Eukaryotic Cell Structure WS
What does chromatin consist of?
DNA bound to protein
What is an organelle?
a structure in eukaryotic cells that acts as if it is a specialized organ
Are mitochondria found in plant cells, animal cells, or both?
both
How does the contractile vacuole in a paramecium help maintain homeostasis?
by contracting rhythmically, the contractile vacuole pumps excess water out of the cell
The granular material visible within the nucleus is called
chromatin
Where are chloroplasts found?
found in plant cells and some other organisms but not in animal cells
Microtubules
hollow tubes of tubulins
What is the nuclear envelope?
it is a double-membrane layer that surrounds the nucleus
What is the cytoskeleton?
it is a network of protein filaments that helps the cell to maintain its shape
What is the function of the nucleus?
it is the control center of the cell
Function of Microtubules
maintain cell shape, help build cilia and flagella, form centrioles in cell division
Most nuclei contain a small, dense region known as the
nucleolus
What are mitochondria?
organelles that convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use
What is the difference between rough ER and smooth ER?
ribosomes are found on the surface of rough ER. There are no ribosomes on smooth ER
What are vacuoles?
saclike structures that store materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates
Chloroplasts and mitochondria contain their own genetic information in the form of
small DNA molecules
What are ribosomes?
small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm that are involved in protein synthesis
Function of Microfilaments
support the cell, help cells move
Using the cell as a factory analogy, describe the role of the Golgi apparatus in the cell.
the Golgi apparatus is like a customization shop, where the finishing touches are put on proteins before they are ready to leave the cell "factory"
Biologist Lynn Margulis has suggested that mitochondria and chloroplasts are descendants of what kind of organisms?
they are descendants of ancient prokaryotes
What are chromosomes?
they are distinct, threadlike structures formed of condensed chromatin that contain genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next
What occurs in the nucleolus?
this is where the assembly of ribosomes begins
Microfilaments
threadlike structures made of actin
Is the following sentence true or false? Both chloroplasts and mitochondria are enclosed by two membranes.
true
What is the role of the central vacuole in plants?
when the central vacuole is filled with liquid, the pressure within the vacuole supports the heavy structures of the plant, such as leaves and flowers
