ENVS 1126 Practice exam 2 + questions from slides

Which one of the following is an example of adiabatic heating?

A descending mass of air is warmed as it is compressed

Currently irrigated acreage

Accounts for less than half of all cropland and produces less than half the world's food

Which one of the following was not part of China's one-child policy?

Additional food rations for same-sex couples

In which one of the following states is groundwater not being withdrawn faster than it is being naturally replenished?

Florida

Which of the following countries generates the greatest percentage of its electricity from nuclear power plants?

France

The Montreal Protocol was an international agreement to phase out the production of

Chlorofluorocarbons

Which of the following is the major cause of mortality in the least developed countries of the world?

Communicable diseases

Which one of the following is the major cause of mortality in the least developed countries of the world?

Communicable diseases

Which one of the following is not among the primary reasons that poor people in developing countries have large families?

Contraceptives are readily available

Which one of the following is not one of the purposes of pumping water through the core of nuclear reactor fueled with uranium-235?

Control the rate of the chain reaction

Which one of the following is not a technique used in integrated pest management?

Cosmetic spraying

Which one of the following countries is the only country in the world with extensive government-supported urban agriculture?

Cuba

In the United States today, the principal use of mercury is

Dental fillings

Which one of the following is not among the conditions conducive to small families?

Early age at marriage

On which of the following continents is more water used for industrial purposes than for agriculture?

Europe

Consider the following statements: (I) In any energy conversion, some of the usable energy is always lost (II) Energy is neither created nor destroyed, but it may be converted from one from to another (III) Systems will go spontaneously in one direction only, toward increasing entropy Which of these are statements of the second law of thermodynamics?

I and III

Which one of the following is the correct order of these revolutions?

Industrial (first), medical (second), green (third)

Which one of the following is not an example of cultural control of a pest?

Introduction of parasitic wasps to control gypsy moths

Which one of the following is a consumptive use of water?

Irrigating crops

Which of the following reasons explains why few farmers in the United States irrigate their crops via drip irrigation

Irrigation water is cheap, and initial installation costs are high

Irrigated acreage currently accounts for

Less than half of all cropland and produces less than half of the world's food

Soil containing organic matter and having which one of the following textures is for many types of farming?

Loam

Which one of the following is not an example of resource partitioning?

Male songbirds sing to defend their territory during the nesting season

Which of the following are two negative aspects of no-till agriculture?

May increase the effects of pests that remain in crop residues and requires use of herbicides

Which one of the following is the best soil for agriculture

Mollisol

Electricity produced by which one of the following is not an example of green power?

Natural gas

Most electric power built in the United States since 2000 use which one of the following sources of energy?

Natural gas

The top three primary sources of energy in the United States are

Natural gas, coal, and oil

If Earth rotated in the opposite direction, the Trade Winds in the northern hemisphere would blow from the

Northwest

In a soil profile, the order of horizons from top to bottom is

O, A, E, B, C

In regions where various types of vegetation coexist and compete, periodic fires do not tip the balance in favor of

Oak trees

The United States has extensive deposits of ___________________ in Colorado, Texas, Utah and Wyoming that, if exploited, could yield the equivalent of an estimated 800 billion barrels of oil.

Oil shale

Which of the following kinds of property rights are associated with the Tragedy of the Commons

Open access

Which one of the following kinds of pesticides is responsible for most pesticide poisonings of humans

Organophosphates

What is the principal reason that western rangelands in the United States produce less than half the livestock forage that they did in the early 19th century?

Overgrazing

Which one of the following soils would you expect to find in a tropical rain forest?

Oxisol

Terrestrial biomes are groups of ecosystems characterized by similar types of

Plants and climate

The fertility rate in Burkino Faso has exceeded the replacement rate for many years and is currently about 5.3. If the fertility rate were to suddenly drop to the replacement rate, why would the population of Burkino Faso continue to increase?

Population momentum

Which one of the following can result from irrigating crops in dryland areas with insufficient water to leach salts down through the soil?

Salinization

Which one of the following insect pests has been eliminated from the United States by release of sterile males?

Screwworm flies

Which one of the following is not one of the vital concepts that move societies towards a sustainable future?

Security

Which one of the following statements is not true?

Since 1960, the percentage of people living in high-income countries has increased

In a nuclear power plant fueled with Uranium-235, what is the purpose of the moderator?

Slow neutrons

Global warming during the 21st century is expected to

Speed up the hydrologic cycle and slow the thermohaline circulation of the ocean

Which one of the following terms is used to characterize the arrangement of sol particles in clumps and aggregates?

Structure

The nutrients that support plant growth in natural terrestrial ecosystems are supplied mainly by

breakdown of detritus

The three principal greenhouse gases emitted as a result of agricultural activity are

methane, carbon dioxide, and nitrous oxide

Which one of the following soil horizons is also called topsoil

A

In hypothetical country A, everyone dies when they reach the age of 60. In hypothetical country B, which has a better health care system, everyone dies when they reach the age of 75. If the total population of both countries is stable, what percentage of the total population would you expect to be in age group 32-46 years inclusive?

25% in country A and 20% in country B

In country X, the supply of calories averages 105% of the minium daily requirement. Of the people living in country X, what percentage is likely to have calorie-deficient diets?

50%

The amount of biomass on a successive trophic levels in a food chain forms a pyramid in which the biomass on trophic level N+1 is only 20% of the biomass on trophic level N. If pesticide P is transferred from one trophic level to the next with 100% efficiency, what will be the concentration of P on tropic level 5 if the concentration of P on trophic level 2 is 4 parts per million (ppm)?

500 ppm

Which one of the following statments is true about a Hadley cell?

Air rises at the equator and sinks at 30 latitude

Which one of the following contains the most liquid freshwater?

Aquifers

The three regions of the world that currently account for the most exported grain are

Austrailia/New Zealand, North America, and Western Europe

The Neolithic Revolution

Began in the Middle East about 12,000 years ago

Which one of the following millennium development goals has been achieved?

Between 1990 and 2015, reduce by half the proportion of people whose income is less than $1.25 per day

Which one of the following soil horizons does not contain humus?

C

Geothermal heat pumps

Can be used to heat and cool buildings

Which one of the following countries accounts for the most oil imported by the United States?

Canada

The Delaney clause concerned which one of the following?

Carcinogenic food additives

Pheromones have not been used to control which one of the following pests?

Cassava mealybug

Which one of the following is the greatest source of exposure to radiation for people in the United States?

Radon gas in average house

Which one of the following is not an example of blue water?

Rainwater taken up by plants

Which one of the following accounted for the greatest amount of U.S economic contributions to developing countries in 2010-2011?

Remittances

A Bt crop is genetically modified crop that is

Resistant to many insect pests

The three crops that account for the greatest areas of farmland devoted to the production of genetically modified (GM) crops do not include which one of the following?

Rice

Which one of the following statements is not true?

Roughly 140,000 deaths each year are traced to waterborne diseases

Millenium Development Goal 1 was to reduce by 50% the proportion of children under age five who were moderately or severely underweight. Which one of the following regions had not achieved that goal by 2012?

Sub-Saharan Africa

Which one of the following statements describes what happens when countries pass through the fertility transition?

The dependency ratio decreases and then increases

Which one of the following statements is true?

The epidemiologic transition has preceded the fertility transition

The 1854 cholera outbreak near Broad Street in London came to an end when

The handle was removed from the Broad Street pump

Which one of the following statements is not true about the Grameen Bank?

The loans have been found to have the greatest social benefits when focused on men

Cabbages and Condoms is

The name of a restaurant chain in Thailand

Which of the following statements correctly characterizes the results of using pesticides in agriculture globally since the advent of the green revolution?

The quantity of crops lost to pests has increased and the percentage of crops lost to pests has increased

Which of the following countries has the largest area of arable land?

United States and India

The process by which water vapor passes through stomata from plants to the atmosphere is called

Transpiration

The two countries that account for the greatest amount of ethanol production as a fuel are

USA and Brazil

In 2005, representatives from so-called donor countries agreed to raise their Official Development Assistance (ODA) for developing countries to 0.35% of gross national income by 2010. Which one of the following countries had not achieved that goal by 2014?

United States

Which one of the following countries has the lowest life expectancy

United States

The forms of renewable energy that currently account for the greatest amount of electricity production in the world are

Wind and hydroelectric

Roughly 99% of crop irrigation globally is done by

flood irrigation and center-pivot methods

In a nuclear power plant fueled with uranium-235, what is the purpose of the moderator?

slow neutrons

The four crops that account for the most production of genetically modified (GM) crops globally are

soybeans, corn, canola, and cotton