English Unit 3

What is chronological structure? Unit 3.1

A good idea when it's important to arrange events in the order in which they happened. For example, if a prompt asks you to tell a narrative or recall the plot of a book, this would work best.

What is problem- solution structure? Unit 3.1

A problem-solution structure is useful any time the writing task asks you to define a problem and offer a solution.

What is the author's purpose? Unit 3.2

Author's reason of writing. If you were writing a text or email to a friend, you might use a more informal style. A more formal style would be appropriate if you were informing your class and your teacher about a particular subject matter.

What is a conjunctive adverb? Unit 3.6

Conjunctive adverbs, such as however, therefore, also, and instead, show the relationship between two complete sentences with equally important ideas. Example: Gemma liked panda bears; however, she thought koala bears were adorable too. I often struggle at math; however, I am really good at spelling. These two sentences convey equally important ideas, so they are joined with the conjunctive adverb however.

What are the coordinating conjunctions? Unit 3.6

Coordinating conjunction, such as for, and, nor, but, or, yet, and so, are used between two ideas of equal importance. Example: Julio plays soccer and the guitar. It's the beginning of the school year so it's time to choose extracurricular activities. "The beginning of the school year" and "time to choose extracurricular activities" are equal ideas joined by the coordinating conjunction so.

What is the second step in the writing process? Unit 3.1

Drafting. The writing part — getting your thoughts down on paper. This is not the final draft of your essay, so it's a good idea to try out ideas here to see if they fit into your essay.

What is the fourth step in the writing process? Unit 3.1

Editing. Involves looking for typos and errors in your spelling and grammar. This is also called proofreading. This step is when you polish your writing and get it ready for your audience.

What is formal language? Unit 3.2

Follows the rules of proper vocabulary and grammar. Is what you use for academic papers like essays

What is a hook? Unit 3.4

Grabs the reader's attention and makes him or her want to continue reading. The hook captures the reader's attention and makes him or her want to keep reading.

What are examples for introductory phrases? Unit 3.6

Introductory phrases, such as for example and for instance, show that the information that follows is an example of the idea expressed in the previous sentence. Example: On a summer day, it's nice to have cold treats. For example, frozen yogurt is cool and refreshing.

What is an introductory phase? Unit 3.6

Introductory phrases, such as for example, on the other hand, and as a result, establish a relationship between two ideas. Example: The bus was five minutes early. As a result, Gerald missed the bus.

What is cause and effect in introductory phrases? Unit 3.6

Introductory phrases, such as for this reason and as a result, show that the information that follows is caused by the idea expressed in the previous sentence. Example: Dalton is afraid of sharks. For this reason, he refuses to swim in the ocean.

What is a contrast in introductory phrases? Unit 3.6

Introductory phrases, such as on the other hand, show that the information that follows will contrast with the idea expressed in the previous sentence. Example: I like peanut butter and tomato sandwiches. On the other hand, my friend Debra thinks they are disgusting.

What is informal language? Unit 3.2

It does not follow the rules of grammar and is more conversational. Usually used for things like emails or notes to friends.

What is the restatement of thesis? Unit 3.5

Part of the conclusion paragraph. The first sentence of a conclusion paragraph should restate the thesis statement using different wording. This reminds the reader of the focus of your essay. Restating the thesis statement reminds readers of the whole point of the essay.

What is a summary? Unit 3.5

Part of the conclusion paragraph. The middle of a conclusion paragraph will summarize the main points that were made in the essay. Summarizing the main points reminds readers of what is most important to remember.

What is the satisfying close? Unit 3.5

Part of the conclusion paragraph. This should give a positive impression to readers, leaving them with a sense of knowledge and satisfaction. A satisfying close ties everything together with a powerful sentence.

What is the first step in the writing process? Unit 3.1

Prewriting. Involves gathering your ideas and deciding on a topic by brainstorming or using organizational elements (lists, mapping, free writing, graphic organizers).

What is background information? Unit 3.4

Provides more information about the topic. The background information provides more information on the topic, as well as a preview of what the rest of the essay will discuss. and the thesis statement. This part of the paragraph should also preview information that will be further explained in the rest of the essay.

What is the fifth step in the writing process? Unit 3.1

Publishing. The final step in the writing process. This step is when you finalize your writing for submission, whether it's for your teacher, a newspaper, or another kind of publication.

What is the third step in the writing process? Unit 3.1

Revising. What you do after you've written a draft. You review your writing, looking at the big picture: Do your ideas make sense? Do you have a strong thesis statement? Does your evidence support your thesis statement? Is the writing appropriate for your purpose and audience?

What does revising make sure in a piece of writing? Unit 3.3

Revision includes making sure your piece of writing keeps the same style and tone throughout the entire paper. If you're writing an academic paper, such as an essay, you want it to maintain a formal language style and tone. Revising will help correct any shifts into a more informal language style that might confuse the audience and lessen the author's credibility.

What is a thesis statement? Unit 3.4

States the main purpose of the essay. The thesis statement provides the main purpose of the essay. In this example, the reader knows that the rest of the essay will focus on why sharks should not be considered man-eaters. The introduction paragraph ends with the thesis statement, or a one-sentence statement of the purpose or main point of an essay.

What are Subordinating Conjunctions? Unit 3.6

Subordinating conjunctions, such as because, if, while, although, that, and since, help establish that one part of a sentence is more important than the other. Example: Leia went bungee jumping although she was afraid of heights. Gia took the side entrance because the main entrance was packed with people. The use of the subordinating conjunction because shows that the fact that Gia took the side entrance is more important than the fact that the main entrance was packed with people.

What is tone? Unit 3.2

The author's attitude toward the subject.

What is a conclusion paragraph? Unit 3.5

The final paragraph in an essay. This paragraph restates the thesis statement, summarizes the main points made in the essay, and ends with a satisfying close.

What is an introductory paragraph? Unit 3.4

The first paragraph in an essay. This paragraph helps to get your audience interested in your topic and lets them know what the rest of your essay will focus on.

What are transitions? Unit 3.6

Transitions are words or groups of words that help a reader move smoothly from one idea to the next. Using transitions in your writing gives you the ability to establish the relationship between your ideas, making the reader's experience more enjoyable.

What is a question? Unit 3.4

Type of hook. A question captures attention by getting the reader to consider what he or she knows about your topic. However, you should avoid "Did you know . . .?" That hook is overused!

What is a statistic? Unit 3.4

Type of hook. A statistic is a fact that often includes numbers or interesting pieces of information.

What is an anecdote? Unit 3.4

Type of hook. An anecdote is a brief story that captures the reader's attention.

What is imagery? Unit 3.4

Type of hook. Imagery uses descriptive words that appeal to the reader's senses. Using imagery as a hook can really ignite the reader's imagination and get him or her interested in learning more.

What is diction? Unit 3.2

Word choice and arrangements of words that make up any piece of writing.

What is compare and contrast structure? Unit 3.1

You can use a compare-and-contrast structure to examine the similarities and differences between two or more objects.