along without having to divorce Daisy. There is some discussion of not marrying below your social caste, which apparently Myrtle did. Tom tells Myrtle to stop saying Daisy's name. Myrtle, of course, says "Daisy, Daisy, Daisy." ... and then Tom breaks her nose. Nick gets too drunk to remember how he got into bed.

Describe the ambiguity in Gatsby's character that strikes Nick.

Nick has always been impressed by Gatsby for his elaborate parties. Nick soon realizes he doesn't have these parties for himself at all. He doesn't care about the superficial things and doesn't enjoy himself.

"Whenever you feel like criticizing any one . . . just remember that all the people in this world haven't had the advantages that you've had."

Nick in the beginning, something his dad told him and it stuck with him

What does Nick think of Gatsby when he first meets him?

Nick is fascinated with Gatsby. He thinks he is going to be a corpulent businessman but is actually very friendly.

Who said, "Don't you ever get the feeling that all your life is going by and you're not taking advantage of it?"

Robert

Who was Brett in San Sebastian with?

Robert Cohn

How does Myrtle react towards Tom's arrival?

She acts calm and walks slowly down the stairs and sends her husband to get chairs. By her acting calm this allows her husband to assume nothing.

The First Day Figurative Language

Simile- The woman who greets us has pearls thick as jumbo marbles that come down almost to her navel. Foreshadowing- I learned to be ashamed of my mother. Flash back- "Out playing one day, I overheard an older child, speaking to another child, call Miss Mary and Miss Blondelle a word this is brand new to me." Idioms-She says"One monkey don't stop no show"

Structure

The way that the writer arranges the plot of a story.

Direct Characterization

The author directly states a character's traits

What does the owl-eyed man in the library find extraordinary about Gatsby's library?

The books. He notices that the books are real books but have not been read. In the 20s the pages were stuck together before reading them.

Compare the setting of the party in chapter 1 to the party in chapter 2.

The first chapter was more reserved and was mostly wealthy people. The second chapter was loud with more people and commotion going on.

The First Day Theme

The importance of education Parents hopes for there children

The First Day Characters

The little girl - 5 years old - Kindergarten - Curious - Naive Mother - Persistent - Can't read or write - wants the best for her daughter

Describe the events and the atmosphere of the party.

The party was big and extravagant. there was a lot going on at once. Many of the guests were drunk which added to the liveliness of the party. They also had a band and orchestra playing.

"I married him because I thought he was a gentleman . . . I thought he knew something about breeding, but he wasn't fit to lick my shoe."

The pathos is obvious here—Wilson supports Myrtle and cares greatly for her (as we will see when she is run over in the street like an animal), but Myrtle not only cheats on him but also despises him, and runs him down in front of her friends from the city. Three things: Myrtle is, as a rapper might say, "feeling herself" now that she's in the city with her much wealthier lover, and some of Tom's power, privilege, and arrogance has trickled down to her. The psychology is complex here; despising Wilson may be Myrtle's way of dealing with the guilt she must feel in betraying him (though we never see her treat Wilson with any affection). She is also in the tricky position of explaining why she married someone so far beneath her; her answer seems to be that she was tricked. "Breeding"—though a common way to talk about class position and social background—recalls Tom's elaborate biological theories about the fitness and inferiority of different races.

Conflict

The problem of a story. Example: 1. "Margot lives on Venus where it rains all the time." (Character vs. nature) 2. "Margot does not want the water from the shower to touch her." (Character vs. him/herself) 3. "William does not like Margot." (Character vs. Character)

Setting

The time and place of the story. Example: It has been raining on Venus for seven years.

Foreshadowing

The use of hints or clues to determine outcomes. Example: Margot stands apart from the other children.

How does Jake Know Lady Brett Ashley?

They met in London when she treated him for a war wound

"Involuntarily I glanced seaward—and distinguished nothing except a single green light, minute and far away, that might have been the end of a dock.

This light is an important recurring symbol in the novel. Green is often associated with envy, which makes sense considering the green light represents his jealousy for Tom having Daisy. But the green light has most nearly come to represent the American Dream, and the futility of chasing it. Literally, the light is located at the end of Daisy and Tom's dock. And since that is all that Gatsby can see of their house from where he is, he grows to associate that light with Daisy. The light is often described as seeming so close, but always just out of reach, and that is also a good way of describing the American dream itself.

He had one of those rare smiles with a quality of eternal reassurance in it, that you may come across four or five times in life. It faced, or seemed to face, the whole external world for an instant and then concentrated on you with an irresistible prejudice in your favor. It understood you just as far as you wanted to be understood, believed in you as you would like to believe in yourself.

This passage occurs in Chapter 3 as part of Nick's first close examination of Gatsby's character and appearance. This description of Gatsby's smile captures both the theatrical quality of Gatsby's character and his charisma. Additionally, it encapsulates the manner in which Gatsby appears to the outside world, an image Fitzgerald slowly deconstructs as the novel progresses toward Gatsby's death in Chapter 8. One of the main facets of Gatsby's persona is that he acts out a role that he defined for himself when he was seventeen years old. His smile seems to be both an important part of the role and a result of the singular combination of hope and imagination that enables him to play it so effectively. Here, Nick describes Gatsby's rare focus—he has the ability to make anyone he smiles at feel as though he has chosen that person out of "the whole external world," reflecting that person's most optimistic conception of him- or herself.

"Everyone suspects himself of at least one of the cardinal virtues, and this is mine: I am one of the few honest people that I have ever known."

This sentence could be read as having the exact opposite effect from what Nick intended. Despite half-heartedly courting Jordan while continuing to write love letters home (thus effectively deceiving both girls), he declares himself to be an honest man. Although Nick in many ways is simply a prism through which we view Gatsby, here Fitzgerald reminds us he is a character proper, and thus we must keep in mind that his witnessing of events is subjective.

Why does Fitzgerald describe the party in the present tense?

To make the reader feel more apart of the story.

Myrtle Wilson

Tom's mistress; lives in an apartment over a garage. George's wife. materialistic. disloyal. gold digger. emotionally unstable. foil to daisy (not really once we find out how much of lil bitch daisy is). selfish. dense. in way over her head

Daisy Buchanan

Tom's wife. whimsical, pretends to be unaware. wants daughter to be a beautiful fool to avoid harshness of life. has ulterior motives. knows more than she wants to.

(1) He sends over someone to cut Nick's grass. (2) He sends over a florist with lots of fresh flowers to decorate the inside of the house.

Two things Gatsby does to improve Nick's house before Daisy's visit are [---].

"He thinks she goes to see her sister in New York. He's so dumb he doesn't know he's alive.

Wilson proves to have a fairly good understanding of the situation, but Tom is too pretentious to grant his social inferior that recognition.

Chapter 4 Important Features

Wolfsheim Klipspringer Story of the wedding

Correct uses of apocryphal

We dismissed these accounts of UFO contacts with humans as apocryphal It does not work in: A nuclear war would be the most _____________ event in human history I never know when she's being _____________ and when shes telling the truth a human cant be apocryphal

Chapter 4

We hear some more guesses as to Gatsby's occupation. (Murderer? Bootlegger? Movie critic?) Apparently, background matters: Nick goes on and on about the names, occupations, and personal histories of all the people who come to Gatsby's parties. Gatsby comes to get Nick for lunch in his huge and fancy yellow Rolls-Royce. He explains to Nick his own personal history: he's the son of wealthy Midwesterners and he was educated at Oxford. Nick recalls that the general public, and more specifically Jordan, has some doubts about Gatsby's Oxford claim. Gatsby says he's from San Francisco (which doesn't exactly seem like the Middle West to us, but whatever). He also talks about the war and shows Nick a medal that says "Major Jay Gatsby." If that were not enough, he shows a photograph of him with the old Oxford gang. Nick is sold. He believes Gatsby. But FYI, if you ever need to see photographic proof to believe your friends' stories, it's probably a bad sign. AHA! Turns out Gatsby was just buttering him up to ask for a big favor; he wants Nick to talk with Jordan about something. Something vague. Nick isn't too happy about being used. When he's pulled over by a policeman, Gatsby simply reveals his identity and gets off the hook, Tony Soprano style. Once they get to the city, Gatsby introduces Nick to his business partner, Mr. Wolfsheim. Nick instinctively knows that there is something fishy about the working partnership. We're starting to think this is more Enoch Thompson-style than Tony Soprano-style. Supposedly, Mr. Wolfsheim fixed the World Series of 1919. We don't even have to tell you whose style that is. Oh, we forgot to mention: Mr. Wolfsheim's cufflinks are made of human molars. (Kurtz-style from Heart of Darkness.) And then Nick sees none other than Tom Buchanan across the room. He goes to introduce Gatsby, but Gatsby has bolted. They meet Tom by accident, but when Nick turns to introduce Gatsby to Tom, Gatsby has disappeared. Again. The plot thickens. Jordan later tells Nick the story of how Gatsby and Daisy met in October, 1917. Jordan herself saw them together; Daisy (all dressed in white - get used to that) was eighteen and the Queen Bee of high society, and Gatsby was a young officer head-over-heels in love with her. By 1918, Jordan had her own boyfriends and had begun to play in tournaments. We don't think this is relevant, but Jordan clearly did. Daisy's family, meanwhile, had prevented Daisy from going to say good-bye to this solider. Daisy responded with a teenage "I hate you! I'm never leaving my room again!" which lasted until the next fall, when she was once again Queen Bee'ing her way around town. This time, though, she was running in "older" circles with a more sophisticated crowd. By June of 1919, Daisy was married to Tom, whose massive wealth probably helped with the proposal. BUT, Jordan saw Daisy the night before her wedding, completely drunk. She was waving a letter about in the air and saying she's "chang' her mine!" which is drunk Daisy for "I don't want to marry Tom because I still love Gatsby and also Tom's kind of a jerk and potentially abusive." Apparently Jordan failed to deliver Daisy's sloshed message, because by the following April, in 1920, Daisy had given birth to a little girl. Daisy, it seemed, was crazy about her husband by the time she got back from the honeymoon. We'll let you speculate about why. Whether Tom felt the same way about Daisy is up for grabs, since shortly after their honeymoon it is suggested that he was fooling around with a hotel maid. Also, Daisy doesn't drink. Well, at least since that wedding eve incident. Jordan continues the story. Six weeks ago, when Daisy first heard of Gatsby again, she started to ask questions and realized it was the man she had loved so long ago. That's it for Jordan's history of Daisy. Jordan then explains to Nick that Gatsby only bought his house so he would be near Daisy. She also proposes Gatsby's plan: that Nick invite Daisy over for tea (without Tom) and then have Gatsby casually drop by. Nick says, "Sure, but let's stop talking about them so we can make out." Roughly speaking.

Chapter 1

We meet our narrator. Hello, narrator! First thing he does is pass along some of his father's advice: "Whenever you feel like criticizing anyone, just remember that all the people in this world haven't had the advantages that you've had" (1.2). Great, we love a book that begins with a lecture. We learn that our narrator is non-judgmental. As a result, people tell him their life stories like he's a bartender on Cheers. We find out that he is "a Carraway," which apparently means that he's got wealth and class. And he went to Yale. Ooh, fancy. This Carraway fellow introduces us to the setting: New York City and the twin villages of West Egg and East Egg in Long Island. Please note that West Egg, where Carraway lives, is not as fancy-shmancy as East Egg. But it's still pretty fancy-shmancy compared to the rest of the world. On this "less fashionable" Egg, Nick Carraway lives next to a huge mansion inhabited by a mysterious Mr. Gatsby. More on him later. By the way, Nick Carraway is "bond man." Not, like, posting bail, but trading stocks and bonds. In other words, he's a stockbroker/ financier type. (Click the summary infographic to download.) Nick heads over to East Egg to have dinner with Daisy, his second cousin once removed, and her husband, Tom Buchanan, an old college buddy. The Buchanans have tons of money, and Nick likes to tell us all about it. We see that Tom is a rather large and "aggressive" former football player. In other words, this guy is not the sensitive, lyric-writing type. We then meet two women dressed in white - Daisy, of course, and her friend, Jordan Baker. Daisy and Tom have a child, who spends the majority of her two-year-old time sleeping in the other room. How convenient. When, in friendly cocktail conversation, Nick casually mentions Gatsby, Daisy gets particularly interested. In general, Daisy spends Chapter 1 being happy and excited about life and having a bruise that Tom accidentally gave her. There's also talk of the peculiar qualities of her excited little voice. The following is a rather dramatic scene: Tom gets a phone call, Daisy freaks out and goes to yell at him, and Jordan reveals that Tom is messing around on the side. Not only that, but he's messing around with a woman tactless enough to call his house all the time to ask what's up. We get the feeling that the tactless bit is the real problem. Daisy comes back and talks about when her daughter was born: Tom wasn't there, and she wished that her daughter would be a "beautiful little fool"—i.e., too dumb to know any better. It turns out that Jordan is an athlete (golf). Nick feels like he's heard about her before, but he can't remember the story. You guess it: more on that later. Daisy then jokes about Jordan and Nick getting together. LOL! When Nick finally gets home to West Egg, he notices that his neighbor, Mr. Gatsby, is out chilling on the lawn and maybe contemplating the addition of some plastic flamingoes to his "blue lawn." Why is the lawn always blue? Good question. Except that Gatsby is not just chilling and thinking about flamingoes. He stares across the water at a lone green light before stretching his arm out towards it oh-so-symbolically.

(1) a war metal (2) a photo from his days at Oxford University

What are the two pieces of evidence Gatsby shows to Nick to prove that the life story he tells Nick is true?

He has human molars for cufflinks.

What is unusual about Meyer Wolfsheim's clothes?

Expedient

adj. Useful for some purpose; convenient. n. A means employed to bring about a certain result. if the word convenient works, its probably convenient

Many of uncle sayed's stories are _____________ but we enjoy hearing them

apocryphal

The high priests possessed ______________ knowledge denied to ordinary Romans

arcane

fatalistic

believing that all events in life are inevitable and determined by fate

What sport is featured?

bullfighting

Meyer Wolfsheim

a Jewish man who supposedly "fixed" the 1919 World Series. is business partner of gatsby. is connection that links gatsby to illegal behavior

numismatist

a coin collector

the Valley of Ashes

a giant trash-burning operation in between the "Eggs" and New York City

George Wilson

a mechanic; Myrtle's husband. weak. feminine. clueless. submissive, tom's mechanic. foil of tom. poor. tom has an affair with his wife

Jay Gatsby

a mysterious young man who throws incredible parties and lives in a mansion next door to Nick. new money, but acts like old money

paucity

a scarcity, lack

epigram

a witty saying expressing a single thought or observation

Imperturbable

adj. Calm and assured

Apocryphal

adj. Of dubious authenticity or origin, spurious. Not sure if it is serious. Spurious is we definitely know its fake Apocryphal is we're not sure, seems pretty sketchy

Arcane

adj. Understood by only a few; mysterious

What symbolizes passion?

bulls

Nick Carraway

the reliable narrator of the novel; came East to work in the bond business. went to school w/ tom. observant, but not judging. hardworking, comes from old money

Plot Elements

the sequence of events in a story: exposition, conflict, rising action, climax, falling action, resolution

1922

the year the events of the novel take place

the eyes of Dr. T. J. Eckleburg

these eyes look out over the Valley of Ashes

obtrude

to force oneself into a situation uninvited

alienate

to turn away feelings or affections

lackadaisical

uninterested; listless

Mortify

v. To embarrass or humiliate.

Exude

v. To flow out slowly; to ooze or emit.

Gesticulate

v. To motion energetically with the body or limbs.

Vacillate

v. To move back and forth from lack of balance; waver. To alternate indecisively between opinions or courses of action.

Reiterate

v. To say over again; to repeat.

Convene

v. To summon or cause to assemble.

Juan will _____________ for hours over whether to stay or go

vacillate

Charlotte's determination to take part in the event slowly began to __________

waver

Correct uses of mortify

when i went to pay the check, i was mortified to discover that i had no money the mortified professor realized too late that she had given her students the wrong exam It does not work in: Fortunately, the dog was not __________ when the car struck it

A reconteur is a person who is skilled at deceiving others.

who is skilled at telling a story.

Which war is the elephant in the room?

wwi