ENVS Midterm

Which process would increase the amount of water in the atmosphere? (select all that apply) Question options: Evaporation Transpiration Condensation Infiltration Evapotranspiration

Evapotranspiration Evaporation Transpiration

Which material(s) listed below is an example of a persistent organic pollutant? (*select all that apply) Select 4 correct answer(s) Question options: Ricin PCBs DDT Mercury Arsenic

PCBs DDT Mercury Arsenic

Which level of the food chain supplies energy to all others? Question options: a) Producers b) Secondary Consumers c) Herbivores d) Carnivores e) Tertiary consumers

Producers

In a scientific experiment, a control is

a test that duplicates an experimental test except for one variable. b) a way to study the effects of just one experimental variable (both)

Population growth and increased oil consumption contributed to which environmental impact of urban sprawl? Question options: a) Depletion of energy resources b) Air pollution c) Water pollution d) Loss of agricultural land

a) Depletion of energy resources

What is a tool that is used to assess consumption of individuals and estimate the area requirement needed to support this amount of consumption? Question options: a) Ecological Footprint b) Needs assessment c) Accounting per Capita d) Ecological Niche e) Eco-Assessment

a) Ecological Footprint

_____________ is necessary to support restaurants and shopping centers, and it also provides means of employment to a vast number of city dwellers. This is found in many urban centers in the United States Question options: a) High population density b) High socioeconomic status c) High employment rates d) Large family size

a) High population density

What two variables most contribute to the land biome that exists in a particular area? Question options: a) Precipitation levels and temperature b) Type of producers and density of herbivores c) Amount of sunlight and annual rainfall d) Soil type and amount of O2 e) Distance from ocean and elevation

a) Precipitation levels and temperature

A graph that shows the number of surviving population members versus the relative age of the member is called: Question options: a) Survivorship curve b) Bell curve c) Population curve d) Ecological curve

a) Survivorship curve

r-selected species are described as _____. Question options: a) adapted to unstable and unpredictable environments. b) not adapted to the environment. c) adapted to stable, predictable environments. d) none of the above.

a) adapted to unstable and unpredictable environments.

According to the text, which category has the largest global usage of water? Question options: a) irrigation b) industry c) public d) none of the above

a) irrigation

The well spread out network of residential areas, shops and industrial areas connected by highways in urban-suburban areas is known as _____. Question options: a) urban sprawl. b) rural growth. c) urban expansion. d) population shift.

a) urban sprawl.

Humans have manipulated the earth for their own benefit for thousands of years. However much of the negative changes to our planet have occurred in the last few hundred years. What are the 3 reasons given that this drastic shift has occurred? Question options: a) Scientific advances, human trash output, materials introduced to earth b) Farming, materials introduced to earth, and human trash output c) Scientific advances, human population growth, materials introduced to earth d) Extinctions, human population growth, materials introduced to earth

a. Scientific advances, human trash output, materials introduced to earth

Approximately how many percent of the world's population is currently in a state of water stress? Question options: a) 10% b) 25% c) 50% d) 75%

b) 25%

Automobile exhaust is the major contributor to which environmental impact of urban sprawl? Question options: a) Depletion of energy resources b) Air pollution c) Water pollution d) Loss of agricultural land

b) Air pollution

Which biogeochemical cycle involves the sequestration of an element by bacteria for use in plants? Question options: a) Energy cycle b) Nitrogen cycle c) Carbon cycle d) Phosphorus cycle e) Water cycle

b) Nitrogen cycle

What is the cause of a combined sewer overflow? Question options: a) Clean drinking water b) Rainy conditions causing overflows c) Sewage always flowing into river/stream d) All of the above

b) Rainy conditions causing overflows

This reservoir of water contains only about 0.01% of the the world's water? Question options: a) Ocean b) Rivers and lakes c) Streams d) Groundwater e) Glaciers and ice caps

b) Rivers and lakes

Water which contains large amounts of calcium dissolved within it results from _____ Question options: a) factory sewage outfalls. b) water dissolving materials in the ground. c) volcanic activity. d) increase in number of wells in area.

b) water dissolving materials in the ground.

Populations consist of: Question options: a) All animals living in a given area b) All plants living in a given area c) All individuals of the same species living in a given area d) None of the above

c) All individuals of the same species living in a given area

Power plants generate electricity. Which of the following displays the correct order of electricity production based on most used resource to least used resource? Question options: a) Coal, natural gas, atomic energy, hydroelectric, other b) Coal, atomic energy, natural gas, hydro electric, other c) Natural gas, coal, atomic energy, hydroelectric, other d) Natural gas, atomic energy, coal, hydroelectric, other

c) Natural gas, coal, atomic energy, hydroelectric, other

Increase in paved surfaces which increases the volume of runoff, leading to erosion and other side effects is a major contributor to which environmental impact of urban sprawl? Question options: a) Depletion of energy resources b) Air pollution c) Water pollution d) Loss of agricultural land

c) Water pollution

K- selected species are described as _____. Question options: a) adapted to unstable and unpredictable environments. b) not adapted to the environment. c) adapted to stable, predictable environments. d) none of the above.

c) adapted to stable, predictable environments.

Another approach to survival is when species use body coloration or shape to deter predation by blending in with the surroundings. This is called __________. Question options: a) herbivory b) mimicry c) camouflage d) warning coloration

c) camouflage

In areas that have increased water nutrients, what occurs as response to this nutrient overload? Question options: a) BOD decrease b) bacteria decrease c) eutrophication d) oxygen is high

c) eutrophication

The presence of thorns or toxins in a plant discourages ___________. Question options: a) growth b) species expansion c) herbivory d) detection

c) herbivory

The notion that land should not be treated as property, but instead should be considered part of the larger community is known as Question options: a) frontier ethic b) sustainability ethic c) land ethic d) none of the above

c) land ethic

A place where the groundwater emerges from the earth is called a _______. Question options: a) leak b) drainage basin c) spring d) watershed

c) spring

In reference to urban blight, what part of a city's population typically migrates away and into the suburbs? Question options: a) Affluent b) Economically disadvantaged c) Elderly d) All of the above

d) All of the above

Which of the following is not an environmental impact of urban sprawl? Question options: a) Depletion of energy resources b) Air pollution c) Water pollution d) Climate change e) Loss of wildlife

d) Climate change

Which method is not utilized to dispose of sludge after the removal from wastewater? Question options: a) Landfill b) Incineration c) Used a fertilizer d) Shipped into space

d) Shipped into space

Who is consuming the majority of the Earth's resources? Question options: a) 90% of the human population b) The majority of the third world countries c) The lowest income individuals d) The highest income countries

d) The highest income countries

A form of logical thinking that relies on general principles or laws is knows as

deductive reasoning

Who does sustainable development benefit? Question options: a) Consumer b) Producer c) Economy d) Society e) Everyon

e) Everyone

Better water management practices in sustainable cities include all of the following except: Question options: a) Green roofs b) Permeable paving c) Natural landscaping d) Rain barrels and cisterns e) Stormwater sewers

e) Stormwater sewers

Lifestyle changes that support a more sustainable way of life and more sustainable communities include _____. Question options: a) more fuel-efficient cars and carpooling. b) less dependence on automobiles. c) the use of solar energy. d) recycling paper, cans, and bottles. e) all of the above.

e) all of the above.

The purpose of the scientific method as a method is to:

gain new information

What types of actions can cause water stress? (*select all that apply) Select 2 correct answer(s) Question options: large populations high precipitation small populations low precipitation

large populations low precipitation

Treating the earth and environment like the resources contained within it are limited and humans should conserve resources for continued use is a

sustainability ethic

The synthesis of a large collection of information that is generally accepted, contains well-tested and verified hypotheses about certain aspects of the world is known as a scientific:

theory