Eoc review- us history

HOW DID THE WAR IMPACT GERMAN AMERICANS, ASIAN AMERICANS, AFRICAN AMERICANS, HISPANIC AMERICANS, JEWISH AMERICANS, NATIVES, WOMEN, AND DISSENTERS IN THE USA?

The cataclysm of World War II had a profound effect on immigration to North America. Interwar immigration to the United States and Canada had been dramatically curtailed from the peak years just before World War I.

HOW DID THE UNITED STATES CHANGE AS IT SHIFTED FROM AN AGRIAN TO AN INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY?

The change happened as follows: farmers bought tractors, fired farm workers, who moved to the cities and learned to work in factories. It was very similar to how manufacturing is being replaced by service and high-tech - factories replace workers with machines or Chinese, and former manufacturing workers re-train for service jobs, or write whiny blogs about death of American economy.

COMPARE AND CONTRAST THE EXPERIENCE OF EUROPEAN IMMIGRANTS IN THE EAST TO THAT OF ASIAN IMMIGRANTS IN THE WEST

The experiences of Asian immigrants were different from those of European immigrants because Asian immigrants were minorities and treated as second rate citizens. They also took a lot of gripe regarding pearl harbor because they were Asian.

Analyze the use of atomic weapons during WWII and the aftermath of the bombings.

The fierce fighting of Japanese soldiers concerned American officials. There was no sign they would give up and an invasion of Japan was predicted to cause one million American deaths, and a countless number on the Japanese side. To save American lives, President Truman used the atomic bomb on Japan. On August 6, 1945, a bomb was dropped on Hiroshima. On August 9, a second bomb was dropped on Nagasaki. Aftermath: After the use of the atomic bomb, there was a moral debate about its use. The bombs killed more than 100,000 in Hiroshima and more than 70,000 in Nagasaki.Both cities were centers of war production, but many innocents died. The use of atomic weapons changed the nations viewed war and national security.

how does the U.S. participate in the global economy?

The us is a huge participant in the economy

WHAT WAS THE IMPACT OF POLITICAL MACHINES ON US CLIENTS IN THE LATE 19TH AND EARLY 20TH CENTURIES?

They corrupted the system making clients pay more

HOW DID THE US GOVERNMENT PREPARE THE NATION FOR WORLD WAR 1?

They had the Preparedness Movement, for one, which increased military sizes and weapon manufacturing. Before they were physically involved, the US also stood as a supplier to both the Allies and the Central Powers for weapons and other materials they needed for war. Many factories transformed from creating textiles and 'normal' products to war-focused items like uniforms, planes, guns, etc

COMPARE THE VIEWS OF BOOKER T WASHINGTON, W.EB DUBOIS AND MARCUS GARVERY RELATING TO THE AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE?

They were all historical figures

WHAT SOCIAL PROBLEMS NEEDED TO BE ADDRESSED IN THE UNITED STATES IN THE LATE 19TH AND EARLY 20TH CENTURIES?

scholars of the late 19th century early 20th century, the United States a serious social problem raised by a series of social policy research less, especially on social policy and social studies of linkages between ideas to be in-depth. This paper carried out to explore: the United States was the formulation of social policy and social change in ideas closely linked, this linkage is reflected in the social and ideological concepts, mainly as a Ward of 'social guide into say,' as well as the evolving field of philosophy pragmatic theory, these social changes in the promotion of ideas of social policy formulation.

WHO WERE THE SIGNIFICANT PEOPLE OR GROUPS OF RECONSTRUCTION AND WHAT WERE THEIR GOALS?

the goal of Reconstruction was to restore the union and compromise with the Southern states that ceded before and during the war. In order for Lincoln to restore our union he had to allow some flexibility with new laws so that the South would be want to come back to the union peacefully. The country was in a fragile state and even though many northerners were ready for complete civil rights for African Americans, if that were to happen the South would not be willing to come back to the Union. First of all Lincoln and his Congress created the 13th amendment that would completely abolish slavery, which was the beginning stages of restoration.

WHAT IMPACT DID THE 13TH, 14TH, AND 15TH AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION HAVE ON AFRICAN AMERICANS AND OTHERS?

13th- freed slaves 14th- equal protection under the law 15th-voting rights for blacks

How did the United States expand or contract rights for various populations during WWII?

300,000 Mexicans and 25,000 Native Americans joined the military and served in integrated units.African and Asian Americans were placed in segregated units and not allowed to serve in combat.Eventually, these units were allowed into active combat. Women at Home: As more workers were needed for war industries, the government encouraged women to work outside home. Women found themselves doing jobs that had traditionally been considered men's work. African Americans at Home: Many moved from rural areas to cities to look for work. They faced discrimination in hiring. With the "Double V" campaign, African Americans advocated for victory in the war overseas and victory against discrimination in the U.S. Executive Order 8802 was issued to guarantee fair hiring practices in any government-funded job.

WHAT WERE THE MAJOR FACTORS THAT DROVE UNITED STATES IMPERIALISM AND ACQUISITION OF NEW TERRITORIES?

A theory of imperialism says that imperialistic U.S. policies are driven not simply by the interests of American businesses, but by the interests of the economic elites of a global alliance of developed countries.

How were social movements of the 1960's & 1970's similar?

Age: One similarity between the various social movements was the energy and activism provided by the youth, particularly college students. This time period is remembered for student activism and militancy as college campuses saw both nonviolent protests and riots. Methods: Social movements usually began with nonviolent methods. All groups used boycotts, sit-ins, lawsuits, rallies, and marches to spread their message. Racial or Ethnic Pride: "Power" was the key word in many of the social movements. Red Power- Native American cultural identity, Brown Power- Hispanic ethnic pride, Black Power- collective African American power to achieve equality, Flower Power- anti-war movement to indicate choice of peace over war.

WHAT WERE THE CAUSES AND THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE CIVIL WAR?

Causes: 1: Conflict over slavery in the territories 2: Economic differences between the north and south 3: Failure of congress to compromise 4: Election of Lincoln as president 5: Session of the south states 6: Firing on fort Sumter Immediate Effects: 1: Abolition of slavery 2: Devastation of the south 3: Reconstruction of the south Long term effects: 1: Growth of industry 2: Government more powerful 3: Nation re-united

WHAT WERE THE CAUSES, COURSES, AND CONSEQUENCES OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION?

Causes: -The Stock Market crashed. It was the straw that broke the camel's back so to speak but was not the main cause of the Great Depression.The main causes were things that were there for years. -The Great Bull Market and the lack of stock regulation and controls -The farmers were already in their own depression long before the "Great Depression" began and started to lose their farms, couldn't pay taxes -banks failed, people started to withdraw money which put further strain on the system. It caused deflation -The Smoot-Hawley Tariff which drastically increased tariffs on goods entering the U.S. which made those goods very expensive. Also it caused the world markets to close down on buying U.S. goods in retaliation which significantly hurt the U.S. economy. Consequences: -High unemployment -Bread lines -Extreme poverty hit not just the lower classes but the middle classes and some of the upper classes as well. This depression cut across all class lines -People lost their homes, lived in shacks called "hoovervilles" after President Hoover -Farmers lost their farms -Trade shrunk -The Great Depression in America caused other countries to experience a depression, Germany was hit hard. -Social unrest (the Bonus Army protest for instance) -Sucide rates skyrocketed -The New Deal (included such programs as the WPA, Social Security, the CCC)

WHAT WAS THE IMPACT OF USA FOREIGN ECONOMIC POLICY DURING THE 1920'S?

Changes in exchange rates of world currencies and the effects on the balance of trade.

How did the proliferation of nuclear technology affect the United States and the world?

During the 1950's, both the U.S. and Soviet Union raced to perfect and build newer and more powerful weapons. JFK expanded American nuclear weapons by increasing military spending and expanding the use of submarine and land-base missiles. He convinced the nation this was the only way the U.S. could be safe from Soviet aggression. The Soviets responded by expanding their own military budget. Both sides were now building and stockpiling large amounts of nuclear weapons. SALT and INF: The Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty was signed in 1968 with the goal to stop the spread of nuclear weapons to nations that did not have the technology yet. The Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT I) and the Intermediate Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF) focused the world on figuring out how to safely dispose of the nuclear weapons they had rather than building newer and better weapons.

WHAT WERE THE ECONOMIC CHALLENGES TO AMERICAN FARMERS AND HOW DID FARMERS RESPOND TO THESE CHALLENGES IN THE MID TO LATE 1800s?

During the late 1800s, Great Plains farmers faced unpredictable droughts and precipitation, tornadoes, hail storms and blizzards. These challenges caused the farmers to lose their livelihood and homes.

COMPARE AND CONTRAST THE FIRST AND SECOND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONS IN THE UNITED STATES

First Industrial Revolution (1790s-1840s) 1. Common sources of power included wind, horse, man, and water. 2. Marked the change from the home system to the factory system 3. Started by Eli Whitney, Samuel Slater, and others who developed simple machines and factories to create fabric, and machine parts. 4. Confined to New England because New England had mountains, which offered waterfalls, which offered power. 5. Pulled women off the famrs to work in factories, the most famous of which was that located in Lowell, Massachusetts (started by Francis Lowell) 6. Helped lead to the Second Great Awakening in which reformers attempted to reform society of the evils this interest in marketing and money created. Women, children, slaves, and immigrants were helped by reformist causes at this time Second Industrial Revolution (1870-1910) 1. Started as a result of the increased demand for goods following the Civil War with the rebuilding of the South, the building of the railroads west, and the move off the farm to the cities in the north 2. Involved gasoline-powered motors and electrical-powered engines and turbines. 3. FACTORIES now took the place of small shops with one or two machines. Now the workers had to adapt to the factory and not the factory adapt to the worker 4. Led by John C. Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie, Cornelius Vanderbilt, J.P. Morgan, and Thomas A. Edison. 5. Thanks to the electric light now factories could stay open for 24 hours if necessary to pump out an endless stream of goods. 6. Led to the age of overseas imperialism and expansion as America needed larger and larger markets in which to sell these goods and FROM which to extrace the raw materials necessary to power these growing factories 7. Led to the Progressive Movement in which reformers attempted to clean up the evils brought on by the thirst for wealth and power generated by the above-mentioned 'robber-barons.'

What were the causes, course and consequences of WWII on the U.S. and the world?

German Aggression: Hitler rebuilt the German military and turned his sights on other countries. Hitler claimed Austria and forced it to become part of his empire. In 1938, he claimed the Sudeten land and soon after took over the rest of Czechoslovakia. In August 1939, Hitler signs a non-aggression pact with the Soviet Union. Hitler attacks Poland September 1, 1939. Two days later WWII begins as France and Britain declare war on Germany. Hitler and the Soviet Union began collectively invading countries in Europe. As Hitler planned to invade Britain, the British resistance caused him to postpone his plans. He instead invaded the Soviet Union. Japanese Aggression: The Great Depression hit Japan's economy hard. Japan's military leaders argued that Japan could solve its economic problems by expanding into other parts of Asia. The U.S. refused to recognize Japanese conquests. In an attempt to stop Japanese expansion, the U.S. banned exports of oil, steel, and other supplies to Japan. The two countries negotiated to avoid war, but Japan was determined to expand. Europe: America's allies were Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and China (Allies). All agreed that Germany was the greatest threat, "Europe First." Stalin urged the U.S. and Britain to open a second front in western Europe, but the U.S. and Britain argued they did not have enough resources. During the day, American planes bombed key German industry, and at night British planes bombed German cities. Pearl Harbor: On December 7, 1941, the Japanese launched a surprise air attack on the naval base at Pearl Harbor. The attack was devastating to the American Pacific fleet. The next day, FDR asked congress to declare war on Japan. Pacific: The Japanese could not be ignored in the Pacific even with the "Europe First" strategy. Initial actions were defensive,designed to protect areas not occupied by the Japanese. After a key victory at Midway, the U.S.went on the attack. Using a strategy of "island hopping," the U.S. worked their way toward Japan by moving from one strategic island to another. El Alamein: Key Allied victory in North Africa that kept Hitler from gaining access to the Middle Eastern oil supplies. This also stopped Germany from attacking the Soviets from the south. Stalingrad: in 1942, Hitler tried to gain control of Russian oil supplies and concentrated his army in southern Russia. Despite heavy losses, Hitler refused tosurrender. By the beginning of 1943, the German army surrendered. The Soviets drove the Germansout of the Soviet Union and the course of the war had turned against the Germans. D-Day(Normandy Invasion): June 6, 1944, the Allies open a second front against the Germans in France.The largest fleet ever assembled began landing on the beaches of Normandy. Overcoming brutalfighting, the Allies were able to pour over one million troops into Normandy. The Allies successfullybroke through German lines and liberated France. Midway: The U.S. navy defeated a much largerJapanese force. The victory prevented the Japanese from invading Hawaii and the U.S. was free toproceed with the island hopping strategy.

What were the causes, course and consequences of the early years of the Cold War?

Germany: After the war the Allies agreed to split Germany into four zones. The Soviets controlled the eastern part of Germany and most of Eastern and Central Europe. Stalin broke promises to hold free elections in Eastern Europe and give up control of the Soviet zone in Germany. West Germany resumed self-government and the East remained under Soviet control becoming a soviet country along with the other satellite states composing Eastern Europe. Rebuilding Europe: The U.S. worried that poverty in Western Europe may allow these countries to be easily influenced by communism. The Marshall Plan provided food, fuel, and money to these countries. Truman Doctrine: The U.S. would provide aid to nations struggling against communism. The policy did not try to roll back communism where it already existed, but it resisted communist aggression into other countries. NATO and Warsaw Pact: NATO was formed by the U.S., Canada, and Western Europe to prevent a Soviet invasion of Western Europe. The Soviet Union responded by forming the Warsaw Pact, a similar alliance between it and the seven communist countries in Eastern Europe. Communist China: The communist takeover in China increased Americans' fears that communism might eventually dominate most of the world. However, China and the Soviet Union were not strong allies. Nuclear Arms Race: In 1949, the Soviets test a nuclear weapon. This led to an arms race between the U.S. and the Soviets. Shortly, each side had enough weapons to destroy each other. This made both sides uneasy. To discourage attacks, Eisenhower adopted "massive retaliation" as a policy where the U.S. would threaten to use crush force, even nuclear weapons, if the U.S. or allies were threatened.

WHAT NEW TECHNOLOGY WAS USED IN WORLD WAR 1 AND WHAT IMPACT DID IT HAVE ON WARFARE?

Heavy machine guns made open field troop manoeuvres a massacre, resulting in trench warfare as the machine guns put favour on defence. Aircraft provided reconnaissance, and some minor troop harassment on the battlefield. Plus they introduced strategic bombing to warfare. Artillery developments increased the accuracy and rate of fire of artillery. Also, techniques for detection made counter battery fire much more dangerous. And of course the development of the tank completely change warfare forever. It allowed support weapons to be used in the attack again, countering the trench system. And advances in submarines meant they could actually be used as effective weapons.

how was immigration policy and attitudes toward immigration changed from 1990 to the present day?

Immigration is becoming more difficult as the time progresses

Identify 1960's era presidents and evaluate their success and failures domestically?

Kennedy: Deficit spending to stimulate the economy; Equal Pay Act; New Frontier - improve economy, improve education, improve healthcare, extend civil rights. Johnson: Great Society (included support for education and arts); Equal Opportunity Act (War on Poverty); Civil Rights Act (outlawed discrimination in the workplace). Nixon: New Federalism (return power to the states); Environmental laws (EPA, Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act, Endangered Species Act); civil rights and affirmative action.

Trace the significant foreign policy events during the Kennedy, Johnson and Nixon administrations?

Kennedy: Cuba (Bay of Pigs and Cuban Missile Crisis); military buildup, flexible response in military; Peace Corps (Americans volunteer around the world); Alliance for Progress (unsuccessfully promoted economic assistance to Latin America); military support for Vietnam. Johnson: Gulf of Tonkin incident used to greatly increase U.S. involvement in Vietnam. Nixon: Vietnam (expanded war to Cambodia, saw U.S. withdrawal from South Vietnam); Soviet Union (detente, SALT I); China (recognition of China as a sovereign nation; separation of Chinese affairs from the Soviet Union).

WHAT EXPERIENCES DID AFRICAN AMERICANS, HISPANICS, ASIANS, WOMEN, AND CONSCIENTIOUS OBJECTORS HAVE WHILE SERVING IN EUROPE?

Most women served as nurses in Europe during WWI. African Americans units were largely relegated to support roles and did not see much combat.

How did the U.S. assist the Allies prior to entry into WWII?

Neutrality Act of 1939: Allowed sale of material to warring nations on a cash and carry basis: nations were allowed to buy goods and arms in the U.S. only if they paid cash and carried away the goods on their own ships. Lend-Lease Act:Gave FDR the authority to sell or lend equipment to other countries that needed to defend themselves.

how did watergate affect the government and the people of the us

People began to not trust the us government because of all the lies during the Vietnam war

WHO WERE THE SIGNIFICANT INVENTORS AND WHAT DID THEY INVENT DURING THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION?

Person Invention Date James Watt First reliable Steam Engine 1775 Eli Whitney Cotton Gin, Interchangeable parts for muskets 1793, 1798 Robert Fulton Regular Steamboat service on the Hudson River 1807 Samuel F. B. Morse Telegraph 1836 Elias Howe Sewing Machine 1844 Isaac Singer Improves and markets Howe's Sewing Machine 1851 Cyrus Field Transatlantic Cable 1866 Alexander Graham Bell Telephone 1876 Thomas Edison Phonograph, First Long-Lasting Incandescant Light Bulb 1877, 1879 Nikola Tesla Induction Electric Motor 1888 Rudolf Diesel Diesel Engine 1892 Orville and Wilbur Wright First Airplane 1903 Henry Ford Model T Ford, Large-Scale Moving Assembly Line

How did the role of women change in the United States from post WWII to present?

Post WWII: Women left the workforce as veterans returned to civilian jobs. Many women married and raised families. Suburbs grew and the baby boom was underway. 1960s and 1970s: Women were active in the civil rights movements discovered they were still second-class citizens. Women were moving back into the workforce and there was growing rebellion against the traditional role of a suburban housewife. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 outlawed discrimination on the basis of sex, color, religions, or national origin. The National Organization for Women was founded to demand equal rights for women in the workplace, schools, and the justice system. The first goal was the Equal Rights Amendment which was passed, but failed to be ratified by states. Present: There are more women in the workplace than ever. Both married and single women are active in careers, especially in some careers that women were excluded from (law and medicine). However, women still tend to have lower paying jobs and have limits on the professional levels they can reach (glass ceiling). Even though there are more women in the workforce, there are many living in poverty. These are frequently single mothers who bear the cost of caring for their children and providing for all household expenses.

Identify the key figures and organization in shaping the Civil Rights Movement and Black Power Movement?

Rosa Parks: Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her bus seat to a white passenger. Her arrest led to the Montgomery bus boycott, the beginning of the post-WWII Civil Rights Movement. Martin Luther King, Jr.: Advocated nonviolent protests. King and followers were victims of threats and violence, but continued to meet threats with, patience, faith, and the refusal to back down. The Montgomery bus boycott gave King national attention. SNCC: The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee was composed mostly of young African Americans. They stage the Freedom Summer to help African Americans in Mississippi register to vote. Malcolm X: Malcolm X, a Nation of Islam minister, took a more militant response to civil rights. He preached self-reliance and self-protection and supported separation of races in order for African Americans to retain uniqueness and racial unity. Stokely Carmichael: Coined the term "Black Power." Whites perceived it to mean a violent, militant movement. Carmichael intended it to be for African Americans to use their collective power to achieve equality. Black Panthers: Black Panthers set up armed patrols in urban neighborhoods to protect African Americans from police brutality. They also provided free breakfasts for poor children. For white America, the Black Panthers symbolized the most militant side of the Civil Rights Movement.

WHAT WERE THE EFFECTS OF SHARECROPING AND DEBT PEONAGE AS PRACTICED IN THE USA?

Sharecroppers would get all the seeds, food, and equipment they needed from the company store, which allowed them to run a tab throughout the year and to settle up once the crops, usually cotton, were gathered.

How did the building of coalitions between African Americans, whites and other groups assist in achieving integration and equal rights?

Sit-in Protests: African Americans would sit at lunch counters that refused to serve blacks. There were instances of black students being assisted by whites and other minorities in this nonviolent protest. They produced a peaceful front even when being treated harshly. March on Washington: More than 200,000 people converged in Washington, D.C. They represented many different backgrounds, but all came to support civil rights. Over 25% were white. Freedom Summer: A push by the SNCC to help African Americans in Mississippi register to vote. Work was conducted by volunteers, most were upper middle-class white students from northern states. Poor People's Campaign: The goal of the event was to demonstrate the diversity of the nation's poor. The protest itself was a failure, but it was an attempt to show the nation that poverty was not confined to any one ethnic group.

HOW DID SOCIETY SHOW SUPPORT FOR AND RESISTANCE TO THE CIVIL RIGHTS FOR WOMEN, AFRICAN AMERICANS, NATIVA AMERICANS, AND OTHERS?

Some people supported civil rights and most people were against it. They would assault those fighting for civil rights

WHAT WAS THE RED SCARE AND HOW DID THE PUBLIC REACT TO IT?

The "Red Scare" refers to the fear of communism in the USA during the 1920's. Americans were extremely scared of communism, so after a series of bomb explosions in 1919, a campaign was started against the communists.

How did the Allies attempt to promote international justice through the Nuremburg Trials?

The Allies did not comprehend the full horror of the Holocaust until they begin to liberate concentration camps. The atrocities they saw could not go unpunished. The trials were used to try key Nazi leaders. Most of the leaders said they were following orders and were not personally responsible for the crimes. Allied judged rejected the defense stating that individual have responsibility for their own actions regardless of orders. The testimony produced at the Nuremberg Trials has been preserved for future generations to provide clear evidence regarding the horrors of the Holocaust.

WHAT EFFECTS DID THE BLACK CODES AND THE NADIR HAVE ON FREED PEOPLE?

The Black Codes would limit blacks' ability to control their own employment. This meant that they could not be owned and forced to do anything they did not want to.

How did the Holocaust impact Jews as well as other groups during WWII?

The Holocaust refers to the Nazis' effort to kill Jewish people and other groups: Poles, Slavs, gypsies, homosexuals, the mentally ill, and political opponents. Nazi abuse of Jews began in the 1930's. In 1941, Hitler implemented the "Final Solution," the organized murder of Jews in death camps. 6 million Jews were killed.

HOW DID WESTWARD EXPANSION INFLUENCE THE LIVES OF NATIVE AMERICANS?

The Indian Removal Act forced the Native Americans to move on to reservations, while their children were taken and forced to abandon their religion, culture, and language.

HOW DID JIM CROW LAWS INFLUENCE LIFE FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS AND OTHER RACIAL/ETHNIC MINORITY GROUPS?

The Jim Crow laws which were enforced following the 'separate but equal' verdict that was set down by the Supreme Court following Plessey v.Ferguson segregated facilities in the South such as schools, parks and transport meaning that African Americans had to eat in separate restaurants, use separate toilets and drink from separate water fountains. They were also required to sit at the back of buses and give up their seats to white passengers. The facilities for African Americans were often underfunded and of poor quality, however African Americans felt powerless to challenge segregation as they faced losing their jobs, imprisonment or intimidation from white supremacist groups such as the Ku Klux Klan. Most facilities were segregated until the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was passed.

What was the rationale for the formation of the United Nations, including the contribution of Mary McLeod Bethune?

The League of Nations lacked the power to stop the aggression that led to WWII. Americans, evaluating the causes of WWII, were convinced that the policy of isolationism was part of the blame. To prevent future wars, the U.S. looked to cooperate with other nations to prevent future wars from occurring. The purpose of the UN is to prevent global war by resolving conflicts, providing aid to need countries, and promote human rights. Floridian Mary McLeod Bethune was one of three African American consultants on the U.S. delegation to devise the United Nations Charter.

WHAT WERE THE ISSUES THAT DIVIDED REPUBLICANS DURING THE EARLY RECONSTRUCTION ERA?

The Radical Republicans strongly opposed slavery during the war and after the war distrusted ex-Confederates, demanding harsh policies for Reconstruction.

HOW DID THE ECONOMIC BOOM DURING THE ROARING TWENTIES CHANGE CONSUMERS, BUSINESSES, MANUFACTURING, AND MARKETING PRACTICES?

The Roaring Twenties was a decade of great economic growth and widespread prosperity driven by recovery from wartime devastation and postponed spending, a boom in construction, and the rapid growth of consumer goods such as automobiles and electricity. The economy of the United States, which had successfully transitioned from a wartime economy to a peacetime economy, boomed and provided loans for a European boom as well. However, there were sectors that were stagnant, especially farming and mining.

WHAT WERE THE CAUSES, COURSE AND CONSEQUENCES OF THE SPANISH AMERICAN WAR?

The Spanish American War was caused by the overall military aggression of the United States in the late 1800's. More specifically, the war was fought for the freedom of the Cubans. American Society supported the Cuban revolt against Spanish misrule. This overall willingness to go to war pressured McKinley into declaring war on Spain. Much of the support from the war occurred due to the explosion of the Maine while anchored in a Spanish controlled area. Yellow journalism then aggravated Americans more with the horrific stories that were invented. All of these factors added up to cause the Spanish American War.

WHAT WERE THE CAUSES, COURSE AND CONSEQUENCES OF THE UNITED STATES INVOLVEMENT IN WW1?

The US was a formal participant in WWI from April 6, 1917 until the war's end in November 11 1918. Up to that point, the US had remained neutral, though the US had been an important supplier to Britain and other Allied powers. During the war, the US mobilized over 4,000,000 military personnel and suffered 110,000 deaths, including 43,000 due to the influenza pandemic.

WHAT WERE THE ECONIMIC, MILITARY, AND SECURITY MOTIVATIONS OF THE USA TO COMPLETE THE PANAMA CANAL AS WELL AS MAJOR OBSTACLES INVOLVED IN ITS CONSTRUCTION?

WHAT WERE THE ECONIMIC, MILITARY, AND SECURITY MOTIVATIONS OF THE USA TO COMPLETE THE PANAMA CANAL AS WELL AS MAJOR OBSTACLES INVOLVED IN ITS CONSTRUCTION?

What non violent and violent approaches were utilized by various groups to achieve civil rights?

African Americans: Years of boycotts, sit-ins, and other nonviolent protests led by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., inspired the March on Washington. The march was planned to pressure Congress to pass civil rights legislation. King's "I Have a Dream" speech, the crowd of over 200,000 nonviolent demonstrations, influenced public opinion toward favoring civil rights legislation. For all their progress, many African Americans were prevented from voting in the South. The Voting Rights Act of 195 outlawed literacy tests and allowed the federal government to oversee voter registration. Along with the 24th Amendment, outlawing the poll tax, the act caused African American voter registration to increase dramatically. Women: Women's rights groups became active and vocal in the early 1960s. Women used a variety of nonviolent methods to gain support for women's issues. They held marches and rallies, lobbied government officials, and used the legal system. Native Americans: The Red Power movement gained public attention as a response the termination policy. Termination was the government's place to develop "independence" for Native Americans by withdraw assistance like health care. 700 Native Americans representing 64 Native American nations met in Chicago to oppose the termination movement. The Red Power movement became violent at times: 1969 occupation of Alcatraz Island; 1972 takeover of the Bureau of Indian Affairs headquarters; and, the 1973 standoff with Federal Marshalls at Wounded Knee in South Dakota. Hispanics: Hispanic workers became more vocal in their demands for better pay. Cesar Chavez and the National Farm Workers Association drew attention to their cause by striking in front of grocery stores. The Chicano movement became active, which was similar to Black Power, worked to instill ethnic pride.

What were the causes, course and consequences of the Korean War?

At the end of WWII, the U.S. and Soviets agreed to divide Korea along the 38th parallel of latitude. A communist government was set up and supplied in North Korea by Stalin. The U.S. backed a non-communist country in the South. In June 1950, North Korea invaded South Korea. The United Nation voted to assist South Korea fight back. UN troops led by American Douglas MacArthur drove North Korea troops out of South Korea all the way back to the Chinese border. At this point, the Chinese sent troops to help the North Koreans push UN troops back to South Korea. After two years, the war ended in a stalemate. In 1953, both sides signed a cease-fire, still in effect today.

What were the causes, course and consequences of the Vietnam War?

In the 1950's, the country of Vietnam was also divided into two countries: communist North and non-communist South. The U.S. provided economic and military aid to South Vietnam. Eisenhower believed that if South Vietnam fell to the Communists, the other countries in SE Asia would also fall to communism like a row of dominoes (domino theory). The South Vietnamese government was unpopular and in danger of being overthrow. The National Liberation Front was the communist rebel group looking to unite Vietnam. Their military wing was called the Vietcong, and were known for using hit-and-run guerilla tactics. U.S. Involvement: After Kennedy was elected, he increased involvement in Vietnam. In 1961, he sent Special Forces troops to South Vietnam to "advise." Under Johnson, military forces in Vietnam were built up. After the Gulf of Tonkin in 1964, Congress authorized Johnson to take all necessary measures to prevent communist aggression in SE Asia. The U.S. began bombing North Vietnam and sent more troops into combat. It was a limited war (North Vietnam was not invaded) as the U.S. was afraid of drawing the Chinese and Soviets into the war. By 1968, there were half a million troops in Vietnam. Americans had a numerical and technological advantage in fighting, but the Vietcong and North Vietnamese used guerilla tactics and their knowledge of the land to only fight battles they knew they could win. War Protest: Many American citizens and political leaders questioned the wisdom of staying the Vietnam War. President Johnson continued to state the war was nearly won, and it was continually disproved. College campuses became the centers of the antiwar protest. The War Ends: When Nixon was running for President he promised to bring peace. He began to withdraw American forces and began to replace them with South Vietnamese in a policy called "Vietnamization." The policy was not effective as American soldiers remained in Vietnam for four more years. The Paris Peace Accords were signed by the U.S., South Vietnam, North Vietnam, and the Vietcong. The peace included withdrawal of U.S. troops from Vietnam and the return of American prisoners of war. For the U.S., the war was over but the fighting continued in Vietnam with the North prevailing.

WHAT INFLUENCE DID HOLLYWOOD, THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE, THE FUNDAMENTALIST MOVEMENT, AND PROHIBITION HAVE IN CHANGING AMERICAN SOCIETY IN THE 1920'S?

It created a sense of freedom and expression especially the Harlem Renaissance

what was the us foreign policy as it relates to africa, asia, carribean, latin america, and middle east?

It was to help build up communities and create jobs so they wouldn't resort to communism

Trace the significant foreign policy events during the Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy, Johnson and Nixon administrations and evaluate their success and failures.

Truman and Eisenhower: Truman's events included the conclusion of WWI and the decision to use atomic weapons. The Marshall Plan provided resources to help Europe, and the Truman Doctrine pledge to aid nations threatened by communism. The Korean War put this policy into effect. Eisenhower oversaw the cease-fire ending the Korean War and kept the U.S. out of entanglements in other countries. Bay of Pigs: Eisenhower broke off relations with Cuba and directed the CIA to make plans to invade Cuba and overthrow Fidel Castro. Kennedy decided to implement the plan and 1,400 Cuban exiles invaded Cuba. The plan ended in disaster. Kennedy accepted responsibility for the failure, but insisted he would resist the spread of communism in the Western Hemisphere. Cuban Missile Crisis: In 1962, Kennedy learned the Soviets were building missile sites in Cuba. This put nuclear weapons in range of several large American cities. Kennedy demanded the Soviets remove the missiles. For six days, the world waited to see if nuclear war would break out. Finally, the Soviet Union backed down and removed the missiles. Vietnam: The U.S. involvement in Vietnam began with Eisenhower and was escalated under Kennedy. Johnson turned the conflict into a full scale military action. By 1968, 500,000 U.S. troops were in Vietnam and the U.S. was looking for a way out. The end of U.S. involvement occurred under Nixon, but South Vietnam fell to North Vietnam during the Ford administration. China and Detente: Nixon is known for escalating and then ending U.S. involvement in Vietnam, but his foreign policy greatly reduced Cold War rivalries. In 1972, Nixon traveled to the Soviet Union and negotiated directly with Soviet leaders. Nixon's policy toward the Soviets was called detente, a relaxing of tensions between the U.S. and Soviet Union. Nixon successfully opened dialogue with China (he traveled to China in addition to USSR) and began separating China from the Soviet Union (increase of travel and trade).

WHAT WERE THE ECONOMIC OUTCOMES OF DEMOBILIZATION?

Truman had become President after FDR's death, and was subsequently the one who had to face the possible economic consequences of demobilization - as war contracts were cancelled and price controls removed, cutbacks in production led to layoffs and inflation

Analyze the attempts to extend New Deal legislation through Great Society and the success and failure of these programs to promote social and economic stability?

Truman: Proposed his Fair Deal to strengthen New Deal reforms. A hostile congress refused most of his proposals. Eisenhower: Did not repeal any New Deal programs and increased spending in many areas. Continued Social Security, the minimum wage and provided funding for the interstate highway system and science education. Kennedy: Carried on New Deal legislation and improved some parts of it. Continued Social Security, increased the minimum wage, and improve the welfare system. Johnson: Did more than any other president to extend New Deal legislation. The goal of his War on Poverty was to end poverty and injustice for every child. His Great Society program included: Medicare, Medicaid, Civil Rights Act, Voting Rights Act, Economic Opportunity Act (Job Corps), Head Start, etc.