Englsih 232 MidTerm

6. In "What Is Enlightenment," Immanuel Kant differentiates public use of reason from private use of reason. Using specific examples from the text, explain what these terms mean and what degree of freedom Kant gives to each use.

Publicly one must abstain from voicing their opinion but privately they may say whatever they please. An example of this would be if one were to be a leader of a church. If one were to lead a church, publicly they must support whatever the church is trying to accomplish but privately they may criticize or be against what the church's goals are.

2. What genre of work is Dorothy Wordsworth's most famous for?

Romantic Poet: diaries, short stories, and poems.

1. What literary movement did William Wordsworth help found?

Romanticism

2. Percy Bysshe Shelley is usually connected to what literary movement?

Romanticism

4. Answer the question asked by the title of Immanuel Kant's essay "What Is Enlightenment?"—What Is Enlightenment? Use specific examples from the text as evidence

Enlightenment is man's freedom from self-incurred tutelage. Enlightenment is the philosophy or movement that man should think and do for himself. Man should not allow authorities or others interfere.

1. What are the birth and death dates for Dorothy Wordsworth?

1771-1855

4. Using specific examples from Notes from Underground, compare and contrast the story's narrator with Liza. What do these characters show us about how Dostoevsky believes we should live our lives?

Liza is someone who lives a life full of acceptance and compassion. One who will sacrifice themselves for the good of others. On the other hand, the Underground man, is someone who is very vindictive and only cares about himself. He even goes as far as to say that he likes suffering and being a loner that no one pays attention to. Yet at the same time, he is unnerved when people do not notice him in social settings or when he is out in public. Dostoevsky believes we should live our lives a lot more like Liza than the Underground man. The latter can be viewed as too smart for his own good and although the is realistic, his life is not all that great. Liza, on the other hand, holds an eternal hope that one day she will get out of her current situation. Even if it doesn't happen, she still has something to hold onto and motivate her to try and make her life better for herself.

1. Who wrote "Diary of a Madman?"

Lu Xun

2. Immanuel Kant claims that "Enlightenment is man's release from his self-incurred tutelage." What is man's tutelage, how is it self-incurred, and how does Enlightenment free humans from that self-incurred tutelage?

Man's self tutelage is the authority or oppression on the man. Enlightenment free humans from self-incurred tutelage by having them challenge their authorities and promote free-thinking to better himself. Enlightenment puts yourself before anyone

1. Using specific examples from "Philosophy in the Bedroom" give an account of how the Marquis de Sade appeals to Nature in his defense of murder.

Marquis de Sade discusses how many animals in nature kill others and that the whole idea of Nature is based on the idea that one must kill to survive. That leads him to his asking of why murder is deemed a terrible idea in society but in Nature it is completely acceptable. He then goes on to say that in many respects murder is justifiable given this line of reasoning.

1. Percy Bysshe Shelley was married to what other major writer?

Mary Shelley who wrote Frankenstein.

3. Identify the author and title of the poem from which the following selection is drawn. Explain the significance of the following passage, mentioning whom the speaker is addressing and explaining how it connects to the poem as a whole: For thou art with me here upon the banks Of this fair river; thou my dearest Friend, My dear, dear Friend; and in thy voice I catch The language of my former heart, and read My former pleasures in the shooting lights Of thy wild eyes.

Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey By: William Wordsworth The significance of the speaker revealing whom he is addressing is that it shows the relevance of his advice. Learning that the speaker is talking to his little sister that is only one year younger shows the condescending personality of an older brother despite the small age gap.

4. Using specific examples from the text, contrast the narrator of "The Yellow Wallpaper" with the woman (or women) she sees inside the wallpaper. In your account, explain how these different characters are used to comment on gender.

The women in the wallpaper signify that women in 19th century United States are trapped and could not speak out on matters such as whether or not the "rest cure" was actually a helpful form of medication or if it was one that could be damaging.

2. Identify the author and title of the poem from which the following selection is drawn. Explain the significance of the passage, including how it connects to the poem as a whole: but now I know That twenty centuries of stony sleep Were vexed to nightmare by a rocking cradle, And what rough beast, its hour come round at last, Slouches towards Bethlehem to be born?

"The Second Coming" By: William Butler Yeats The passage is talking of the apocalypse being brought upon humanity and that soon enough Jesus will come signifying the "Second Coming."

3. Using specific examples from our texts, explain how the ideas of "On the Three Metamorphoses" connects to either the Enlightenment or Romanticism

"On the Three Metamorphoses" connects directly to the Enlightenment as the movement was represented by the transformation from Camel, to Lion, to Dragon, and to Child. The Camel represents the people during pre-enlightenment, simple, not free thinkers, and obedient. The Lion represents the enlightenment as people began to think to themselves and challenge authority. The Dragon represents the height of enlightenment as the people become the greatest or have hit the top before a new comes. The Child represents the post-enlightenment or the discovery of a new philosophy as it sparks a new beginning and restarts the cycle.

1. Who wrote "The Yellow Wallpaper?"

Charlotte Perkin Gilman

1. Immanuel Kant is connected to what artistic and philosophical movement?

Enlightenment

3. The narrator of Notes from Underground claims that he is representative of all modern individuals. Using specific examples from the text, explain how the narrator might be right.

Dostoyevsky wrote "Notes from Underground" because the narrator is exactly who he thought would be a product of Enlightenment. Someone who is very egotistical and narcissistic and one who overanalyzes and overthinks everything. Even the smallest and most insignificant details do not go unnoticed. Unfortunately, as a result, the Underground man is very self-destructive and believes himself to be smarter and better than everyone else when in reality he is the one who is unimportant in the grand scheme of things. The narrator is correct though in the sense that modern individuals are like him. Many people became very pretentious and narcissistic due to the Enlightenment as well as developed an almost uncanny ability to overthink every mundane detail. Due to these mannerisms, the Underground man is in many ways, a nobody because no one wants to waste their time dealing with him since he is so set in his ways about everything and no amount of understanding his perspective will change that.

3. What is Immanuel Kant's argument for free-speech and freedom of religion in "What Is Enlightenment?" Use specific examples from the text as evidence.

Immanuel Kant argues for free- speech freedom of religion with the ideas that oppression suppress people's potential.

4. Explain the example of "Judith Shakespeare" in A Room of One's Own, detailing the comparison between Judith and William Shakespeare and connecting it to Virginia Woolf's larger argument.

Judith Shakespeare is a prime example of what Virginia Woolf is talking about in her story. She was the daughter of William Shakespeare and evidently was illiterate and uneducated. That is a far cry from what her father was. He was and is still considered one of the greatest writers of all time and his plays are still talked about in school and in social situations. This only advances Woolf's argument that men have been the beneficiary of being treated better and being able to do as they please whereas women have a few set roles in society from which they must choose. Judith could have been someone with a great historical impact but because of the era and the high standard her father set, she is now seen as an afterthought in regards to Shakespeare's legacy.

1. Virginia Woolf is most famous as an author in what genre(s)?

Modernists

3. Identify the author and title of the poem from which the following selection is drawn. Explain the significance of the passage, including how it connects to the poems as whole: Dizzy Ravine! and when I gaze on thee I seem as in a trance sublime and strange To muse on my own separate fantasy, My own, my human mind, which passively Now renders and receives fast influencings, Holding an unremitting interchange With the clear universe of things around...

Mont Blanc By: Percy Bysshe Shelley The point of Shelley's poem is to talk about the sublime. A trance like state in which he is able to connect with life in a way that many can only think of happening. In this particular passage, Shelley talks about the raw beauty of the Mont Blanc and how it helped him enter a state of sublime and allow him to appreciate nature and life in general more.

1. Explain what Nietzsche means when he claims that "God is dead."

Nietzsche is implying that the church is declining and that many people no longer identify as Christian. Due to this, the Madman states that God is dead and goes on to explain that God was only alive because we believed Him to be alive. Since many do not believe in God anymore, God is now considered dead to everyone.

1. What major literary award did William Butler Yeats win in 1923?

Nobel Prize in Literature

3. Choose a text from our class. Demonstrate how that text connects with "Parable of the Madman," using specific examples from both texts.

One text that connects well with "Parable of a Madman" is "Notes from Underground." Both characters can be considered unreliable and talk of controversial things that are sensitive to many individuals even to this day. Both characters could be seen as tragic and are harsh critics of society and human behaviour. Yet at the same time they are guilty of the very things that they talk about in such great detail. This would make sense though for why they are so knowledgeable about such topics.

2. Chapter One of A Room of One's Own focuses on "Oxbridge" and "Fernham." Using specific examples, describe how these two schools differ from one another and how they connect to the larger argument of the essay.

Oxbridge and Fernham differ from the quality of education and environment. Oxbridge was a better college, but had great discrimination. FernHam lacked many aspects of Oxbridge, but there was less discrimination. These connect to the larger argument by constricting women and writing. Examples of this was stated by Oxbridge not allowing women in the library and Fernham's education was terrible and unfit. This is connected by the fact that no matter which school you went to there would be something hindering a women's education in writing.

2. William Wordsworth was given what literary honor in 1843?

Poet Laureate

2. On what experience did Charlotte Perkins Gilman base "The Yellow Wallpaper?"

She based on her own for she had been diagnosed with postpartum depression and was given the "rest cure" where she essentially would just rest and avoid interaction with anyone. While doing this, she almost went insane from having little human interaction.

2. What is an unreliable narrator?

Someone who has a very subjective based view where a more reliable narrator has a more objective based view.

5. Using specific examples, give your best explanation of what the sublime is and compare and contrast the sublime in the poetry of Wordsworth and Shelley.

Sublime is a realization of living or to experience something to the utmost. Wordsworth's idea of sublime was something is beautiful or nostalgic. Shelley's idea of Sublime is more meaningful, as his idea is the thought and consumption from the experience. The ecstasy of doing or experience.

2. Using specific examples from the text, give an account of the camel, the lion, the dragon, and the child in "On the Three Metamorphoses." What are these creatures like, and what is Nietzsche using them to claim?

The Camel is like a simple being, willing to self-sacrifice. The Lion is more courageous and proud. The Lion wants to become like or better than the Dragon and says "I will". The Dragon is powerful and wise. The Dragon is the greatest creature of all and says "Thou Shalt". The Child is curious and innocent. The Child is a new beginning even for the lion and The Child says "yes"

4. Identify the author and title of the poem from which the following selection is drawn. Explain the significance of the following passage, including how it connects to the poem as a whole: —Great God! I'd rather be A Pagan suckled in a creed outworn; So might I, standing on this pleasant lea, Have glimpses that would make me less forlorn; Have sight of Proteus rising from the sea; Or hear old Triton blow his wreathed horn.

The World is too much with us by : William Wordsworth The significance of the following passage was that as people take this world for granted. There is little that we do for this world. He states that we are detached from nature. This connects the poem as a whole because the poem immerses the reader through themselves and how the world maybe too much with themselves.

1. Name three texts we read this semester with unreliable narrators.

The Yellow Wallpaper, Notes from Underground, and Diary of a Madman.

3. Using specific examples from the text, explain how "The Yellow Wallpaper" is a critique of nineteenth-century America

The author is highly critical of how doctors diagnosed women in the 19th century. The Yellow Wallpaper could be seen as a satire of how she was diagnosed. By the end of the text, the narrator has gone insane from being by herself for so long and now only tries to understand the patterns of the wallpaper in the room that she has been staying in for 3 months. During the 19th century, people would be ordered to avoid interaction with people so in a sense they were in their own solitary confinement where they become prone to destroying themselves mentally by overthinking and overanalyzing everything since that is the only thing they can do.

3. Using specific examples from the text, explain how in "Diary of a Madman" the author plays with giving his reader different viewpoints: both the narrator's skewed version of reality and also a more objective view of reality.

The author predominantly uses a first person subjective perspective to show that the narrator is unreliable and is descending into madness. Yet there are a few times, where the viewpoint changes to be more objective based. During these times, it seemed as though the narrator was regaining sanity and returning to reality only for the viewpoint to revert back to a 1st person subjective based view and then show that the narrator has only become more paranoid and crazy. Such an example was when he was by himself and there was no human interaction. His inner monologue as well as the environment he is in suggests that he has come to his senses and is once again a reasonable person only for him to resume being a deranged lunatic.

2. Using specific examples from "Parable of the Madman," explain what the implications (what problems and opportunities arise) from the so-called "Death of God," according to Friedrich Nietzsche.

The implication of opportunity that Nietzsche is placing is that there is no god to judge us, but that we are our own gods to direct our own lives and future. Nietzsche is trying to say that the problem with this is that we are our own mistakes. That we are responsible for ourselves and our problems. That we can not atone for our actions and that things have spiraled beyond control no matter what we tell ourselves.

3. The narrator of A Room of One's Own says that her aunt died and left her money at roughly the same time that women gained the right to vote. Between the money and the vote, the narrator claims, "the money... seemed infinitely the more important." Explain why, in the context of the argument of A Room of One's Own, the narrator might value money over the right to vote. Be sure to use specific examples

The narrator would rather have the money than vote because at least with the money, she can pursue what she always wanted to do which was write. Voting was important in the aspect that women were treated more equally but that wasn't going to help the narrator become a successful writer. Only having money and being able to live on her own was going to allow that to happen.

5. According to Kant, one of the results of humans coming out of their "tutelage" is that they now hold new responsibilities. Using specific examples from the text, explain what new responsibilities and obligations exist for enlightened humans, according to "What Is Enlightenment."

The responsibilities and obligations that exist for enlightened humans is Man must be more conscious about everything and must do everything to prevent a new oppression and must keep their authorities like government in check. Man should also use free-thinking to move forward and continue to self improve.

52. Using specifics from the text, explain how "Diary of a Madman" is a social commentary on China.

The story "Diary of a Madman" is a social commentary on China in may ways. The lessons and morals learned from Confucianism are called into question in the story such as when the narrator is reading through them and finds the phrase "eat people" throughout the books and convinces himself that everyone in the village is cannibalistic. The author used the story as a way to show the ironies of Chinese culture and called for a new culture to begin. This is implied at the end with the line, "Save the children." The author is trying to convey that once the children learn of the culture they are in, they will not change so the narrator is hoping that they are not exposed to it and therefore will see what is wrong with it and eventually do something about it.

4. Identify the author and title of the poem from which the following selection is drawn. Explain the significance of the passage, including how it connects to the poem as a whole: Poet of Nature, thou hast wept to know That things depart which never may return: Childhood and youth, friendship, and love's first glow, Have fled like sweet dreams, leaving thee to mourn. These common woes I feel. One loss is mine Which thou too feel'st, yet I alone deplore.

To Wordsworth By: Percy Bysshe Shelley The passage discusses Shelley talking about Wordsworth and how his changing beliefs led to him writing more conservative poems. Shelley sees this as Wordsworth being a sellout and that Shelley's "loss", as he calls it, is essentially about Wordsworth no longer writing poems that contain great examples of romanticism. While Shelley sees this as a great loss, Wordsworth, according to Shelley, does not see that.

1. Name two parables by Friedrich Nietzsche that we read for class this semester.

Two Parables by Friedrich Nietzsche that we read this semester was "Parable of a madman" and "On the Three Metamorphoses"

5. Using specific examples from the essay, explain what it means to have a room of one's own in the essay A Room of One's Own. What is the significance of having a room of one's own?

What "A Room of One's Own" means according to the essay is a quiet place to think, imagine, and write by yourself. Examples in the text is that the narrator states that there is a sense of joy of freedom from a room of one's self. The significance of having a room of one's own is the fact that it represents everything a writer needs to succeed. It shows independency, privacy, and conditions or an environment to become a successful writer.

5. Using specific examples from the text, explain the narrator's discussion of revenge and how revenge differs between a spontaneous individual and a man of overly acute consciousness.

When it comes to the Underground man, revenge is something that takes careful planning and as a result, he overthinks things and become too afraid to go through with his acts of vengeance. A regular person would not think about the consequences and just go through with their plan in that very instant. A good example is the officer at the bar in the story. A normal person would probably just punched him and end up being thrown out a window as the Underground man spoke of. Instead the narrator, stalks this man for years after being pushed out of the way by him in a crowded bar. Eventually he musters up the courage to "bump into him" on the street. Once he finally does it, he convinces himself that the officer knew what that whole thing was and that it was intentional and that he would remember back to that night in the bar even though in reality the officer probably just thought of it as a simple accident.

3. Using specific examples, explain the importance of Dorothy Wordsworth's writing on the poetry of William Wordsworth.

William Wordsworth took a lot of his sister, Dorothy Wordsworth's, work as inspiration. He added and gave expression or life to many of her diaries or experiences. She influenced his works to a greater length.

6. According to a Room of One's Own, what challenges face any writer, regardless of gender? What does any writer need to create art? How do you think these needs especially affected potential female authors through the early twentieth century? Use specific examples from the essay to ground your answer.

Writers faced the issues of exposure, the lack of opportunities to gain fame and fortune hindered writers regardless of gender. The essay presents the issue that writers do not gain fame until long after death. A writer needs their imagination and education to create art. Art comes from their imagination, while being formed together through knowledge and experience. These need affected women as they lacked money for education or experience. It was even harder for a writers to gain fame especially for women. The narrator states that women could not attend college or even if they could the education was lacking.

3. Using specific examples from the texts, compare and contrast how Yeats and Nietzsche view the future in "The Second Coming" and "On the Three Metamorphoses."

Yeats uses more Christian imagery in his view of the future. His poem, "The Second Coming", signifies the apocalypse and how Jesus will surely come back to Earth. Nietzsche's poem is more spiritual and involves someone's evolution in how they deal with problems in life. The future in Nietzsche's poem involves people becoming a "child" or someone who is innocent. Only then can we fully understand and reach the height of understanding philosophical meanings.