Esophagram & Upper GI (Section 1)
The expanded portion of the terminal esophagus is called the:
cardiac antrum
The vermiform appendix of the colon is attached to the:
cecum
The area of the colon identified in the figure below is the:
cecum.
The main functions of the small bowel are _____ of food.
digestion & absorption
The exocrine cells of the pancreas function to produce and secrete:
digestive juice.
The widest portion of the small bowel is the:
duodenum.
One of the most important technical considerations in gastrointestinal radiography is:
elimination of motion.
What is the degree of body rotation for the PA oblique projection of the esophagus?
35 to 40 degrees
How many natural constrictions are in the esophagus?
4
How much is the body rotated for the PA oblique projection of the stomach and duodenum?
40 to 70 degrees
What is the average degree of body rotation for an AP oblique projection of the stomach and duodenum?
45 degrees
What is the length of the large intestine?
5 feet
Food and fluid should be withheld for how many hours before a stomach examination?
8
Which of the following best describes the administration of barium for an esophagram being performed for esophageal varices?
Exhale, swallow the barium, hold breath out.
What is the respiration phase for all radiographic exposures of the stomach and intestines?
Expiration
For which type of body habitus is the stomach almost horizontal?
Hypersthenic
The degree of body rotation for the PA oblique projection of the stomach will depend on the body habitus. The greatest degree of rotation would be used for which body habitus?
Hypersthenic
The opening between the small intestine and the large intestine is called the:
ileocecal valve
The most distal portion of the small intestine is the:
ileum.
The contraction waves by which the digestive tube moves its contents toward the rectum are called:
peristalsis.
The two vessels that supply blood to the liver are the:
portal vein and hepatic artery.
The muscle controlling the opening between the stomach and the duodenum is termed the:
pyloric sphincter.
Which position is used for the PA oblique projection of the esophagus?
35 to 40 degree RAO
What is the absolute maximum exposure time for images of the GI tract to avoid imaging peristaltic motion?
0.5 second
What is the length of the average adult small intestine?
22 feet
How long does it take barium to go through the alimentary canal and reach the rectum?
24 hours
How much lower should the IR be positioned when the upright position is used for projections of the stomach?
3 to 6 inches
Which of the following planes is centered to the grid for the PA oblique projection of the stomach and duodenum?
A longitudinal plane midway between the vertebrae and the lateral border of the elevated side
A PA projection of the stomach and duodenum can be performed using a 10 x 12-inch (24 x 30 cm) exposure field. Which of the following describes the plane that is centered to the grid for this projection?
A sagittal plane passing halfway between the midline and the lateral border of the abdomen
All of the following are the essential projections for an esophagus series, except:
AP axial oblique.
Which projection of the stomach is demonstrated in this figure?
AP oblique
Which are essential oblique projections of the stomach and duodenum?
AP projection, LPO & PA projection, RAO
Which of the following contrast media are used for examinations of the gastrointestinal tract?
Air, Barium sulfate & Water-soluble iodinated solution
For which type of body habitus is the stomach nearly vertical?
Asthenic
The superior tube like structure of the stomach is called the:
Cardiac atrium
The stomach wall is composed of how many layers?
Four
The wall of the colon is composed of how many layers?
Four
The wall of the small intestine is composed of how many coats?
Four
The upper part of the stomach (farthest from the opening) is called the:
Fundus
Which structure is air-filled on double-contrast images of the stomach obtained in the PA oblique projection, RAO position?
Fundus
Which drug may be given to the patient before a double-contrast examination of the stomach to relax the gastrointestinal tract?
Glucagon
At which level is the IR centered for a PA projection of the stomach and duodenum?
L1/L2
At which level is the IR centered for an AP or PA oblique stomach and duodenum?
L1/L2
In which abdominal quadrant is the spleen located?
LUQ
Which of the following will demonstrate the duodenal bulb and loop in profile?
PA oblique, RAO
What is the recommended oblique projection and position for the best demonstration of the esophagus?
PA, RAO
The inferior part of the stomach is called the:
Pyloric atrum
What is the recommended general body position for a radiographic series of the esophagus?
Recumbent
Which two regions of the abdomen are almost entirely occupied by the liver?
Right hypochondrium and epigastrium
Which of the following are advantages of using the double-contrast technique for examination of the stomach?
Small lesions are not obscured & The mucosal lining of the stomach can be more clearly visualized.
A PA projection of the stomach and duodenum is often performed using a 14 17-inch (35 43 cm) exposure field. Which of the following describes the plane that is centered to the grid for this projection?
The midsagittal plane
The small intestine is divided into how many distinct portions?
Three
The patient "prep" for a morning stomach examination is food and fluid are withheld:
after midnight.
The area of the colon identified in the figure below is the:
ascending colon.
The most common contrast medium used for radiologic examinations of the gastrointestinal tract is:
barium sulfate.
The anatomy labeled with the arrow in this figure is the:
common bile duct.
The largest gland in the body is the:
liver.
The jejunum and ileum are attached to the posterior wall of the abdomen by the:
mesentery.
The area of the colon identified in the figure below is the:
sigmoid.
The gallbladder functions to:
store and concentrate bile.