English Poetry and Hamlet

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spondee

/ /

trochee

/ u

dactyl

/ u u

villanova

19 lines of any length divided into six stanzas: five tercets (rhyming aba) and a quatrain (rhyming abaa)

sestina

39 lines divided into six sestets and a tercet (called an envoy because it forms the concluding three lines to a poem). Usually is don't rhyme and has no metrical requirements. The end words (rhyming position words) of the 1st sestet end the lines in a different order of the other sestets. They also end the envoy, but only three can so the other three words just occur somewhere in the envoy.

lyric

a form of short, first person poetry that conveys the speaker's thoughts and emotions (although these are, of course, not necessarily the feelings of the poet)l Sonnets, elegies, sestines, and odes can all be forms of lyric.

sonnet

a poem comprised of 14 iambic pentameter lines that match content, stanza structure, and rhyme to shape its message

diction

a poet's overall choice of words, phrases, and sometimes sentence structures that are used to construction meaning

denotation

a process of diction whereby the only meaning indicated is the direct, dictionary meaning of the term

connotation

a process of diction whereby the suggested, associated meaning of a word is given prominence in the poem

slant rhyme

a rhyme that is not exact but that has a somewhat similar vowel sounds

internal rhyme

a rhyme that occurs when the primary rhyme sound at the end of the line also occurs with another word at some other part of the same line

assonance

an exact repetition of vowel sounds with differing surrounding consonants

metrical foot

an example of a metrical pattern

scansion

analysis of verse into metrical patterns

meter

arranging the stress and unstress, using certain words to get a certain rhythm

heroic couplet

couplet written in iambic pantameter

apostrophe

direct address to an inanimate object or absent person

octameter

eight feet

end rhyme

exact replication of sounds occurring at the end of the lines in more than one line in a poem

accent/stress

extra emphasis that certain syllables get over others in certain pronunciation

eye rhyme

fake rhyme when two words look as though they should rhyme because they have a similar spelling, but they don't

tone

feeling, attitude, or emotion that specific, important words in a poem build for the reader in order to convey the speaker in the poem's attitude toward its subject

pentameter

five feet

tetrameter

four feet

stanza

group of lines in a poem, usually separate from other lines

terza rima

interlocking tercet structure with an aba bcb cdc, ded, etc rhyme scheme

imagery

language in a poem that evokes sensory perception and adds vibrancy and life-like experience into the poem in a way that also may help convey an espect of a theme in the poem.

rhythm

noting the emphasis on the stress between syllables

monometer

one foot

petrarchan

one octave and a sestet that rhymes abbaabba cdcdcd. The octave presents a problem, and the sestet answers or comments upon it

ode

poem written in honor of someone or something. It's characterized by a lofty feeling of depth, feeling and expression. A characteristic from classical times is a variation in stanza structure with the ode, though this is not always the case.

alliteration

repetition of initial consonant sounds from one word to others

couplet

set of two rhyming lines

heptameter

seven feet

hexameter

six feet

rhyme scheme

the pattern of the rhyme in a poem

consonance

the repetition of exact consonant sounds with differing vowel sounds

trimeter

three feet

shakespearian

three quatrains and a couplet that rhymes abab cdcd efef gg. They present a problem situation, and the couplet resolves it

dimeter

two feet

elegy

type of poem with no fixed structure; lyric poem used to pay homage and honor someone who has died. Serious diction and contemplative/meditative ton.

iamb

u /

pyrrhic

u u

anapest

u u /


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