Ethics

English

Children are motivated out of love to return favors to the parent. Do not owe the parent for sacrifices made, sacrifices were voluntary.

Raz

Culture influences what one's options are. Shapes a person's individual freedom.

Midgley

Moral isolationism does not work. Judgement of other cultures in necessary to provide a comparison of alternatives. Judgment through thorough thought. Cultural immersion allows for understanding then critically judging.

Shaw

Moral relativism provides no insight as to what is truly right and wrong. The majority of a society agreeing that something is right does not justify that it is right. Undermines any moral criticism as long as their actions conform to their own standards.

Arthur

Morality does not depend on religion. Religion does not 1) provide moral motivation 2) moral guidance 3) justify morality as such with the Divine Command Theory. Just because God says something is right does not mean it is, this is arbitrary.

Westermarck

Morality is relative because it is based off of emotions and emotions are not objective and true. Cannot criticize the morals of other people because everyone has different opinions and responses to a situation. Cannot have absolute objectivity.

Kristjansson

Parent-child relationships contain within them friendship. Still possible to be friends. Argues against Kupfer's points.

Kupfer

Parents and children cannot be friends because of 1) inequality in self autonomy 2) Lack of independence from one another 3) Enriched relationships 4) Reversal of roles provides additional worth above friendship

MacIntyre

Patriotism is a permanent source of moral danger because of the way it places our ties to our nation beyond rational criticism. Liberal morality is a permanent source of moral danger because of the way it is unable to motivate people when there is no self-interest involved.

Sen

People can discover who they have developed into based on cultural. But people can have multiple identities and they can chose how important a particular identity is in defining themselves.