Evolution - Biology

2 characters are said to be ___ if they have similar form or function, but separate evolutionary origins. A) analogous B) derived C) primative D) modified E) degenerated

A

A drought occurs, so larger seeds are produced in the new environment. Finches with a small beak cannot crack open large seeds, so the population of finches produce larger beaked finches to open the large seeds. This environmental pressure causes what type of selection? A) Directional Selection B) Disruptive Selection C) Stabilizing Selection D) Environmental Selection

A

As a group, the large-scale evolutionary changes that take place over long periods of time are called _____. A) macroevolution B) microevolution C) coevolution D) convergent evolution E) divergent evolution

A

Direction selection tends to eliminate ______. A) one extreme in a range of phenotypes B) both extremes in a range of phenotypes C) intermediate phenotypes D) None of the above; Direction selection causes new phenotypes to form.

A

In a particular bird species, individuals with average-sized wings survive severe storms more successfully than other birds in the same population with longer or shorter wings. This illustrates _. A) stabilizing selection B) diversifying selection c) directional selection D) artificial selection

A

PICTURE: If coat color in a rabbit population is a polygenic trait, which process has produced the graph shown below? A) Disruptive selection B) stabilizing selection C) directional selection D) genetic drift

A

The combined genetic information of all members of a particular population forms a ___. A) gene pool D) genetic drift B) fitness C) niche E) adaptation

A

The combined genetic information of all members of a particular population forms a ______? A) gene pool B) Phenotype C) Niche D) genetic drift

A

The species present today have descended over long period of time, with changes, from ancient ancestors. This referred to as: A) descent with modification B) artificial selection C) acquired characteristics D) selective breeding E) natural selection

A

This type of evolution may occur when the members of a population have the opportunity to move into several different habitats? A) divergent evolution B) convergent evolution C) coevolution D) stabilizing selection evolution

A

What is correct scientific name given for humans? A) Homo sapiens B) Homo Sapiens C) Sapiens homo D) Sapiens Homo E) none of the above

A

What is the order of taxa? A) Kingdom, Phylum, order, class, family, genus, species B) kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species C) Kingdom, class, phylum, order, family, genus, species D) Phylum, kingdom, class, family , order, genus, species E) None of the choices above are correct

A

When two species reproduce at different times, the sitution is called ____. A) temporal isolation B) speciation C) genetic drift D) temporal selection E) geographic isolation

A

Which is the correct interpretation of this cladogram? A) salmon evolved before kangaroos B) kangaroos reproduce using a placenta C) Kangaroos have no hair D) salmon are the only organism with jaws

A

Which of the following constitutes the smallest unit capable of evolution? A) a population B) a family unit C) an individual D) a community within a population

A

Which of the following would NOT contribute to allopatric speciation, such as the finches of the Galapagos Islands? A) gene flow B) genetic drift C) geographic separation D) different selection pressures E) founder effect

A

Which of the following would not be important in Darwin's theory of evolution? A) acquiring genetic change during the life span of the organism contributes to evolution B) More individuals are born in a population than will survive to reproduce C) Natural selection occurs as a result of the differing reproductive success of individuals in a population D) a result of evolution is the adaptation of a population of organisms to their environment.

A

Which one of the following would be considered a vestigial structure? A) remnants of hip bones in a legless lizard B) A bird beak that is specialized to extract nectar from flowers C) The similarity in structure of bones in two different organisms D) The similarity in function between a bird wing and butterfly wing

A

which one of the following is NOT true about evolutionary theory? A) evolution explains how acquired characteristics are passed to future generations B) evolution is the process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms C) evolutionary theory is the collection of facts, observations and hypotheses that explain the diversity of life on earth. D) evolution is the heritable change in characteristics within a population from one generation to the next

A

which organisms would share the most characteristics? A) organisms in the same class B) organisms in the same phylum C) organisms in the same kingdom D) none of the above

A

Mutation

A change in a gene or chromosome.

genetic drift

A change in the allele frequency of a population as a result of chance events rather than natural selection.

Aliphatic

A compound containing carbon and hydrogen joined together in straight chains, branched chains or non-aromatic rings

Darwin and Grants noted numerous variations in beak size and shape in the finches they observed while in the Galapagos Islands. Beak evolution is a response to which one of the following? A) the climate of the various islands in the Galapagos Islands B) the type of food available to the finches C) random mutations D) the number of individuals in the population E) the sexual selection process that occurs during the mating season.

B

Darwin observed finches that had beaks specialized for the types of food they eat. He notices that one finch had a short, but very strong beak to crack seeds. This is an example of: A) An acquired trait B) an adaption C) selective breeding D) geographic distributions E) homologous structures

B

Jean Baptiste Lamarck's Acquired characteristics theory of evolution includes the concept that new organs or structures in a species appear as a result of _______. A)continual increases in population size B) the actions of organisms are they use or fail to use body structures C) an unchanging local environment D) the natural genetic variations already present within the population of organisms

B

Several different species possess a similar blood protein. This provides evidence that they: A) evolved in the same habitat B) evolved from a common ancestor C) evolved in different climates D) descended from different ancestors

B

Speciation can occur as a result of geographic isolation because ____. A) members of a species can no longer find mates B) populations that live in different environments may be exposed to different selection pressures C) the biological concept of species defines non-interbreeding individuals as members of different species D) All of the above

B

The diagram of the embryos illustrates an embryonic stage of the two organisms. Which of the following can be determined by observing the embryos? A) the organisms belong to the same genus B) the organisms share a common ancestry C) the organisms are native to the same geographical area D) the organisms will grow into anatomically

B

The picture of the forelimbs of various mammals which share in common the same underlying bone structure (humerus, radius, and ulna) but evolved to have different functions. These anatomical similarties are known as _____ are evidence for evolution. A) Analogous structure B) homologous structure C) vestigial structures D) convergent structures

B

The success of an organism in surviving and reproducing is a measure of the organism's _____? A) Gene pool B) fitness C) adaption D) speciation

B

The success of an organism in surviving and reproducing is a measure of the organism's ______. A) gene pool D) genetic drift B) fitness C) niche E) adaptation

B

The theory of evolution by means of natural selection was the work of: A) Thomas Malthus B) Charles Darwin C) Georges Cuvier D) James Hutton E) Charles Lyell F) Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

B

The type of selection in which individuals of average size have greater fitness than small or larger individuals is called ____? A) Disruptive selection B) stabilizing selection C) directional selection D) genetic drift

B

What does each branch in a cladogram represent? A) a different common ancestor B) a different derived trait C) a different ancestral trait D) a different outgroup

B

What is taxonomy? A) a group of organisms that shares few traits with other organisms B) a method of grouping or classifying organisms C) a trait that an ancestor organisms did not have D) a group of organisms with a shared ancestor

B

When a farmer breeds only his or her best livestock, this process involved is known as ____. A) natural selection B) artificial selection C) biogeography D) survival of the fittest E) divergent evolution

B

Which of the following conditions is likely to result in speculation? A) random mating B) small population size C) lock of mutation D) no migration into or out of the population E) absence of natural selection

B

characters are said to be ___ if they arose in the evolutionary lineage of a taxon and are shared in some forms by many members of the taxon. A) analogous B) derived C) primative D) modified E) degenerated

B

A common misconception about evolution is that ___. A) evolution is random or by chance B) evolution is undirected C) organisms proceed toward a goal of perfection D) organisms carry out life functions differently

C

According to Darwin, which one of the following would result in evolution? A) acquired characteristics B) catastrophic events such as floods or droughts C) natural selection D) the presence or absence of dominant alleles in the gene pool

C

After returning home to England, Darwin did not publish his book on evolution for more than 25 years. What prompted Darwin to finally write and publish his book? A) he finally collected enough evidence to support his theory B) he felt that it was a good time for the book to be well received in the scientific community C) a letter from Alfred Wallace made him realize that someone else was about to receive credit for his theory of evolution D) He realized that his first theory was wrong, and it had to be revised.

C

All of the following ideas proposed by Lamarck are correct except for one. Which statement proposed by Lamarck has been proven incorrect? A) organisms change over time. B) organisms are adapted for their specific environment C) traits that are acquired during the life time of an organism are passed to future offsprings D) living organisms are descended from previous ancestors

C

Darwin proposed that over long periods of time natural selection would lead to new species of organisms. He referred to this idea as: A) the struggle for existence B) artificial selection C) Descent with modification D) inheritance of acquired traits E) common descent

C

In Miller and Urey's experiments with the origin of life forms, electric sparks were passed through a mixture of gases to simulate lightning. What significance does this have for a primitive Earth» A) Experiment showed the Earth's primitive atmosphere produced more oxygen in the atmosphere. B) Experiment demonstrated the Earth's primitive atmosphere could form organic matter. C)Experiment demonstrated the Earth's primitive atmosphere produced more radioactive elements. D) Experiment showed the Earth's primitive atmosphere would have caused mass extinctions.

C

Speculation can occur i most susceptible to loss of genetic variability as a result of genetic drift? A) a large population B) medium-sized population C) a small population D) populations that fluctuate in size

C

The type of selection in which individuals at one of the survive have the highest survival rate is called ____? A) Disruptive selection B) stabilizing selection C) directional selection D) genetic drift

C

What type of population is most susceptible to loss of genetic variability as a result of genetic drift? A) large populations B) medium-sized populations C) small populations D) populations that fluctuate in size

C

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for maintenance of Hardly-Weinberg equilibrium? A) large population size B) no migration C) an increasing mutation rate D) random mating E) no natural selection

C

Which of these taxa groups is the smallest level of classification? A) phylum B) family C) genus D) order

C

what is a cladogram? A) a group of organisms with no shared traits B) a method of grouping organisms by traits C) a diagram showing evolutionary relationships D) a group of organisms with a shared ancestor

C

A random change in a poplution's allele frequency is known as _____? A) gene pool B) bottleneck effect C) natural selection D) genetic drift E) founder effect

D

Evolution is considered a scientific theory. Which of the following a true about a scientific theory? A) it is an explanation based on observations, experimentation, and reasoning B) it is supported by a large body of evidence C) it has been thoroughly tested and does not conflict with existing experimental result D) all of the above are true

D

Gene flow is a concept best described as _____. A) movement of genes from one generation to the next generation B) movement of genes within a population because of interbreeding C) exchange of genes from one generation to the next generation D) movement of genes from one population to another population

D

Natural selection could not occur without ____. A) changes in the environment B) gene mutations C) competition for food D) genetic variations

D

The three domains are __. A) animalia, plantae, eubacteria B) plantae, eubacteria, archaea C) Protista, animalia, eubacteria D) Eukarya, Eubacteria, archaea

D

The wings of a bird are homologous to which of the following structures? A) the wings of a butterfly B) the tail fin of a fish C) the legs of a human D) the front flippers of a whale

D

What is a clade? A) a group of organisms with no shared traits B) a method of grouping organisms by traits C) a trait that an ancestor organism did not have D) a group of organisms with a shared ancestor

D

A change in allele frequency that results form the migration of a small subgroup of a population is called ___? A) gene pool B) bottleneck effect C) fitness D) genetic drift E) founder effect

E

Darwin gathered evidence for his theory by studying: A) fossils B) homologous structures C) the geographic distribution of organisms D) vestigial organs E) all of the above

E

Where would a koala belong in the cladogram? Koala Characteristic are: segmented body, jaws, limbs hair, and no placenta for reproduction. A) G B) F C) C D) D E) E

F

stabilizing selection

Natural selection that favors intermediate variants by acting against extreme phenotypes

Sympatric

The formation of a new species as a result of a genetic change that produces a reproductive barrier between the changed population (mutants) and the parent population. No geographic barrier is present.

disruptive selection

favors individuals at both extremes of the phenotypic range

gene flow

movement of alleles from one population to another

directional selection

occurs when natural selection favors one of the extreme variations of a trait