Ethics
According to Kohlberg, a child behaves a certain way to avoid punishment, obtain rewards, and earn approval (avoid disapproval). Level III of Kohlberg's Stages in Moral Development includes Postconventional, Autonomous, and Principled.
Both statements are true
According to Kohlberg, most adults tend to operate at Level II. According to Kohlberg, children solve problems at Stages 1 & 2.
Both statements are true
An Ethical dilemma occurs when there is a conflict regarding moral actions. A dilemma is a situation necessitating a choice between two equal, especially undesirable, alternatives.
Both statements are true
An ethical dilemma is a conflict between moral obligations that are difficult to reconcile. Selecting a course of action is an ethical position.
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An ethical dilemma is a conflict between two moral obligations that are difficult to reconcile. As one gathers the facts to solve an ethical dilemma in dental hygiene practice, a useful tool may be the state or provincial practice act.
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Cognitive development is the development of the moral values and standards of one's group or society. A dilemma is a situation necessitating a choice between two equal alternatives.
Both statements are true
In listing the pros and cons of the possible alternatives or options to solve an ethical dilemma, one should consider not only the ethical ramifications but also the effects on others (patients, community, etc.), legal and administrative concerns, as well as professional liabilities and regulations
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Kohlberg's 3 levels of moral development include, pre-conventional, conventional, post-conventional, autonomous, or principled. According to James Rest, age, education, & experience affect (or influence) moral thinking and moral behavior.
Both statements are true
Lawrence Kohlberg is a social scientist who stressed cultural and societal influences in moral development. The more rational or the higher the level of moral reasoning an individual attains, the more the individual is autonomous, aware of moral values, rights, and duties.
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Level I in Kohlberg's Stages in Moral Development is Pre-conventional. Level II in Kohlberg's Stages in Moral Development is Conventional. Level III in Kohlberg's Stages in Moral Development is Post-conventional.
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When solving an ethical dilemma, the selected course of action should be guided by ethical principles. The steps in decision making include identify the problem, gather the facts, list the alternatives, select the course of action, act on the decision, and evaluate the action.
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When solving ethical dilemmas, one utilizes thought processes and problem-solving skills more than fixed or concrete rules. Decision making is a process that utilizes critical thinking skills to arrive at a judgment or conclusion.
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Decision making for ethical dilemmas in dental hygiene practice involves a code of ethics, laws, critical thinking skills, rights, and duties. All that is needed for making ethical decisions in dental hygiene practice is the ADHA or CDHA Code of Ethics, whichever code is applicable.
First statement is true, second is false
The Code of Ethics can be used to justify a given solution to an ethical dilemma. All legal actions are ethical and moral.
First statement is true, second is false
In addition to the Code of Ethics, other means of solving ethical dilemmas can be obtained from lawyers, peers, mentors, supervisors, personal experience, socialization, gut feeling, intuition, Practice Acts, CEUs, formal education, ethics, and professional development activities.
True
James Rest is a social scientist who emphasized the importance of education and personal experience in moral development.
True
