Europe Reading: Chapters 10, Lessons 1 and 2
All Nordic countries have large, _____________ public _______________ sectors and extensive __________________________. What do these programs support?
tax-funded, welfare, social-democratic legislation, they support health care, education for elementary through college students, and retirement income for senior citizens
Norway, despite not being a member of ______________________, has attracted numerous international workers to _______________________ _________________ and ______________________.
the European Union, petroleum exploration, processing
What is Norway's longest river?
the Klar-Gota
The second-larges ethnic group in Finland, ___________, reside in the northernmost part of the country called ____________________.
the Sami, the Sami homeland
What results in large shipments being divided into smaller amounts of distribution to other places in Copenhagen?
the break-of-bulk practices here
The Faeroe Islands are made up of _______________________ with high and rugged cliffs.
volcanic rocks
When did Denmark's domination of Norway continue until and how?
1814, when the king was forced to cede Norway to the king of Sweden
When did Finland become an independent country?
1917
In 2009, Norway exported _______________ million barrels per day on the world market.
2.184
How many small kingdoms existed in Norway by A.D. 800?
30
Glaciers and snowfields cover more than ________ percent of the islands in Svalbard's land.
50
What was Iceland's population in the early 1700s? What was Iceland's population in 2013?
50,000, 315,000
How many countries make up Northern Europe and what are they?
5: Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, and Iceland
The largest geyser in Iceland, Vatnajokull, covers about _______ percent of the island. Glaciers cover about __________ percent of Iceland.
8, 11
What percent of residents of Sweden live in and around Stockholm, the capital?
80 percent
What was established in Denmark in the 800s?
A Christian mission
What has caused a slowing population growth in Denmark?
A low birthrate among Danish women, who are among the best educated and highest paid in Europe
When was the Viking Age? What occurred during this time?
A.D. 793 to 1050, Scandinavian Viking raiding parties in powerful warships roamed the coastal waters of Europe
About what percent of Finland's population lives in urban areas?
Approximately 80 percent
What did Sweden do in 1523?
Became a separate kingdom
What sorts of changes occurred in Europe and the Nordic region in the nineteenth century?
Industrialization required a larger population because more people were needed for jobs, new social classes as well as different socioeconomic levels appeared as more people came in, political culture changed as new classes of people brought new ideas, democracy and independence came to the countries of Northern Europe
What are the diverse minerals in Finland?
Iron ore, nickel, zinc, cobalt
What deposits lie in Sweden near Kiruna? What are other natural resources in the area?
Iron ore, other natural resources: gold, copper, lead, zinc
What climate zone is along the Atlantic coast and in southern Sweden?
Marine west coast
What climate zone is along the Atlantic coast and in southern Sweden and what type of vegetation does it support?
Marine west coast, coniferous forest
What are the climate regions in Northern Europe?
Marine west coast, humid continental, subarctic, and tundra
What do animals in the alpine zone of the arctic tundra regions of Northern Europe do to escape the cold and find food?
Migrate to the lower elevations in the winter
What influences have shaped the population patterns in Northern Europe?
Migration and the distinct ethnic groups of each country
What must Norway import to make aluminum?
Mineral bauxite
Because of the ruling of Denmark over the kingdom in the 1300s, what did Nordic society become?
More continental
Where does most of Iceland's population reside and why?
Near the coastlines, residents rely on the sea for commercial fishing and surrounding farmland for growing basic foods
Where does Northern Europe's population concentrate and why?
Near the sea, fishing and shipping industries are prominent
Norway's chief rivers stem from the mountains of _______________.
Norrland
Iceland has many _______________, rivers, small lakes, waterfalls, glaciers, and ____________________.
hot springs, geysers
Sweden has many small __________________________ that harness the power of the country's ____________.
hydroelectric power plants, rivers
Over 10 percent of Finland's area is covered with ______________ ______________ like ______________ and _______________.
inland waters, lakes, rivers
What countries are in the Scandinavian Peninsula?
mainland Sweden, mainland Norway, and part of Finland
The majority of rivers in Iceland consist of ___________________ from _________________, so they contain large amounts of ___________________ that make the water cloudy.
meltwater, glaciers , glacial debris
Finland was the source of many _________________ to the United States and other countries.
migrants
Northern Sweden, as well as Norway, is mostly _______________, but in southern Sweden there are __________________ next to the Baltic Sea.
mountainous, lowlands
Finland is the only Northern European country without an _______________ ______________.
official religion
Denmark has _________ and __________________. However, what is Denmark's most important energy source?
oil, natural gas, renewable wind energy
The ice that covered Northern Europe during the last ice was over _____________________ thick.
one mile
In 2012, Finland exported over 10 percent of the ____________ and _________________ traded on the global market.
paper, paperboard
In 2010, Sweden exported 10 percent of the world's ______________.
sawnwood
Many of the rivers of the Scandinavian Peninsula are _____________ and do not provide easy connections between cities.
short
What does Denmark rank number one in the world for?
Electricity generated from renewable sources
Where do the arctic tundra regions lie in Northern Europe?
Extreme northern parts of Scandinavia and Iceland
The Kingdom of Denmark also includes the _________________ and _________________.
Faeroe Islands, Greenland
Why is Iceland one of the world' most ethnically homogeneous populations?
Few people have immigrated to the island.
What happened (involving Finland) in the 1100s?
Finland began sharing common developments as it became economically integrated with Sweden.
What is a major source of revenue in Sweden?
Forest products
What provides heat for the entire capital city, Reykjavik, and several other communities in Iceland? What else does it provide and what else is it used for?
Geothermal energy, provides steam for industrial energy, used in commercial vegetable farming in greenhouses
Copenhagen has always been a major port for ________________, _________________, and _________________ goods across the globe. This makes it an _________________, where goods are received then reshipped.
collecting, storing, shipping, entrepot
Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, and Iceland are now governed by ___________________________________. What countries are constitutional monarchies out of the five?
democratically elected parliaments, Norway, Sweden, and Denmark
Northern Europe, as well as in most of the rest of Europe, also has a high percentage of people who _______________________________.
do not practice a religion
Northern Europe has some of the world's most _________________ populations.
educated
In Northern Europe, ice filled the valleys and carved out long, narrow, steep-sided _______________ that are now filled with ___________________.
fjords, seawater
Iceland is situated on a ____________________________ along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
geological hotspot
The land forms of Northern Europe came to be as they are today because of _____________________.
glaciation
Iceland used to belong to ________________.
Denmark
What was an important event in the 1300s in Northern Europe?
Denmark, Norway (with Iceland), and Sweden (with Finland) were united under one regent in the Kalmar Union, which Denmark dominated.
What countries used to be the numerous viking kingdoms?
Denmark, Sweden, and Norway
What factors cause vegetation to be limited in Northern Europe?
Dry conditions, poor soil quality, extremely cold temperatures, and frozen ground
What is the world's largest island?
Greenland
Most of the rivers coming from Norrland empty into the ______________________ or the ___________________
Gulf of Bothnia, Baltic Sea
What climate zone is in Scandinavian Peninsula and Finland, with the exception of the Atlantic coast and southern Sweden and why are they warmer than other regions of similar latitudes?
Humid continental climate with cold, wet winters, due to the influence of Baltic Sea, inland waters, and airflows from the Atlantic that are warmed by the Gulf Stream
What are significant renewable resources in Finland?
Hydroelectric power and geothermal energy
What is Norway one of the world's leading producers of? What is one important use of this hydroelectric power and why?
Hydroelectric power, important use is the production of aluminum because it requires large amounts of electricity
When did the Nordic countries develop democracies?
In the period following World War II
Where are the major cities of Finland located?
In the southern part of the country near coastal harbors
What are four factors that influence Northern Europe's climate patterns?
Latitude, mountain barriers, wind patterns, and distance from large bodies of water
________________ ______________ are nearly 100 percent in all of Scandinavia, Finland, and Iceland.
Literacy rates
What influences vegetation patterns in Northern Europe?
Location
What is an important natural resource in Norway? What is Norway the largest producer of in Europe? What is Norway the second-largest exporter of in the world?
Magnesium, oil, natural gas
What countries are in the Jutland Peninsula?
Mainland Denmark and a small part of Germany
What is the basis for present-day Nordic languages? Who spoke this language?
Old Norse, Vikings or Norsemen
What has Finland earned a reputation for?
One of the world's leading proponents of humanitarian causes
Where do the majority of Norwegians reside in (two places)?
Oslo (the capital) and the coastlines of the warmer southern portion of the country
What deposits cover nearly one-third of Finland?
Peat
What religion is dominant in every country of the subregion of Northern Europe?
Protestant (mostly Evangelical Lutheran)
What is Iceland's capital and largest city?
Reykjavik
______________ and ________________ provide Iceland with sustainable and inexpensive sources of energy.
Rivers, waterfalls
Where are immigrants to Finland arriving from nowadays?
Somalia, Russia, Sweden, and Estonia
Northern Europe's metropolitan areas, such as _____________ and _______________, are also its _________________ __________________.
Stockholm, Copenhagen, economic centers
What climate region convers most of the northern half of Scandinavia?
Subarctic climate
___________________ is an archipelago in the Arctic Ocean that constitutes the northernmost part of _________________.
Svalbard, Norway
Who lives along the southwestern Baltic coast of Sweden?
Swedish-speaking ethnic communities
Which river in Finland is harnessed for hydroelectric power?
The Kemi River
What is one reason Northern European countries have lower population densities compared to most other countries in Europe?
The northern climate and the mountainous terrain limit agriculture.
What is continental rebound?
The process in which land begins to rise once ice above it starts to melt and the weight of it decreases.
What was the easiest way of communication between the Norwegian kingdoms and the outside world?
The sea
What causes the abundant geothermal energy in Iceland?
The tectonic activity caused by the Eurasian and North American plates separating
What do current aging trends in Denmark show?
There are more people in Denmark over the age of 60 than under the age of 15.
Why have people from war-torn regions of Africa, especially ______________, immigrated to Northern Europe and other regions of Europe? What has occurred as a result of them going there?
They are seeking political asylum to escape conflicts in their home countries. They have increased the cultural diversity of much of Northern Europe.
Who are the Sami?
They are the descendants of nomadic peoples who lived in northern Scandinavia for thousands of years. They are the native people of northern Norway, Sweden, and Finland.
The longest river in Iceland is called ____________________. It is located in the ________________ region.
Thjorsa, southern
What is Finland's most important natural resource?
Trees
_______________________ and _________________ are active in Iceland.
Volcanoes, earthquakes