EPS 601 Chapter 9 (Behavior therapy, study guide)

23. The behavior therapy movement differed from other therapeutic approaches in the belief that life can be shaped by ourselves rather than by our childhood experiences. a. True b. False

False Review the section "historical background" in the text

58. There is no place for the role of thinking process and attitudes in contemporary behavior therapy.​ a. True b. False

False See page 234

49. Modeling is a form of systematic desensitization.​ a. True b. False

False See page 243

54. Albert Bandura is directly responsible for promoting the "third wave" of behavior therapy. ​ a. True b. False

False See page 250

55. Mindfulness involves judgment and careful evaluation of one's thoughts.​ a. True b. False

False See page 250

68. Acceptance is one of the third-generation behavior therapies' five interrelated core themes.​ a. True b. False

False See page 250

62. In mindfulness practice, clients train themselves to intentionally focus on their "past experience with acceptance."​ a. True b. False

False See page 251

67. There is little empirical support for acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT).​ a. True b. False

False See page 255

69. In acceptance and commitment therapy, values are a basic part; however, the work does not depend on what an individual wants and values.​ a. True b. False

False See page 256

25. Behavior therapy practitioners focus on directly observable behavior, current determinants of behavior, learning experiences that promote change, tailoring treatment strategies to individual clients, and rigorous assessment and evaluation. a. True b. False

True For more information on this topic, see "Historical Background" in the text.

21. A criticism of behavior therapy is that it treats symptoms rather than causes problems. a. True b. False

True For more information on this topic, see "summary" in the text (ch9)

24. Acceptance and commitment therapy is an example of the social learning approach. a. True b. False

True Review the section "self-management programs and self directed behavior" in the text

59. Behavior therapy has undergone important changes and has expanded considerably.​ a. True b. False

True See page 234

51. ​ A trend in contemporary behavior therapy is the increased emphasis on the role of thinking in behavior. a. True b. False

True See page 236

61. Behavior therapists believe that insight is not a necessary condition for behavior change to occur.​ a. True b. False

True See page 237

53. ​A behavior therapist makes use of the technique of open-ended questioning for the purpose of obtaining important information related to the client's problem. a. True b. False

True See page 238

70. Progressive muscle relaxation has become increasingly popular as a method of teaching people to cope with stresses produced by daily living.​ a. True b. False

True See page 242

48. Systematic desensitization typically includes the use of relaxation procedures.​ a. True b. False

True See page 243

50. The third generation (or "third wave") of behavior therapy emphasizes considerations that were considered off limits for behavior therapists until recently.​ a. True b. False

True See page 250

56. Third-generation behavior therapies center around five interrelated core themes.​ a. True b. False

True See page 250

63. Through mindfulness exercises, veterans may be better able to observe repetitive negative thinking and prevent extensive engagement with maladaptive ruminative processes.​ a. True b. False

True See page 251

71. Many therapeutic approaches are incorporating mindfulness and meditation, as well as other contemplative practices, in the counseling process.​ a. True b. False

True See page 251

65. Dialectical behavior therapy requires both individual and group treatment.​ a. True b. False

True See page 252

57. ​ Behavior therapy has been shown to be effective in the treatment of chronic pain. a. True b. False

True See page 256

60. Dialectical behavior therapy integrates behavioral techniques with psychoanalytic concepts and mindfulness training of Eastern psychological and spiritual practices.​ a. True b. False

True See page 263

64. Evidence-based therapies are a hallmark of both behavior therapy and cognitive behavior therapy.​ a. True b. False

True See page 263

66. Mindfulness shows promise across a broad range of clinical problems, including the treatment of depression, anxiety disorders, relationship problems, substance abuse, and psychophysiological disorders. ​ a. True b. False

True See pages 251, 252

36. ​ Which of the following behavior therapists is credited with developing the social cognitive learning model, doing much work on observational learning and modeling, and writing about self-efficacy? a. Bandura b. Linehan c. Wolpe d. Jacobson

a. Bandura See page 234

12. What is not a part of the steps in a self-directed change program? a. Exploration of one's family constellation b. Selecting goals c. Self-monitoring d. A self-reinforcement system

a. Exploration of one's family constellation Reasoning: Selecting goals, self-monitoring, and self-reinforcement planning are some steps in in a self-directed change program. See "Self-Management Programs and Self-Directed Behavior."

17. _____________ is a three-pronged methodology to process past memories, current situations, and the skills that provide positive memory templates to guide future behavior. a. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing b. In vivo exposure c. Dialectical behavior therapy d. Systematic desensitization

a. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing Reasoning: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing is a three-pronged methodology to process past memories, current situations, and the skills that provide positive memory templates to guide future behavior. See "Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing."

41. ​ _____________ involves the escape from or the avoidance of unpleasant stimuli. a. Negative reinforcement b. Positive reinforcement c. ​Punishment d. Systematic desensitization

a. Negative reinforcement See page 241

6. Which is not true of the relationship between therapist and client in behavior therapy? a. The therapist is solely responsible for setting treatment goals. b. The relationship is considered collaborative. c. Therapist and client work together in a warm and flexible manner. d. The therapeutic relationship is an important factor in treatment outcomes.

a. The therapist is solely responsible for setting treatment goals. Reasoning: All of the statements except the first one are true of the relationship between therapist and client in behavior therapy. See "Relationship Between Therapist and Client."

22. Modeling methods have been used in treating people with anger management issues and in teaching new behaviors to children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. a. True b. False

a. True For more information on this topic, see "social skills training" in the text

3. Behavior therapy is based on: a. an experimental analysis of behavior in the client's own social environment. b. a systematic set of concepts. c. a well-developed theory of personality. d. the principle of self-actualization.

a. an experimental analysis of behavior in the client's own social environment. Reasoning: Behavior therapy is based on an experimental analysis of behavior in the client's own social environment. See "Strengths From a Diversity Perspective."

39. ​ Wolpe's systematic desensitization is based on the principles of: a. classical conditioning. b. operant conditioning. c. modeling. d. motivational interviewing.

a. classical conditioning. See page 235

9. Behavior therapists look to the current environmental events that maintain problem behaviors and help clients produce behavior change by changing environmental events, through a process called: a. functional assessment. b. motivational interviewing. c. mindfulness-based stress reduction. d. reorientation.

a. functional assessment. Reasoning: Behavior therapists look to the current environmental events that maintain problem behaviors and help clients produce behavior change by changing environmental events, through a process called functional assessment. See "Basic Characteristics and Assumptions."

45. ​ All of the following are steps in the use of systematic desensitization except for: a. hypnosis. b. relaxation training. c.​ the development of an anxiety hierarchy. d. psychoeducation.

a. hypnosis. See page 243

16. In light of the third generation of behavior therapy, mindfulness is defined as a. the awareness that emerges through having attention on purpose, in the present moment, and nonjudgmentally, to the unfolding or experience moment by moment. b. the assessment process in multimodal therapy. c. under the idea that change can be brought about by teaching people to use coping skills in problematic situations. d. not beneficial for clients with behavioral problems.

a. the awareness that emerges through having attention on purpose, in the present moment, and nonjudgmentally, to the unfolding or experience moment by moment. Reasoning: In light of the third generation of behavior therapy, mindfulness is defined as the awareness that emerges through having attention on purpose, in the present moment, and nonjudgmentally, to the unfolding or experience moment by moment. See "Mindfulness and Acceptance-Based Approaches."

11. Phil has been in behavior therapy to address his fear of heights. The treatment will not be considered complete until Phil a. transfers what he learns in therapy to his everyday life and takes actual steps to confront his fear. b. agrees to take up sky diving as a hobby. c. has absolutely no fear of heights, which may be measured by his willingness to move to one of the top floors of a skyscraper. d. acknowledges his fear.

a. transfers what he learns in therapy to his everyday life and takes actual steps to confront his fear. Reasoning: In this case, the treatment will not be considered complete until Phil transfers what he learns in therapy to his everyday life and takes actual steps to confront his fear. See "Therapist's Function and Role."

18. What is a distinguishing characteristic of behavioral practitioners involved in the group setting? a. Formulation of the treatment goals b. Adherence to specification and measurement c. Assuming a judgmental role for resolution of client problems d. Subjective evaluation of the outcomes of therapy

b. Adherence to specification and measurement Reasoning: Adherence to specification and measurement is a distinguishing characteristic of behavioral practitioners involved in the group setting. See "Application to Group Counseling."

47. ​Albert Bandura is credited with originally developing the progressive relaxation procedure. a. True b. False

b. False See page 234

34. ​ B. F. Skinner is associated with which of the following trends in the behavioral approach? a. Classical conditioning b. Operant conditioning c. Multimodal therapy d. Dialectical behavior therapy

b. Operant conditioning See page 232

28. ​ Which of the following interventions is not associated with the third wave of behavior therapy? a. Dialectical behavior therapy b. Relaxation training c. Acceptance and commitment therapy d. Mindfulness based cognitive therapy

b. Relaxation training See page 234

29. ​ Which of the following is not true regarding behavior therapy? a. The client must be an active participant. b. The client is merely passive while the therapist uses techniques. c. If clients are not involved or motivated, the chances are slim that therapy will be successful. d. Both therapist and client need to work together for common goals.

b. The client is merely passive while the therapist uses techniques. See page 237

13. Which of the following is true about "technical eclecticism" in multimodal therapy? a. Therapists borrow techniques exclusively from the social learning model. b. Therapists use techniques from a variety of theories to a wide range of problems. c. The client is fit into a predetermined treatment. d. It is considered confusing to the client.

b. Therapists use techniques from a variety of theories to a wide range of problems. Reasoning: Feedback: All of the statements except the second one are false about "technical eclecticism" in multimodal therapy. See "Self-Management Programs and Self-Directed Behavior."

30. ​ In the ABC model, the A stands for: a. arbitrary behaviors. b. antecedents. c. actions. d. assessment.

b. antecedents. See page 238

20. In vivo flooding consists of: a. brief and graduated series of exposures to feared events. b. exposure to actual anxiety-evoking events rather than simply imagining these situations. c. imagined exposure to fearful experiences paired with muscle relaxation. d. guided use of mindfulness techniques.

b. exposure to actual anxiety-evoking events rather than simply imagining these situations. Reasoning: In vivo flooding consists of exposure to actual anxiety-evoking events rather than just imagination of them. See "Application: Therapeutic Techniques and Procedures."

46. ​ Techniques used in mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy include all but: a. ​yoga. b. flooding. c. body scan meditation. d. formal and informal meditation.

b. flooding. See page 253

35. ​ In terms of ethical accountability, behavior therapy: a. does not address this issue. b. is ethically neutral in that it does not dictate whose behavior or what behavior should be changed. c. offers a greater chance of abusing interventions than do other approaches. d. makes use of techniques that have questionable validity.

b. is ethically neutral in that it does not dictate whose behavior or what behavior should be changed. See page 264

19. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) integrates techniques from: a. multimodal therapy and mindfulness. b. mindfulness-based stress reduction and cognitive behavior therapy. c. motivational interviewing and mindfulness. d. yoga, systematic desensitization, and mindfulness.

b. mindfulness-based stress reduction and cognitive behavior therapy. Reasoning: Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) integrates techniques from mindfulness-based stress reduction and cognitive behavior therapy. See "Mindfulness and Acceptance-Based Approaches."

40. ​ The situation in which behaviors are influenced mainly by the consequences that follow them is: a. classical conditioning. b. operant conditioning. c. modeling. d. flooding.

b. operant conditioning. See page 235

14. Multimodal therapy is a therapeutic approach that is grounded on a. cognitive behavior therapy. b. social cognitive learning theory. c. applied behavior analysis. d. operant conditioning.

b. social cognitive learning theory. Reasoning: Multimodal therapy is a therapeutic approach that is grounded on social cognitive learning theory. See "Four Areas of Development."

27. All of the following are functions of the behavior therapist, except:​ a. to provide modeling for the client. b. to provide a direct and therapist run therapeutic environment. c. to assess specific behavior problems. d. to provide reinforcement for clients.

b. to provide a direct and therapist run therapeutic environment. See page 238

38. During the 1980s, behavior therapy:​ a. continued without growing. b. was characterized by a search for new horizons in concepts and methods that went beyond traditional learning theory. c. adopted a stronger medical perspective. d. realized applying behavior therapy principles to prevention of disease and illness would not be beneficial.

b. was characterized by a search for new horizons in concepts and methods that went beyond traditional learning theory. See page 234

37. ​ Which of the following distinguishes the cognitive trend in behavior therapy from the trends of classical and operant conditioning? a. A focus on experimental analysis b. A focus on evaluating therapeutic procedures c. Developing procedures that give control to clients and thus increase their range of freedom d. The integration of mindfulness approaches as a basic part of any treatment procedure

c. Developing procedures that give control to clients and thus increase their range of freedom See page 236

15. Which of the following is one of shortcomings of behavior therapy? a. It overemphasizes on feeling and the neglect of cognition. b. It overemphasizes on insight. c. It may change behaviors, but it does not change feelings. d. It has a need for long-term treatment to effect change.

c. It may change behaviors, but it does not change feelings. Reasoning: One of shortcomings of behavior therapy is that it may change behaviors, but it does not change feelings. See "Summary."

8. Which anxiety reduction technique involves creating a hierarchy of the client's fearful experiences? a. Assertive training b. Operant conditioning c. Systematic desensitization d. Social reinforcement

c. Systematic desensitization Reasoning: Systematic desensitization is an anxiety reduction technique that involves creating a hierarchy of the client's fearful experiences. See "Application: Therapeutic Techniques and Procedures."

4. Michael believes that he will be able to improve his public speaking skills after completing a speech course at school. Based on social-cognitive theory, one might observe that Michael is not lacking in: a. arrogance and grandiosity. b. intelligence. c. self-efficacy. d. cognitive functioning.

c. self-efficacy. Reasoning: Based on social-cognitive theory, it is evident that Michael does not lack in self-efficacy. See "Four Areas of Development."

2. Behavior therapy is characterized by all of the following, except: a. a focus on overt specific behavior. b. a formulation of precise treatment goals. c. the subjective diagnosis of the therapist. d. the design of an appropriate treatment plan.

c. the subjective diagnosis of the therapist. Reasoning: Behavior therapy is characterized by a focus on overt specific behavior, a formulation of precise treatment goals, and the design of an appropriate treatment plan. See "Basic Characteristics and Assumptions."

31. ​ Which statement is not true? a.​ Because cognitive factors have a place in the practice of behavior therapy, techniques from this approach can be used to attain humanistic ends. b.​ Contemporary behavior therapy is grounded on a scientific view of human behavior. c. Behavioral methods can be applied to a diverse client population. d. Contemporary behavior therapy is increasingly concerned with therapists' behavioral control.

d. Contemporary behavior therapy is increasingly concerned with therapists' behavioral control. See page 262

1. Behavioral practitioners stress the value of establishing a collaborative working relationship with clients along with which of the following attributes for behavioral change to occur? a. Determination, negotiation, and authoritativeness b. Awareness, authoritativeness, and subjectivity c. Judgment, confrontation, and authenticity d. Empathy, authenticity, and acceptance

d. Empathy, authenticity, and acceptance Behavioral practitioners stress the value of establishing a collaborative working relationship with clients along with empathy, authenticity, and acceptance for behavioral change to occur. See "Relationship Between Therapist and Client."

42. ​ In dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), skills are taught in four modules. Which among the following is not one of the modules listed in the text? a. Mindfulness b. Interpersonal effectiveness c. Emotional regulation d. Relapse prevention

d. Relapse prevention See page 252

32. ​ Which of the following is not a basic characteristic of behavior therapy? a. Treatment goals are specific and concrete. b. It is grounded in learning theory. c.​ Many specific techniques are supported by research. d. The therapist is manipulative and controlling.

d. The therapist is manipulative and controlling. See page 236

10. Which of the following is not true about how behavior therapists function in the therapeutic setting? a. They use techniques such as summarizing, reflection, clarification, and open-ended questioning. b. They focus on using a variety of techniques in narrowly treating specific behavioral problems. c. They complete a formal assessment prior to treatment to determine behaviors that are targets for change. d. They serve as a model for the client and do not require behavioral change in the client.

d. They serve as a model for the client and do not require behavioral change in the client. Reasoning: All of the statements except the last one are true about how behavior therapists function in the therapeutic setting. See "Strengths From a Diversity Perspective."

26. ​ Behavior therapy assumes that: a. behavior is the result of unconscious forces. b. behavior is the result of free choices. c. behavior is determined by psychic energy. d. behavior is learned.

d. behavior is learned See page 237

44. ​ All of the following are characteristics of the behavioral approaches except: a. behavior therapy relies on the principles and procedures of the scientific method. b. behavior therapy specifies treatment goals in concrete and objective terms. c.​ behavior therapy focuses on the client's current problems and the factors influencing them. d. behavior therapy employs the same procedures to every client with a particular dysfunctional behavior.

d. behavior therapy employs the same procedures to every client with a particular dysfunctional behavior. See page 236

7. All of the following are true about social skills training except: a. it is a psychoeducational approach to interpersonal growth. b. it involves modeling and direct instruction and coaching. c. it uses role playing exercises to simulate social situations. d. it requires clients to engage in catharsis.

d. it requires clients to engage in catharsis. Reasoning: All of the statements except the last one are true about social skills training. See "Social Skills Training."

5. The general goals of behavior therapy are: a. to foster self-actualization. b. to expand self-understanding and insight. c. to assist clients in making value judgments concerning their behavior. d. to create new conditions for learning.

d. to create new conditions for learning Reasoning: The general goal of behavior therapy is to create new conditions for learning. See "Therapist's Function and Role."

33. ​ Who has done most of the work in the area of modeling? a. Joseph Wolpe b. ​Hans Eysenck c. ​E. Jacobson d. ​Albert Bandura

d. ​Albert Bandura See page 232

43. ​ _________ is a key pioneer of clinical behavior therapy because of his broadening of its conceptual bases and development of multimodal therapy. a. ​Albert Bandura b. Joseph Wolpe c. ​B.F. Skinner d. ​Arnold Lazarus

d. ​Arnold Lazarus See page 250

52. In regards to third-generation behavior therapies, one of the core themes is creating a life worth living.​ a. True b. False

true See page 251