ENSC 101 Ch. 5

There are ____ limits your population growth in nature.

c. always

What is the most common distribution of populations?

c. clumped

Emigration is the ____.

c. departure movement of individuals from a population to another area

When populations of two different species interact over long periods of time, changes in the gene pool of one species can lead to changes in the gene pool of the other. What is this called?

b. coevolution

The primary reason why southern sea otter recovery is ecologically important is because they ____.

b. are a keystone species

If multiple species find themselves competing for the same resource, the competition can be reduced by which of the following?

c. resource partitioning

Kelp forests play key roles in marine ecosystems, in part by supporting important biodiversity. These kelp forests are threatened by ____.

c. sea urchins

Kelp forests are composed of large concentrations of ____.

c. seaweed

What is a feature of r-selected species?

c. they have populations that fluctuate between high and low

What is an example of a K-elected species?

c. whales

Most ecologists now recognize that mature, late-successional ecosystems ____.

a. are in a state of continual disturbance and change

What is the most common interaction between species?

a. competition

What occurs when members of two or more species interact to gain access to the same limited resources?

a. inter specific competition

Through natural selection, different species of birds called honeycreepers have shared resources by evolving specialized by beaks to take advantage of certain types of food such as insects, seeds, third, and nectar from certain flowers. This is called ____.

b resource partitioning

The capacity to withstand external stress and disturbance is called ____.

b. stability

An example of an internal parasite is a _____.

b. tapeworm

Each population in an ecosystem has a ____ to variations in its physical and chemical environment.

c. range of tolerance

What was the primary reason the southern sea otter nearly went extinct by the early 1900s?

b. They had thick, luxurious fur

Parasites ___.

a. rarely kill their hosts

Which of the following exhibits primary succession?

a. a rock exposed by a retreating glacier

Exponential growth followed by a steady decrease in population growth until the population size stabilizes is typical of ____.

a. logistic growth

What is the number of individuals in a population found within a defined area or volume that can limit the size of some populations?

a. population density

The ability of a living system to survive moderate disturbances is called ____.

b. inertia

Too much or too little of any physical or chemical factor can prevent the growth of a population, even if all other factors are at or near the optimum conditions. What is this ecological principle?

b. limiting factor

What has caused the population of the southern sea otters to fluctuate?

b. parasites that breed in cats

A group of interbreeding individuals of the same species in the same geographic region is called a ____.

b. population

What type of succession begins in an area where an ecosystem has been disturbed, removed, or destroyed, and that contains soil or bottom sediment?

b. secondary auccession

Kelp forests help reduce ____ by blunting the force of incoming waves and trapping some of the outgoing sand.

b. shore erosion

Some prey species discourage predators with chemicals that are poisonous, irritating, foul smelling, or bad tasting. What is it called?

c. chemical warfare

Plants such as pitcher share a commensalistic interaction with large trees in tropical and subtropical forests by attaching to the trunks or branches of the trees. The pitcher plants are examples of ____.

c. epiphytes

When plotting the number of individuals in a population against time the data yield a J-shaped curve. What does this curve indicate?

c. exponential growth

The situation in which one set of species makes an area suitable for species with different niche requirements and often less suitable for itself is called ____.

c. facilitation

What is said to occur when one organism feeds on another organism by living on or in the other organism?

c. parasitism

If the resilience of a damaged ecosystem is low enough, the degraded area may not be restored by secondary succession. When this happens, the damaged ecosystem has reached ____.

d. a tipping point

Bats prey on certain species of moths by using high-frequency echolocation to locate them. Certain moths have evolved ears that can hear these frequencies allowing them to escape. This is an example of ____.

d. coevolution

The hind wings of the io moth resemble eyes of a much larger animal. What is this called?

d. deceptive looks

The maximum population of a given species that a particular habitat can sustain indefinitely is the definition of ____.

d. environmental resistance

In 1900, white-tailed deer populations in the United States were drastically reduced, but now, since laws have been passed to protect them and their natural predators, their population has ____.

d. exploded

The pollination of flowering plants by species such as honeybees is ____.

d. mutualism

The relationship between clownfish and sea anemone is called ____.

d. mutualism

Late successional plants are largely unaffected by plants at earlier stages of succession because they are not in direct competition for resources, a factor called _____.

d. tolerance

The nonpoisonous ____ butterfly gains protection by looking like the bad-tasting ____ butterfly, which is a protective device known as ____.

d. viceroy; monarch; camouflage

Some species that tend to reproduce later in life and have a small number of offspring with long life spans ____.

e. are vulnerable to extinction

What occurs when an interaction benefits one species but has little, if any, effect on the other?

e. commensalism

A population increases through birth and ____.

e. immigration

Grasslands have ____ and can burn easily.

e. low inertia

When two species behave in ways that benefit both by providing each with food, shelter, or some other resource, it is called _____.

e. mutualism

Species with a capacity for a high rate of populations growth are called ____.

e. r-selected species

Which of the following exhibits secondary ecological succession?

e. recently flooded land

What refers to the ability of a living system to be restored after a period of moderate to severe disturbance?

e. resilience