ESS Rocks

When _____ are carried away by water, it is also considered a form of erosion

Solids

Erosion is the slow wearing away of the earth's _____ over million of years

Surface

Where does tufa form?

springs and caves (stalacies and stalagmites)

Consist of mineral grains or rock fragments from the process of mechanical weathering that are transported and deposited as solid particles

Detrital Sedimentary Rocks

Siltstone

Detrital sed rock fine grained quartz and clay

Breccia

Detrital sed rock large, coarse ANGULAR grains

Sandstone

Detrital sed rock medium sized quartz grains

Arkose

Detrital sed rock reconsolidated particles of minerals like feldspar and quartz

Shale

Detrital sed rock very fine grained quartz and clay

Conglomerate

Detrital sedimentary rock large, coarse ROUNDED grains

_____ are the hardest substance known to us

Diamonds

Soil comes from _____ which comes from rocks

Dirt

The process of _____ causes rocks on Earth's surface to change, crumbling mountains and widening valleys

Erosion

When liquid water freezes in rock it ____ and causes rocks to erode by cracking them

Expands

What are the main minerals of arkose?

Feldspar and Quartz

List natural resources that are found in the pore of sedimentary rocks (5)

Petroleum, natural gas, iron, aluminum, sulfur

Describe transform plate boundary

Plates remain unchanged, slide past each other

Explain how evaporites are formed. What is this process called?

Precipitation is the process that separates solids from a solution and forms evaporites

Wind and _____ moving over the surface break rock down into sand

Rain

Sedimentary rocks are made from sand and _____ compresses under heat and pressure

Water

How is sandstone deposited?

Water or air, can be represented by a number of different geologic environments

Sedimentary rocks are formed from _____ and _____ of igneous and metamorphic rocks

Weathering, Erosion

Explain how weathering and erosion aid in the formation of sedimentary rocks

Weathering- disintegration and decomposition of rock at the surface of Earth. Erosion- incorporation and transportation of material buy a mobile ager like water, wind, or ice

When softer rock erodes faster than the harder rock above, sometimes _____ is formed

Arch

____ in some rock were formed by chemical reactions in the rock when cool

Bubbles

When rain combines with iron in rock, it forms rust, which is a form of ______ erosion

Chemical

Composed of chemical material that was previously dissolved in water and later precipitated by inorganic processes

Chemical Sedimentary Rocks

Formed from process of water- dwelling organisms are biochemical sed rock

Chemical sed rock

_____ in the air contribute to erosion

Chemicals

Describe Oceanic-oceanic convergence and give example

Collision causes deep trenches because both subduct. Mariana Trench (Pacific) and Puerto Rican Trench

As water flows over rocks, it dissolves minerals causing different _____ to sometimes appear

Colors

Describe Oceanic-continental convergence and give example

Oceanic crust subducts and gets volcanoes on continent. Cascade Range (volcanoes)

Describe Continental-continental convergence

Fold upwards and create mountains. Rocky Mountains, Himalayans, Alps

Sedimentary rocks may contain _____ and indicate____

Fossils, Climates/ Environment

A huge flood happened in Washington State when a ____ broke

Glacier

Rocks ____ been melted or molten at some time

Have

What is the name and chemical compound of the indicator used to identify calcite?

Hydrochloric Acid (HCL)

Pounding water, wind, ____, and rain are major causes of erosion

Ice

Igneous rocks come from the word _____ meaning fire

Ignite

The process of converting sediments to solid rock by cementation or compaction

Lithification

____ rock is a combo of the other two and has changed into new rock

Metamorphic

More dense than continental crust, mainly made of iron

Oceanic Crust

Wind sometimes picks up ____ and blows them into rocks causing the rock to erode

Sand

Rock can change into sand and sand can then change into _____ over many years

Soil

Describe divergent plate boundary

The plates along the boundary are spreading and occur at mid-ocean ranges, results in construction

Describe convergent plate boundary

The plates collide

____ in farmland has a lot of living things in the top layer of horizon

Topsoil

What type of faults are likely to parallel the direction of transform plates? Give example

Transform faults, fault parallel to plate boundaries. Sanadras fault in cali

_____ can hold back soil from eroding and also break apart rocks causing erosion

Trees