euro chapter 21

What did Klemens von Metternich and Alexander I proclaim at the Troppau Conference in 1820?

Their support for the principle of active intervention to maintain all autocratic regimes whenever threatened

What was the effect of France's Constitutional Charter in the post-Napoleonic period?

It secured most of the gains made by the middle class and the peasantry during the French Revolution and permitted intellectual and artistic freedom.

What was one of Karl Marx's most important criticisms of the French utopian socialists?

Their utopian schemes were not realistic.

What did the early French socialist thinkers find disturbing about the emerging industrial society?

They believed that industrial society fomented selfish individualism and split the community into isolated fragments.

The allied powers at the Congress of Vienna were determined to

avoid the creation of hostility and resentment in France.

Karl Marx argued that socialism would be established

by violent revolution.

The Karlsbad Decrees of 1819

defined an idea of German nationalism built around a common language, culture, and set of values.

Composers in the romantic movement

developed a series of key models and structures in order to create an emotional repertoire in their music.

Romantics and early nationalists investigated folk songs, folk tales, and proverbs in order to

find the unique greatness of every people in its folk culture.

The British Corn Laws of 1815 were enacted with the goal of

forbidding the importation of foreign grain unless prices in Britain reached very high levels, selfishly benefiting the aristocratic landowners in Britain.

In Great Britain, the Great Reform Bill of 1832

granted the right to vote to substantial farmers but not the middle-class urban population.

Many Europeans and Americans embraced the Greek Revolution because

of a love of Greek classical culture.

According to Joseph Proudhon in the nineteenth century, property was

profit stolen from workers.

The romantic poet William Wordsworth conceived of poetry as the

spontaneous overflow of powerful feeling recollected in tranquility.

At the Congress of Vienna, the victorious allies

were guided by the principle of the balance of power.

The romantic movement was characterized by

A a belief in emotional exuberance and unrestrained imagination.

Why did Klemens von Metternich, as Austrian foreign minister, have to oppose the spread of nationalism in Europe?

Austria was a multiethnic empire, and the spread of nationalism among its different ethnic groups threatened to dissolve the empire.

In the nineteenth century, what did Eugène Delacroix's work typically feature?

Dramatic, colorful scenes

In the nineteenth century, how did Ireland's population grow despite extreme poverty?

Extensive cultivation of the humble potato provided sufficient nutrition for population growth.

In their war of independence against the Ottoman Empire, the Greeks ultimately won the support of

Great Britain, France, and Russia.

How did Charles X of France seek to rally political support for himself in 1830?

He invaded Algeria and established it as a French territory.

What was the driving force in history according to Marx in the nineteenth century?

The economic relationship between classes

What did Count Henri de Saint-Simon believe in the nineteenth century?

The key to progress was proper social organization.

According to the doctrine of laissez faire, the government should intervene in

the economy as little as possible.