Ethics Unit 3

pricing mechanisms

"Pollution permits" are an example of which of the following methods of achieving our environmental goals?

True

A moral of Garrett Hardin's parable "The Tragedy of the Commons" Is that there can be a difference between the private costs and the social costs of a business activity. T/F

False

A psychological appeal is one that aims to persuade by appealing primarily to reason and not to human emotional needs. T/F

True

A workplace environment in which employees are treated fairly and their inherent dignity respected is compatible with a firm's business goals. T/F

the rise of personnel engineering and professional management

According to David Ewing, two factors explain the absence of civil liberties and the prevalence of authoritarianism in the workplace. Which of the following is one of them?

False

According to Jeremy Bentham, the question is not whether animals can feel pain, but whether they can talk and reason. T/F

can have any reason or no reason

According to common law, to legally terminate an employee, an employer....

the Grand Canyon is valuable only because people care about it

According to the anthropocentric (or human-orientated) ethic of Baxter and others,...

manufacturer need not be negligent to be held liable for a defective product

According to the legal doctrine of strict product liability,....

the rights of future generations are contingent upon those people coming into existence

According to the philosopher Joel Feinberg,

The persuasion to purchase the product

Advertising is best known for....

subsidizes the media

Advertising....

True

Advocates of naturalistic ethic contend that some objects are morally considerable in their own right, apart from human interests. T/F

True

An ordinary example of an ecosystem is a pond. T/F

True

Any equitable solution to the problem of who should pay the bill for environmental cleanup should take into account responsibility as well as benefit. T/F

True

Before the case of MacPherson v. Buick Motor Car in 1916, injured consumers could recover damages only from the retailer of the defective product. T/F

free and nearly limitless

Business has considered the environment to be....

interdependence of an ecosystem's elements

Business must be sensitive to its impacts on the physical environment primarily because of its....

True

Business' responsibility for understanding and providing for consumer needs derives from the fact that citizen-consumers are dependent on business too. T/F

fair wage presupposes a fair work contract

Choose the factual precept concerning wages...

True

Cost benefit analysis is a device used to determine whether it's worthwhile to incur a particular cost. T/F

involves value judgments and factual uncertainties

Cost benefit analysis...

advertising rarely gives consumers much useful information

Critics of advertising contend that...

True

Defenders of advertising claim that, despite criticisms, advertising enjoys protection under the First Amendment as a form of speech. T/F

True

Due care is the idea that consumers and sellers do not meet as equals and that the consumer's interests are particularly vulnerable to being harmed by the manufacturer, who has knowledge and expertise the consumer does not have. T/F

True

Due process requires specific and systematic means for workers to appeal discharge or disciplinary decisions. T/F

equally applied

Fair personnel policies and decisions must be based on criteria that are clear, job related, and...

True

From the beginning, unions have been driven by an attempt to protect workers from abuses of power at the hands of employers. T/F

to equalize their relationship with their employers

Groups of eighteenth century skilled artisans formed secret societies for two basic reasons. Which of the following is one of those reasons?

Consumer Product Safety Commission

In 1972, Congress created one of the most important agencies for regulating product safety. The agency is the....

False

Inbreeding refers to longevity on a job or with a firm. T/F

True

Just cause requires that reasons for discipline or discharge related directly to job performance. T/F

True

Labor historians generally consider the Kings of Labor (K of L), established in 1869, as the first truly national trade union. T/F

False

Legal paternalism is the doctrine that the law should not be used to restrict the freedom of individuals for their own good. T/F

is for-cause dismissal- the result of employee theft, gross insubordination, release of proprietary information, and so on

Of the four types of discharge, firing...

True

One of the chief concerns of nepotism is the disregard of managerial responsibilities to the organization and of fairness to other employees. T/F

False

Regulation is always the most effective way to allocate the costs of environmental protection. T/F

is being a free-rider

Some environmental regulations (like forbidding the burning of coal in cities) benefit each and every one of us because the air we all breathe is cleaner. If a company ignores the regulation and burns coal, while others obey the regulation, then the company....

True

Statistics indicate that the faith consumers place in manufacturers is often misplaced. T/F

True

Subliminal advertising is advertising that supposedly communicates at a level beneath our conscious awareness. T/F

Ambiguity

Terms like can be, as much as, and help, are examples of...

that individual pursuit of self-interest can sometimes make everyone worse off

The "tragedy of the commons" is...

True

The FTC now follows the "modified" ignorant consumer standard and protects only those cases of foolishness that are committed by significant numbers of people. T/F

False

The Fair Packaging and Labeling Act of 1966 empowers representative agencies to rank and list all ingredients in the order of decreasing percentage of total contents. T/F

True

The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) was established over seventy-five years ago to protect consumers against deceptive advertising. T/F

expanded the liability of manufacturers for injuries caused by defective products

The case of MacPherson v. Buick Motor Car in 1916 changed product liability law. As a result of it, the courts....

the label and package

The consumer's main source of product information is....

True

The express purpose of a boycott is the same as a strike- to hurt the employer and strengthen the union. T/F

interviewing

The hiring process needs to include screening, testing, and...

Fairness

The key moral ideal in promotion is...

True

The new discipline of "ecological economics" calculates the value of an ecosystem, not in terms of what people are willing to pay for it, but in terms of what is would cost to provide the benefits and services that the ecosystem now furnishes us. T/F

False

The rising affluence of people in the United States has meant a corresponding decrease in pollution and its attendant environmental problems in the United States. T/F

interrelationships among organisms and their environments

The term ecology refers to the science of the....

True

The term ecosystem refers to a total ecological community, both living and nonliving. T/F

puffery

The terms best, finest, and most are examples of...

True

Three approaches have gained the most attention when it comes to achieving our environmental goals: the use of regulations, and incentives, and pricing mechanisms. T/F

True

Traditionally, the obligations between a business organization and its employees could be boiled down to "at fair wage for an honest day's work". T/F

a sympathetic strike occurs when workers who have no particular grievance of their own and who may or may not have the same employer decide to strike in support of others.

Which of the following is a correct statement about union activities?

regulation can take away an industry's incentive to do more than the minimum

Which of the following is a drawback to the regulatory approach?

New York hotel tripling its room prices after 9/11

Which of the following is an example of price gouging?

it requires the EPA or other body to determine the most effective, feasible pollution-control technology for each different industry

Which of the following is true of a regulatory approach to environmental problems?

have the largest and most devastating impact on animals

Which of the following is true of factory farms?

The Consumer Product Safety Commission has the power to order recalls, public warnings, and refunds

Which statement is accurate in its description of consumer protection?

According to common law, unless there is an explicit contractual provision to the contrary, every employment is employment "at will"

Which statement is true about the hiring and employment process?

The argument for strict liability is basically utilitarian

Which statement is true from an ethical perspective?

the argument for strict liability is basically utilitarian

Which statement is true from an ethical perspective?