Enlightenment and Revolutions - MULTIPLE CHOICE - test

He believed that every person was born with a tabula rasa, or blank slate. a. Locke b. Voltaire c. Montesquieu d. Frederick the Great

A

The American Revolution and French Revolution were similar in that both a. Were encouraged by Enlightenment idea of natural rights b. Sought to limit the participation of people in government c. Supported the theory of divine right d. Increased the influence of religious institutions in government

A

The major contribution of the Enlightenment philosophers was the introduction of new ideas about a. Government b. Economics c. Religion d. Science

A

The philosopher who believed that all people are born free and equal, with the rights to life, liberty, and property was a. John Locke b. Thomas Hobbes c. Galileo Galilei d. Baron de Montesquieu

A

What action by the leaders of the French Revolution demonstrates that they were influenced by Enlightenment ideas? a. They called for the fall of the absolute monarchy b. They encouraged the conquests of Napoleon c. They fought to maintain France's colonial empire d. They supported the combination of church and state

A

When power is shared between the state and federal government it is called what? a. A federal system b. A coup d'etat c. Separate, but equal d. Nationalism

A

Which event suggests that the American Revolution had a global impact? A. the French Revolution B. the Russian Charter of Nobility is signed C. the Treaty of Paris D. England and Scotland united

A

Which of the following British laws imposed taxes on such items as newspapers and pamphlets in the American colonies? A. Stamp Act B. Declaratory Act C. Sugar Act D. Navigation Act

A

Which of the following was an advantage of the colonists in the American Revolution? A. diverse geography B. allies among Native Americans and enslaved people C. a large number of trained soldiers D. large money resources for military supplies

A

"If man in the state of nature is free, and lord of his own possessions, why will he give up his freedom? The answer is that right in the state of nature are constantly exposed to attack by others. Hence each man joins in society to preserve his life, liberty, and property. Whenever the ruler endeavors to take away the property of the people, or reduce them to slavery...they are removed from any further obedience and left to...rise up with force and violence." -John Locke, The Second Treatise of Government (1690) 12. The ideas expressed by Locke in this passage helped inspire the a. Theory of Divine Right b. American Revolution c. Separation of church and state d. Industrial Revolution

B

Colonists in North America protested against the taxes imposed on them by the British following the French and Indian War. What was the main reason the colonists were upset about these taxes? a. Colonists believed that because they lived so far from Britain, they did not have to pay taxes on anything b. Colonists were not represented in the British Parliament and for that reason believed the taxes were unjust c. Colonists drank less tea than people living in Britain, so the tax was an unfair burden on them Colonists had already paid a great deal to fund the British effort in the French and Indian War

B

In exploring the relationship between governments and people, Thomas Hobbes argued that governments resulted from a social contract to maintain and orderly society. John Locke, another philosopher of the Enlightenment, inspired American revolutionaries by arguing that a new social contract could be instituted under what circumstance? a. If a government failed to compel obedience b. If a government violated people's natural rights c. If a government failed to protect people from economic inequality d. If a government entered into alliances with foreign governments

B

Intellectual movement that stressed reason and thought and the power of individuals to solve problems a. individualism b. Enlightenment c. Intellectualism d. Salons

B

The American Revolution was motivated by the Enlightened idea a. Of a distinct class system b. That all men are created equal c. Of the rightful rule of a monarch d. That government needs central authority

B

The application of science and reason to understanding the world resulted in the 1700s being known for the a. New Deal b. Enlightenment c. Progressive Movement d. Reformation

B

The idea of separation of powers in the Constitution was borrowed from Enlightenment thinker A. Rousseau. B. Montesquieu. C. Locke. D. Voltaire.

B

The new intellectual movement that stressed reason and thought and the power of an individual to solve problems was the a. Scientific Revolution b. Enlightenment c. Great Awakening d. Geocentric theory

B

This philosophe separated the government into three branches of government and argued for separation of powers. a. Voltaire b. Montesquieu c. Locke d. Diderot

B

Upon whose ideas is our Bill of Rights based? a. Montesquieu b. Locke c. Hobbes d. Voltaire

B

What was one idea that the leaders of the American Revolution shared with Enlightenment thinkers? a. Colonies exist to provide raw materials and markets for mother countries b. The people have the right to overthrow their government if it abuses its powers c. Governments may restrict freedom of speech and of the press during times of crisis d. Factories and businesses should be owned by the government rather than by individuals

B

American leaders gathered in Philadelphia in 1787 to revise A. the Declaration of Independence. B. the Bill of Rights. C. the Articles of Confederation. D. the Magna Carta.

C

Early proponent of women's rights a. Voltaire b. Montesquieu c. Mary Wollstonecraft d. Catherine the Great

C

Enlightenment thinkers contributed to changes in relationships between citizens and governments through their belief that a. Most changes in government are dangerous b. Absolute monarchy is the most effective form of government c. Governments are instituted to protect citizens' rights d. Popular liberties should be limited by the need for social order

C

John Locke believed that the government had an obligation to the people it governed to protect their natural rights. If the government failed to do this, then the people had the right to a. Move to another country b. Refuse to vote in the next election c. Overthrow the government d. Continue to be persecuted

C

The Declaration of Independence states, "That whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or abolish it." These words describe the enlightened idea of a a. Need to ensure a representative government b. Return to a society that has no central authority c. Social contract between government and the people d. Revolutionary intent to overthrow the current government

C

This philosopher studied government and devised the idea of a separation of powers. a. Voltaire b. John Locke c. Montesquieu d. Rousseau

C

Under Henry II, feudal rules in England were replaced by A) the Domesday Book. B) the Magna Carta. C) common law D) unlimited royal power.

C

Which of the following is not an idea from the Enlightenment? a. People have natural rights b. Problems can be solved by using reason c. Kings ruled by divine right d. Government should serve the people

C

William the Conqueror earned his title by A) repelling the Danish invaders from England. B) defeating the Magyars at the Battle of Lechfeld. C) leading the Normans to victory in Battle of Hastings. D) seizing Viking territory in Scandinavia.

C

An influential French writer who wrote that "Power should be a check to power" was a. Louis XIV b. Voltaire c. Thomas Hobbes d. Baron de Montesquieu

D

French philosophe Jean Jacques Rousseau believed that the best form of government would be a a. Direct democracy b. Constitutional monarchy c. Dictatorship d. Republic

D

Hobbes believed that people should enter into a _____________....Which meant that people should hand over their rights to a ruler in exchange for law and order in society was called the a. Scientific method b. Magna Carta c. Enlightenment d. Social contract

D

Magna Carta was... a) An agreement in 1689 which guaranteed freedom of speech in Parliament b) A document setting a complete Bill of Rights for England c) A constitutional document in the 19th century guaranteeing the right to vote d) An agreement in 1215 between the King and his barons, which guaranteed protections of right for his subjects

D

Montesquieu believed that to prevent tyranny in government there should be a separation of powers. Which of the following best illustrates this idea? a. Absolute power in the executive branch b. Splitting power among three or more countries c. Total power in the legislative branch d. Dividing power among three branches of government

D

The Enlightenment influenced revolutionary thought by a. Encouraging the poor to take up arms b. Stressing the importance of the monarchy c. Designing a common revolutionary strategy d. Instilling a belief in the natural rights of man

D

The revolt of the barons against King John in the early 1200s resulted in A) Parliament. B) First Estate. C) Great Schism. D) Magna Carta.

D

What did Henry II of England do to broaden the system of royal justice A) He established a Supreme Court. B) He stiffened the requirements necessary to become a lawyer. C) He taxed the rich and used the money to build a court house. D) He established English common law and the jury system.

D

In A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, Mary Wollstonecraft argued that women and men should have equal a. education. b. voting rights. c. property rights. d. employment opportunities.

a

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen stated that a. all men were born free and equal in rights. b. all male citizens had the right to vote. c. male and female citizens were equal before the law. d. all citizens had to pay equal taxes.

a

What book did Rousseau write? a. The Social Contract b. The Spirit of the Laws c. Two Treatise of Government

a

What was a result of the Glorious Revolution? a. The Protestants William and Mary replaced the Catholic James II. b. Oliver Cromwell became Lord Protector of England. c. Parliament was permanently weakened as a governing force. d. The Scottish Stuart line of monarchs replaced the Tudors.

a

Britain passed the Navigation Acts to A. support free trade in the colonies. B. regulate colonial trade and manufacturing. C. encourage world exploration. D. crack down on smugglers.

b

Enlightenment thinkers were influenced by the idea of natural law that emerged from the A. Reformation. B. Scientific Revolution. C. Renaissance. D. Glorious Revolution.

b

Montesquieu believed the purpose of the separation of powers was to A. make government more efficient. B. protect the liberties of the people. C. promote reform. D. strengthen the monarchy.

b

The principal motivation for drafting the Bill of Rights was the desire to A. test the new process of amendment described in the Constitution B. protect rights not specified in the Constitution C. strengthen the powers of the federal government D. restore to the states the powers they had enjoyed under the Articles of Confederation E. clarify the federal relationship among the states

b

What book did Montesquieu write? a. The Social Contract b. The Spirit of the Laws c. Two Treatise of Government

b

According to Thomas Hobbes, the best form of government is A. a theocracy. B. a democracy. C. an absolute monarchy. D. a federal republic.

c

The Constitution created a federal republic, which divided power between a. two houses of parliament. b. branches of the state government. c. national and state government. d. the government and the people.

c

The Declaration of Independence clearly reflects the ideas of: A. Catherine the Great. B. George III. C. John Locke. D. Thomas Hobbes.

c

What book did Lock write? a. The Social Contract b. The Spirit of the Laws c. Two Treatise of Government

c