English Semester 1 Exam

EXAMPLE: 30 (26 personal pronouns)

-you -it -our -your -its -ours -yours -they -you -them -your -their -yours -theirs -he -I -him -me -his -my -she -mine -her -we -hers -us

Category A: an adverb that modifies an action verb.

EX: She sang beautifully at the concert. (beautifully is modifying sang) (the question is how?) (beautifully is the adverb / sang is the action verb)

Category B: adverb modifying an adjective.

EX: The jacket was to short for Justin. (to modifies short) (the question is twe?) (was is the linking verb)

EXAMPLE: 24 (indirect object before the direct object)

Lucas sent Drew a new baseball. (Lucas is the subject) (sent is the action verb) (Drew is the indirect object) (baseball is the direct object)

EXAMPLE: 20 (verb phrase)

Maya will drive me to work. (will drive is the verb phrase)

EXAMPLE: 21 (split verb phrase)

Maya will not drive me to work. (will drive is the verb phrase)

What does this story reveal about conflicts that can exist: from generation to generation? Did any details in your Quick write notes relate to the problems that existed between Elise and her mother? Explain. ("The Opportunity" by: John Cheever)

Sometimes parents want their children to become what they want rather than what the child wants.

EXAMPLE: 3 (participial phrase)

The crowd (listening modifies crowd) , listening (participle) [to the storyteller] (participial phrase) , was (verb) spellbound.

EXAMPLE: 36 (gerund as noun as APPOS)

The sport, swimming, is very enjoyable. (swimming is the gerund appositive) (swimming identifies sport in the sentence)

Identify the story's central conflict, and tell what causes it. What does the main character desire, and what blocks her from achieving it? ("Two Kinds" by: Amy Tan)

The story's main conflict is man VS man; that is Jing-mei and what she want to do in life VS what her mom wants her to become in life.

EXAMPLE: 42 (infinitive used as N as PN)

The team's desire was to win. (to win is the infinitive as noun as pronoun) (was is the linking verb)

A __________________ character changes during the story while a ____________ character remains the same throughout.

dynamic static

A gerund used as N as OP has to _______ _________ ___________________ ____________.

end the prepositional phrase

Characters can be ______________/__________ ______ ______________/_____________.

static flat or dynamic round

PN and PA are ___________________ _____________________.

subject complements

There are subordinating conjunctions and those actually begin or start a subordinate clause.

-when -while -because -after -if -until -unless -before -as if -as long as -as far as

Interrogative pronouns "ask questions". There are 5 interrogative pronouns:

-who -whose -whom -which -what

Predicate is a fancy word for __________.

verb

______________ _____________ is the action in a story or play that is the logical result of the climax.

Falling action

___________ is the time and place of a story.

Setting

In order to find the ____________ ___________ in the sentence you can use the 3 way test.

direct object

Sometimes there will be both _______________ ______________ and _____________ _____________ in sentences.

direct objects indirect objects

PN=

rename

We use pronouns in our everyday speaking and writing, so that we are not ________________.

repetitive

The ________________ is the part of the plot that comes after the falling action. It reveals or suggests the outcome of the conflict.

resolution

Sometimes verb phrases can be ___________ or ____________________ in sentences.

split separated

EXAMPLE: 2 (participles)

-Ella baked (verb) a delicious ham. -The baked (verbal participle) ham belongs to Ella.

EXAMPLE: 5 (interjections with a exclamation mark)

-Help! -Ugh! -Psssst! -Fire! -Hooray! -Whatever! -Ouch! -Yes!

EXAMPLE: 14 (adverb or preposition)

-Linda fell down. (down is the adverb) -Linda fell down the stairs. (down the stairs is the prepositional phrase) (down is the preposition)

EXAMPLE: 18 (action verbs or linking verbs)

-Mrs. Tammy tasted the sweet apple pie. (tasted is the action verb) -The apple pie tastes very sweet. (tastes is the linking verb)

CIPs (singular/plural):

-all -any -most -none -some

There are 23 common helping verbs.

-am -does -will -are -did -would -is -came -may -was -could -might -were -shall -must -be -has -being -had -been -have -do -should

There are 7 coordinating conjunctions that come in singles.

-and -or -for -so -but -yet -nor

CIPs (singular):

-anyone -everything -anybody -someone -anything -somebody -everyone -something -everybody -nothing

There are 12 additional linking verbs.

-appear -become -feel -grow -look -remain -seem -smell -sound -stay -taste -turn

CIPs (plural):

-both -few -many -several

The 8 extra CIPs that are singular are:

-each -either -neither -one -another -other -no one -nobody

EXAMPLE: 12 (compound prepositions)

-in front of -prior to -in back of -according to -because of -in addition to -ahead of -apart from -instead of -on top of -in place of -in view of -in lien of -next to

Participles are easy to find in sentences because they end in the following:

-ing -ed -en -n -t -d -e

Reflexive and intensive pronouns are the same words, but are used differently in sentences. For example:

-myself -herself -himself -yourself -itself -ourselves -yourselves -themselves

There are 5 correlative conjunctions, and they come in pairs.

-neither, nor -either, or -whether, or -both, and -not only, but also

Anytime a word ends in one of the following suffixes, then that word is considered a noun.

-ness -ment -ance -ence -tion

Most words, (but not all), that end in the suffix "ly" are adverbs. Here are some examples:

-not -seldom -yet -never -here -very -there -rather -anywhere -now -no where -too -somewhere -so -everywhere -today -ever -tomorrow -again -yesterday -already

EXAMPLE: 11 (prepositions)

-of -to -along -act -inside -above -about -toward -with -in -off -until -against -on -among -aboard -onto -by -beside -out -between -with in -through -into -after -throughout -beneath -behind -up -below -down -during -without

Demonstrative pronouns "point out" or they "show". There are 4 demonstrative pronouns:

-this -that -these -those

To + a verb is an infinitive. ex:

-to laugh -to cry -to speak -to write

There are 3 positions of adjectives in a sentence.

1st. or usual positions of adjectives in a sentence. (before the noun or pronoun) 2nd. position is after the noun or pronoun in the sentence. 3rd. position is after the linking verb.

What is a conjunction?

A conjunction is a word that connects words, phrases, or sentences.

What is a gerund?

A gerund is a verbal. In other words, a gerund looks like a verb but acts like a noun.

What is a linking verb?

A linking verb is a verb that does not show action. A linking verb links the subject to another word to another word in the sentence; the other word either renames(pn) or describes(pa) the subject.

What is a noun?

A noun is a word that names a person, place, or thing, or idea.

What is a participial phrase?

A participial phrase is a participle with its modifiers and complements acting as a single participle to modify nouns and pronouns.

What is a participle?

A participle is a verbal that is used as an adjective.

What is a preposition?

A preposition is a word that shows a relationship between a noun and a pronoun and another noun or pronoun in the same sentence.

What is a prepositional phrase?

A prepositional phrase is a group of words that begins with a preposition and ends with a noun or pronoun which we call an object.

What is a pronoun antecedent?

A pronoun antecedent is the word that the pronoun refers to in the sentence.

What is a pronoun?

A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun.

What is a verb?

A verb is a word that shows action. Not all verbs, however, show action.

What is a verb phrase?

A verb phrase is a group of words that consist of one or more helping verbs plus a main verb.

What is a verbal?

A verbal is a word that looks like a verb but it acts as another part of speech.

A gerund used as N as PN will come __________ ____ ____________ __________.

AFTER a linking verb

A gerund used a N as DO will come __________ _____ ____________ __________.

AFTER an action verb

A gerund used as N as IO will come _________ _____ _____________ _______ ________ ________________ ______ _______.

AFTER an action verb and BEFORE the DO

______________ - is a brief reference to a person, event, or place , real or fictitious, or to a work of art. These references, which a reader is expected to know, may be drawn from myth, literature, history, religion, or any aspect of ancient or modern culture.

Allusion

What is an adjective?

An adjective is a word that modifies or describes a noun or pronoun.

What is an adverb?

An adverb is a modifier just like an adjective. Remember, modifiers describe or modify other parts of speech.

What is an infinitive?

An infinitive is a verbal that can be used in 3 different ways.

What is an interjection?

An interjection is a word that shows strong feeling or emotion.

__________________ - is the character or force against which the protagonist is in conflict.

Antagonist

How does Jing-mei feel about her mother's plans for her? ("Two Kinds" by: Amy Tan)

At first, Jing-mei is on board with what her mom wants for her, but as the mom adds things for her to do, Jing-mei becomes frustrated and resentful.

EXAMPLE: 28 (proper nouns)

Burger King, Ascension Catholic, Mrs. Connie

You _______________ find the PN or PA in a prepositional phrase.

CANNOT

___________ are the people or animals in a story.

Character

_____________________ is the way an author describes or presents his character.

Characterization

______________ of a story is the point of greatest interest or suspense. Usually the climax comes at the turning point in a story or drama.

Climax

EXAMPLE: 25 (pronoun referring to an antecedent)

Cody ate his lunch. (Cody is the antecedent) (his is the pronoun)

_______________ is a clash or struggles can be internal (inside) or external (outside).

Conflict

Why does Elise decide she does not want to be in the play? ("The Opportunity" by: John Cheever)

Elise decides not to be in the play because she said "It sticks," meaning she thought it was horrible!

What opportunities are offered to Elise and her mother? What do they do with these opportunities? ("The Opportunity" by: John Cheever)

Elise is offered a chance to have a career in acting. She is to star in the lead roll in a broad way play. This will bring money to her and her mom. Also her mom will have a chance to retire. Elise turns down the roll and therefore the mother has to accept Elise's decision in spite of how she really feels.

________________________ - is an interruption of the narrative or story to show an episode that happened before that particular point in the story. It can shed light on characters and events of the present by providing background information.

Flashback

EXAMPLE: 16 (proper adjective)

Ford (Ford is the proper noun) ; Ford Truck (Ford is the adjective but the proper adjective)

______________________ - is a hint given to the reader of what is to come. It helps create suspense and convince the reader of the inevitability of the story's outcome.

Foreshadowing

EXAMPLE: 13 (prepositional phrase)

Grant went [to the new shopping center.] (to it the prep. / center is the obj. which is a noun) (new and shopping are adjectives)

EXAMPLE: 41 (infinitive used as N as DO)

He likes to eat. (to eat is the infinitive as noun as direct object) (likes is the action verb)

EXAMPLE: 43 (infinitive used as N as OP)

He was about to fight. (to fight is the infinitive as noun as object of the preposition) (about to fight is the prepositional phrase)

EXAMPLE: 38 (infinitive used as an ADJ)

I am looking for something to read. (to read is the infinitive adjective / something is a pronoun) (to read is identifying something)

________________ - is the sensory details in a literary work. Whether literal or figurative, an image provides vividness and immediacy, evoking in the reader a complex of emotional suggestions.

Imagery

What future do you predict for Elise and her mother ---- will Elise continue to try for the stage? Discuss your responses. ("The Opportunity" by: John Cheever)

In general, the mom will probably retire her sectary job and Elise will probably follow in her foot steps.

______________ struggles are within the mind of the character while _____________ struggles may be the character against another person, nature society.

Internal external

__________ is used to describe a contrast between what appears to be and what really; the opposite of what you expect.

Irony

How do you think other children might respond to the pressure to become a prodigy? What inferences can you make about Jing-mei's character traits from her response to her mother's pressure? ("Two Kinds" by: Amy Tan)

Its okay to push and encourage our children, but parents cannot live their lives through their children have to live their own lives for better or worse.

EXAMPLE: 22 (action to a receiver)

Jackson hit the ball. (Jackson is the subject) (hit is the action verb) (ball is the direct object)

EXAMPLE: 23 (intransitive verb)

Jackson threw quickly. (Jackson is the subject) (threw is the action verb) (It is intransitive because you can't ask who/what Jackson threw.)

What does Jing-mei's mother want for her daughter? ("Two Kinds" by: Amy Tan)

Jing-mei's mother wants her daughter, Jing-mei, to be a "prodigy."

What does Jing-mei say to hurt her mother in their last struggle over piano lessons? ("Two Kinds" by: Amy Tan)

Jing-mei, in her last struggle with her mom over the piano lessons really hurts her mom by telling her, "I wish I was dead like the babies you lost!"

___________ - confined to a single character's perceptions.

Limited

__________ - is the overall climate of a work, as created by choice of setting, objects, details, images, and the sounds and connotations of words.

Mood

EXAMPLE: 32 (gerund as noun as PN)

My favorite pastime is swimming. (swimming is the gerund pronoun)

Linking verbs do __________ show action.

NOT

EXAMPLE: 35 (gerund as noun as OP)

Noah does not think about swimming. (about swimming is the prepositional phrase) (swimming is the gerund object of the preposition)

EXAMPLE: 34 (gerund as noun as IO)

Noah gives swimming a try. (Noah is the subject) (gives is the action verb) (swimming is the gerund indirect object) (try is the direct object)

EXAMPLE: 33 (gerund as noun as DO)

Noah likes swimming. (likes is the action verb) (swimming is the gerund direct object)

___________ - describing only what can be seen, like a camera.

Objective

____________ - to see into the minds of all the characters.

Omniscient

There will never be a mixture of _______ and _______ in the same sentence.

PN PA

__________ is the sequence of events that take place in a story.

Plot

_________ _____ __________ is the view or angle or vantage point from which the author presents the characters and events in a story; the view or angle from which a story is told.

Point of view

EXAMPLE: 1 (verbals)

Present: walk Past: walked Present participle: is walking Past participle: has been walking Future: will walk -She is walking (verb) to the store. -The walking (verbal participle) cane belongs to my grandmother.

_________________ - is the central character in a literary work.

Protagonist

What happens when Jing-mei plays the piano in front of an audience? ("Two Kinds" by: Amy Tan)

She messed up terribly, hitting one wrong note after the other.

______________ _________________ is the part of the story in which complications are added to the problems of the story in order to increase reader interest.

Rising action

A gerund is used as N as SUBJ when it comes in the front part of the sentence BEFORE the verb. It does NOT matter if the verb is action or linking. That gerund must be the _____________ of the sentence.

SUBJ

EXAMPLE: 31 (gerund as noun as SUBJ)

Swimming is my favorite pastime. (swimming is the gerund subject)

______________ - is something used to represent something else. In literature the term _____________ usually refers to a concrete image used to designate an abstract quality or concept.

Symbol symbol

On page 89, the writer refers to "the dark continent of adolescence." What do you think Cheever means by this unusual comparison? Do you think it is an accurate ---- or fair ---- description? ("The Opportunity" by: John Cheever)

That dark continent is when teenagers feel isolated, moody, and nobody understands them. Yes, that's fair.

Category C: an adverb modifying another adverb.

The boy ran very quickly to the store. (quickly modifies ran / very modifies quickly) (the question is twe?) (very and quickly are the adverbs) (ran in the action verb)

Why might Jing-mei's mother want her to keep playing piano even after her disastrous performance? What kind of daughter does she really want Jing-mei to be? ("Two Kinds" by: Amy Tan)

The mother kept pushing and wanting her daughter to continue playing the piano because she really believed Jing-mei to be a respectable, obedient, dutiful daughter.

Why do you think Mrs. Wilson was so upset --- even depressed --- about the pictures on Elise's wall? What might these pictures reveal about Elise's character? ("The Opportunity" by: John Cheever)

The mother was upset about the pictures on Elise's wall because there was no "connection" between them. Those pictures tell the reader that she had a variety of interests in life. And she could be creative.

______________ is the main or central idea of a story; the author's message to the reader; the lesson to be learned; the underlying meaning of literary work.

Theme

EXAMPLE: 39 (infinitive used as an ADV)

This tool is easy to use. (to use is the infinitive adverb / easy is the adjective) (is is a linking verb) (to use is identifying easy)

EXAMPLE: 40 (infinitive used as N as SUBJ)

To eat is my main goal. (To eat is infinitive as noun as subject) (is is the linking verb)

__________ - is the author's attitude towards his or her subject and audience. _________, which may be stated directly or implied, conveys the emotional meaning of work. It may be revealed by the author's word choice, the details included, or the arrangement of ideas and descriptions.

Tone Tone

What inferences can you make about the mother's motivation for pushing Jing-mei to be a prodigy? Consider: -the mother's life in China -her life in America ("Two Kinds" by: Amy Tan)

We can infer that the "mother" only wanted the best for Jing-mei so that's why, she pushed and motivated her. The mom wanted her to have those opportunities that she never had.

EXAMPLE: 4 (interjections with a comma)

Well, I might come.

What action of Elise's reveals the true nature of her character? Explain. ("The Opportunity" by: John Cheever)

When Elise turns down the roll in the play, she shows us she's an independent, principled, and assertive person.

EXAMPLE: 6 (subordinating clause)

[When (subordinating conjunction) the bell rings], [you may leave]. (when the bell rings is the subordinating clause) (you may leave is the independent clause)

There are two basic points of view and these are:

a. 1st person POV - in which the story may be related by a character (I, me, my) b. 3rd person POV - in which the story may be related by a narrator who does not participate int the action. (him, she, her, his, they, them) c. Further, the 3rd person narrator may present a point of view that is omniscient, limited, or objective

There are 4 questions we can use to help us find adjectives in a sentence.

a. How many? b. How much? c. What kind? d. Which one(s)?

EXAMPLE: 7 (conjunctions that connect words in a sentence)

a. Mary and Paul left the meeting. (and is the conjunction) (Mary and Paul are the nouns) b. I like you but not him. (but is the conjunction) (you and him are the pronouns) c. The sweater was beautiful but short. (but is the conjunction) (beautiful and short are the adjectives) d. He drive slowly and carefully. (and is the conjunction) (slowly and carefully are the adverbs)

EXAMPLE: 26 (reflexive or intensive pronouns)

a. Mary gave herself a pedicure. (herself is reflexive) b. I, myself do not like apple pie. (myself is intensive)

EXAMPLE: 19 (subject complements with linking verbs)

a. Mike is the captain of our ship. (Mike is the subject) (is is the linking verb) (captain is the predicate nominative) (of our ship is the prepositional phrase) b. Mike is very nervous today. (Mike is the subject) (is is the linking verb) (nervous is the predicate adjective)

EXAMPLE: 17 (compound adjectives)

a. My mom made home-made bread. (home-made is the compound adjective / bread is the noun) (home-made modifies bread) b. He admired the blue-eyed blonde on the beach. (blue-eyed is the compound adjective / blonde is the noun) (blue-eyed modifies blonde)

EXAMPLE: 8 (conjunctions connecting phrases)

a. The cat ran [into the house] and [under the bed.] (and is the coordinating conjunction) (into the house is the prepositional phrase) (under the bed is the prepositional phrase) b. She [did talk] and [did walk] for the first time after surgery. (and is the coordinating conjunction) (did talk is the verb phrase) (did walk is the verb phrase)

EXAMPLE: 15 (positions of adjectives)

a. The old man sat on the new bench. (old is the adjective / old modifies man) (new is the adjective / new modifies bench) b. The dog wet and sad, whined during the night. (wet and sad are the adjectives / wet and sad modify dog) c. The pizza is very spicy. (spicy is the adjective / spicy modifies pizza) (is is the linking verb)

EXAMPLE: 10 (prepositional phrases, conjunctions, and interjections)

a. They will meet you and Sam [at Pete's Restaurant] [around 8 o'clock.] (at is the prep. / Pete's Restaurant is the obj. which is a noun) (around is the prep. / o'clock is the obj. which is a noun) (and is the coordinating conjunction) b.Hey! Stop that singing and dancing [in my classroom.] (in is the prep. / classroom is the obj. which is a noun) (and is the coordinating conjunction) (Hey! is the interjection) c. I will leave this auditorium [by early evening] before Sam arrives. (by is the prep. / evening is the obj.) (before is the subordinating conjunction) d. Either you or I will address these envelopes [with Ms. Simpson.] (with is the prep. / Ms. Simpson is the obj. which is a noun) (either/or is the correlative conjunction) e. Hey Sam! Can you come over here and help me [with these Christmas decorations?] (with is the prep. / Christmas decorations is the obj. which is a noun) (Hey Sam! is the interjection)

EXAMPLE: 9 (conjunctions connecting sentences)

a. [Andrew want home early], for [he was sick with a virus.] ( , for is the coordinating conjunction connecting the sentences) b. [Owen went to the game], but [his brother went home.] ( , but is the coordinating conjunction connecting the sentences) c. [Unless Charles does his homework], [he cannot leave the house.] (Unless is the subordinating conjunction connecting the sentences)

The reader can learn about characters in several ways:

a. by his/her actions or behavior b. by what he/she says or doesn't say c. by his/her emotions or feelings d. by his/her appearance e. by what others say or feel about a character

Compound nouns can be written 3 ways:

a. combined - ex: flashlight b. separated - ex: police office c. hyphenated - ex: brother-in-law

There are 4 basic kinds of nouns:

a. common - names any person, place, or thing b. proper - names a specific person, place, or thing c. collective - names or refers to a group d. compound - consists of two or more words

There are 3 kinds of conjunctions.

a. coordinating (7) b. correlative (5) c. subordinating (many)

There are 5 steps in a good plot and they are:

a. exposition b. rising action c. climax d. falling action e. resolution

We can use the following 4 questions to help us find adverbs in a sentence:

a. how? b. when? c. where? d. to what extent?

The 3 way test:

a. locate the verb (action) b. ask who or what to get the subject c. ask who or what to get the DO

Use the 4 way test to find the indirect object in the sentence.

a. locate the verb (action) b. ask who or what to get the subject c. ask who or what to get the direct object d. ask to whom or for whom ~> or to what or for what to get the indirect object

The three basic kinds of conflict are:

a. man VS man b. man VS himself c. man VS nature

A gerund is used in all the ways a noun is used:

a. noun used as subject of the sentence b. noun used as pronoun (PN) c. noun used as direct object (DO) d. noun used as indirect object (IO) e. noun used as object of the preposition (OP) f. noun used as appositive (APP)

There are three kinds of verbals.

a. participles and participial phrases b. gerunds and gerund phrases c. infinitive and infinitive phrases

There are 5 kinds of pronouns:

a. personal pronouns (26) b. reflexive pronouns (8) c. common indefinite (19) d. demonstrative (4) e. interrogative (5)

Other kinds of nouns are:

a. singular - ex: boy, child b. plural - ex: boys, children c. abstract - ex: love, kindness, loyalty d. concrete - ex: chair, pencil, table e. possessive - ex: Tom's , Tristen's

An infinitive can be used in these 3 ways:

a. used as adjective b. used as adverb c. used as noun (as SUBJ, PN, DO, OP)

There are 3 basic kinds of irony:

a. verbal irony - is saying one thing but meaning something else b. situational irony - occurs when events turn out contrary to what is expected or what seems appropriate c. dramatic irony - occurs when the reader or viewer knows more about the actual situation than the speaker or characters do

Transitive simply means that the subject sends the ___________ to a receiver.

action

The same word can be __________ in one sentence, but be _____________ in another.

action linking

Unlike the adjective, (which modifies a noun or pronoun), the ____________ modifies an action verb, an adjective, or another adverb.

adverb

The same word can be an _____________ in one sentence but can be an ____________ in another sentence.

adverb adjective

We can easily find ____________ in a sentence if we know what they are modifying. Therefore, we can use the 3 categories (A, B, and C)

adverbs

Prepositional phrases can be ________ _____ ________ in the same sentence.

back to back

The indirect object will always come ___________ the direct object when they are both in the same sentence.

before

Proper nouns are so easy to identify or find in sentences because they are always ___________________.

capitalized

Sometimes a ____________ might be used in place of an exclamation mark because you're not showing strong feeling.

comma

There are _______________ __________________ ______________, they refer to other people. CIPs are not as personal as the personal pronouns.

common indefinite pronouns

There are also _________________ adjectives.

compound

You can have a ________________ _______ in the same sentence; you can have a ________________ _______ in the same sentence.

compound PN compound PA

There are some pronouns that can be used as adjectives in sentences.

demonstrative pronouns: this, that, these, those interrogative pronouns: which, whose, what common indefinite pronouns: both, few, many, several, all, any, most, none, some, each, either, neither, another, one, other

Modify is the same thing as ____________.

describes

PA=

describes

EXAMPLE: 27 (common nouns)

desk, restaurant, boy, teacher

An ______________ ____________ is the punctuation that usually follows the interjection.

exclamation mark

An ___________________ is the author's introduction of the characters, setting , and situation of a story.

exposition

There can NEVER be an ____________ _____________ in the sentence without a direct object.

indirect object

The only ending for a gerund is "__________."

ing

A verb is "______________" if it does NOT have a direct object.

intransitive

Subject complements only deal with ___________ verbs.

linking

The 23 common helping verbs can also be used as ___________ ____________.

linking verbs

There can be ______________ within a prepositional phrase they just can't end a prepositional phrase.

modifiers

A gerund used as N as APPOS will be the second noun (when two nouns are back to back) and that second noun which is the APPOS, will identify the _________ directly in front of it.

noun

Nominative means __________ or _____________.

noun pronoun

The part of speech of a DO is either a _________ or ______________.

noun pronoun

The part of speech of a direct object and indirect object will either be ____________ or _______________.

noun pronoun

CIPs refer to ________________ _______________, they are not personal like the 26 personal pronouns.

other people

Unlike the adjective, the adverb has no set _____________ in sentences.

position

EXAMPLE: 29 (collective nouns)

staff, flock, school, band, team, family, committee, jury, bunch, community, squad, herd, crew, tribe, navy, marines, swarm, colony

PA means ___________________ _____________________.

predicate adjective.

PN means ___________________ ____________________.

predicate nominative.

The same word that is used as a _____________ in one sentence can be used as an _____________ in another sentence.

preposition adverb

Do NOT confuse an infinitive with a ____________________ _________________.

prepositional phrase

There can be more than one ________________ ______________ in the same sentence.

prepositional phrase

You can NEVER find the direct object and the indirect object in a _____________________ ______________.

prepositional phrase

EXAMPLE: 37 (prepositional phrase or infinitive)

prepositional phrase: He goes to school. (to school is a prepositional phrase / school is the noun) infinitive: He likes to eat. (to eat is the infinitive / eat is the verb)

A proper adjective also describes. A proper adjective actually comes from a __________ ___________.

proper noun

Reflexive pronouns are easy to identify in sentences because they end in ________ or ____________. There are 8 of them.

self selves

There are 26 personal pronouns. These personal pronouns refer to _______________ _______________.

specific people

A _____________ may be directly stated, but more often is implied.

theme

A verb is "______________" if it has a direct object.

transitive