Enviro chapter 15 test
Where can photochemical smog be found?
Los Angeles, Salt Lake City, Sydney, São Palo, Bangkok, and Mexico City
main chemicals of acid rain?
SOx and NOx
what makes up wet acid deposition?
SOx and NOx + water in sunlight
what makes up dry acid deposition?
SOx and NOx particles drop out
A scrubber is a device that a. prevents temperature inversions. b. removes pollutants or changes them chemically before they are released by factories. c. reduces the amount of pollutants released by motor vehicles. d. removes lead from gasoline.
b. removes pollutants or changes them chemically before they are released by factories.
what are some human activities that lead to air pollution?
burning fossil fuels
major cause of acid rain?
burning of fossil fuels
_____, a combination of rain, snow, dust, and other particles with a pH lower than 5.6, is likely to form when coal-burning plants emit sulfur. a. Suspended particulate matter b. Sulfuric acid c. Acid deposition d. Nitric acid e. Photochemical acid
c. Acid deposition
Acid deposition is caused mainly by a. dust storms. b. volcanoes. c. burning fossil fuels. d. ozone.
c. burning fossil fuels.
Which of the following will best serve to repair the stratospheric ozone layer? a. ban the use of fossil fuels b. switch to renewable energy sources c. eliminate the use of CFCs worldwide d. eliminate coal-burning power plants e. more public transportation
c. eliminate the use of CFCs worldwide
Which of the following identifies the layers of the atmosphere in correct order, beginning with the lowest layer? a. mesosphere, thermosphere, stratosphere, troposphere b. thermosphere, stratosphere, troposphere, mesosphere c. troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere d. troposphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, stratosphere
c. troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere
What chemical compound breaks down ozone?
chlorine monoxide
The main chemicals responsible for the ozone hole are a. sulfuric acid and nitric acid. b. volatile organic compounds. c. carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. d. chlorofluorocarbons.
d. chlorofluorocarbons.
Photochemical smog can be reduced by _____. a. increased sunshine b. lower temperatures c. climate change d. decreased traffic e. more VOCs
d. decreased traffic
Which of the following is produced in the stratosphere when oxygen interacts with ultraviolet radiation? a. heat b. wind c. water d. ozone e. CFCs
d. ozone
Which of the following is NOT a primary air pollutant? a. particulate matter b. lead c. carbon monoxide d. sulfuric acid
d. sulfuric acid
what are some natural sources of air pollution?
dust, wind, volcanoes, wildfires, plants
What is the indoor pollutant found in carpet, furniture, and building materials? a. methane b. asbestos c. VOCs d. Acid deposition e.formaldehyde
e.formaldehyde
what is considered good and bad ozone?
good- in stratosphere bad- air pollutants in troposphere
what is the ph of acid rain?
lower than 5.6
What did the Montreal Protocol do? (1987)
set goals to phase out CFCs and other ozone depleting chemicals
what could we do to reduce indoor air pollution?
-ban indoor smoking -set stricter standards for emissions -use natural-ingredient products -use more well vented stoves
what could we do to reduce outdoor air pollution?
-enforce laws -authorize emission trading
_____ are chemicals or substances emitted directly into the air from natural processes and human activities at concentrations high enough to cause harm. a. Secondary pollutants b. Primary pollutants c. Industrial emissions d. Volatile inorganic compounds e. Suspended particulates
b. Primary pollutants
Things to increase outdoor air pollutants
Blocked wind (buildings, valleys, trees, mountains) High temperatures Emission of VOCs Temperature inversions
Where can industrial smog be located?
China, India, Ukraine, Czech Republic, Bulgaria, and Poland
T/F: Industrial smog is a haze formed when sunlight acts on air pollutants.
F
T/F: Ozone in the troposphere acts as a global sunscreen for Earth.
F
Carbon-containing fuels that formed from the remains of living things are called a. fossil fuels. b. emissions. c. soot. d. smog.
a. fossil fuels.
T/F: Air pollution comes from natural and human sources.
T
T/F: As a result of the Montreal Protocol, manufacture of CFCs has fallen dramatically.
T
T/F: Regulations from the Clean Air Acts have reduced levels of the six major outdoor pollutants significantly since 1970.
T
T/F: The most threatening indoor air pollutants are smoke and soot from wood and coal fires, cigarette smoke, and chemicals used in building materials and cleaning products.
T
T/F: The stratospheric ozone layer is no longer being depleted now that CFCs have been banned.
T
T/F: The troposphere provides living things with oxygen.
T
T/F: Three major outdoor air pollution problems are industrial smog, photo chemical smog, and acid deposition
T
What is wet acid deposition?
acid rain/snow/cloud vapor; happens slowly in distant downwind areas
What is dry acid deposition?
acidic particles; happens quickly close to industrial sources
things that reduce outdoor air pollutants
Wind rain/snow/sea spray Settling
What is photochemical smog?
a mix of primary/ secondary pollutants/ chemicals formed in light-activated reactions
What is industrial smog?
a mix of sulfur dioxide, sulfuric acid, and particulates