Enlightenment Test Q?'s

What was the core concept of the Enlightenment?

Methods of natural science should be used to examine all aspects of life

Which of the following correctly shows the religious response to the hypothesis made by Nicolaus Copernicus?

Immediately rejected by Protestants; ignored at first by Catholics but then later rejected

What was the Republic of Letters?

A cosmopolitan network of West Europe and its colonies, East Europe, and Russia

The primary cause of the English Glorious Revolution was...

A fear of the establishment of Catholic Absolutism by James II

Volitaire was a deist who believed...

God was a clock maker who set the universe in motion

How did Catherine the Great come into power in 1762?

Military Coup

Joseph II's conversion of peasant labor obligations to cash payments was...

Opposed by both nobles and peasants

A striking feature of salons was that...

Philosphes, nobles, and members of the upper middle class intermingled

During the 16th century, France supported the Protestant princes of Germany in order to...

Prevent Charles V from increasing his power

Kepler believed the elliptical orbit of the planets...

Produced musical harmonies of heavenly bodies

Which of the powers participated in the partitioning of Poland?

Prussia, Russia, Austria

Catherine the Great's goal of domestic reform never came to fruition because of the...

Rebellion of led by Emelian Pugachev in 1773

What did Empress Maria Theresa of Austria do to improve the rural economy and lives of the peasants?

Reduce nobles power over their surfs

What was the style that included soft pastels, ornate interiors, and sentimental portraits?

Rococo

The Enlightened policies of Frederick the Great included...

Simplifying Prussia's laws

In Historical and Critical Dictionary, Pierre Bayle says

All knowledge can be questioned and doubted

The idea of a public sphere that emerged during the Enlightenment refers to...

An idealized space where individuals gathered to discuss social and political issues

What was the fundamental goal of the Encyclopedia according to its editors?

Change the general way of thinking

Galileo was placed on trial for heresy owing to the publication of...

Dialogue on the Two Chief Systems of the World

What was the primary goal of Galileo's experimental method?

Discover what actually occurs in nature rather than just speculate what happens

What was the theory of reasoning Francis Bacon formalized the research methods of Tycho Brahe and Galileo into?

Empiricism

How did governments respond to the new science?

Established academies of science to support and sometimes direct scientific research

Which idea in Thomas Moore's Utopia was remarkable for its time?

Flaws in the divine nature were responsible for human corruption

What did the discipline of natural philosophy focus on?

Fundamental questions about the nature, function, and purpose of the universe

Before Versalius, whose ideas about human anatomy were mostly used and accepted?

Galen

The Essay Concerning Human Understanding by John Locke claimed

Human development is determined by education and society

What change within the Jewish community accompanied the Haskalah Enlightenment?

Interactions between Jewish and Christians increased and rabbinic controls diminished

Who was Denis Diderot's co-editor of the Encyclopedia?

Jean le Rond d'Alembert

How was the Peace of Westaphalia a turning point in history?

Large scale religious conflicts came to an end

How did Isaac Newton's law of universal gravitation bring the Scientific Revolution to maturity?

Synthesized mathematics with physics and astronomy to demonstrate that the entire universe was unified in one coherent system

Which book by Montesquieu was considered the first great work of the French Enlightenment?

The Persian Letter

How did Enlightenment thinkers differ from those of the Middle Ages and Renaissance?

They believed their era had surpassed antiquity which demonstrated the possibility of human progress

The most influential aspect of Rene Descartes' theories of nature was that the...

Universe functioned in a mechanistic way

What did Jean Jacques Rousseau believe about women?

Woman were suited to a passive social role

Madame du Chatelet, Volitaire's long time companion, believed that...

Women's limited contribution to science was the result of unequal education

What was Volitaire's attitude toward government?

A good monarchy was the best one could hope for

Rousseau's concept of general will asserts that...

General will is not necessarily the will of the majority

The concept of the reading revolution refers to the...

Shift from reading religious texts aloud as a family to reading diverse texts individually