EX2 TB

A biliary cause of acute pancreatitis is suggested by an elevation in which serum laboratory results? a. Lipase b. Amylase c. Glucose d. Alkaline phosphatase

D

A patient with a history of alcoholism presents with hematemesis and profound anemia. The expected diagnosis is a. ascites. b. cerebral edema. c. hepatic encephalopathy. d. gastroesophageal varices.

D

A silent abdomen 3 hours after bowel surgery most likely indicates a. peritonitis. b. mechanical bowel obstruction. c. perforated bowel. d. functional bowel obstruction.

D

Older individuals may experience which change in the mouth? a. Increase in salivation b. Increase in taste for salt c. Increase in the number of papillae d. Increased exposure of dentin

D

Parasympathetic stimulation of the stomach would a. decrease motility. b. decrease hydrogen chloride secretion. c. inhibit acidity. d. stimulate motility.

D

Pathophysiologically, esophageal varices can be attributed to a. elevated bilirubin. b. diminished protein metabolism. c. fluid accumulation. d. portal hypertension.

D

Proton pump inhibitors may be used in the management of peptic ulcer disease to a. increase gastric motility. b. inhibit secretion of pepsinogen. c. neutralize gastric acid. d. decrease hydrochloric acid (HCl) secretion.

D

What finding should prompt diagnostic testing for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in a child presenting with diarrhea? a. Periumbilical discomfort b. Greenish, watery diarrhea c. Frequent, large-volume diarrhea d. Blood and mucus in the stools

D

Which enzyme assists with protein digestion? a. Amylase b. Chymotrypsin c. Lactase d. Lipase

B

The most common cause of mechanical bowel obstruction is a. volvulus. b. intussusception. c. adhesions. d. fecal impaction.

C

Which medication classes are used to treat Ulcerative Colitis (UC)? (Select all that apply.) a. Salicylic analogs b. Systemic chemotherapy c. Anti-TNF agents d. Janus kinase inhibitors e. Anti-interleukin 12/23 agents

A, C, D, E

Brush-border enzymes are produced by ________ cells. a. pancreatic acinar b. gastric mucosa c. intestinal epithelial d. goblet

C

It is true that biliary cancer a. is most often cured by surgery. b. responds well to chemotherapy. c. is identifiable and treatable when diagnosed early. d. tends to be asymptomatic and progress insidiously.

D

Elevated serum lipase and amylase levels are indicative of a. gallbladder disease. b. appendicitis. c. pancreatitis. d. peritonitis.

C

Epigastric pain that is relieved by food is suggestive of a. pancreatitis. b. esophageal cancer. c. duodenal ulcer. d. dysphagia.

C

Esophageal varices represent a complication of ________ hypertension. a. primary b. pregnancy-induced c. portal d. secondary

C

Failure of normal partitioning between the foregut and midgut can lead to a congenital condition known as a. tracheoesophageal fistula. b. esophageal atresia. c. intestinal atresia. d. anal agenesis.

C

Jaundice is a common manifestation of a. malabsorption syndromes. b. anemia. c. liver disease. d. cholecystitis.

C

More than half of the initial cases of pancreatitis are associated with a. trauma. b. stones. c. alcoholism. d. high cholesterol.

C

Most of the parasympathetic innervation of the GI tract is supplied by the a. hypoglossal nerves. b. enteric nervous system. c. vagus nerves. d. celiac ganglia.

C

Narcotic administration should be administered carefully in patients with acute pancreatitis related to potential for a. respiratory depression. b. narcotic dependency. c. sphincter of Oddi dysfunction. d. allergic reaction.

C

What clinical finding would suggest an esophageal cause of a client's report of dysphagia? a. Nasal regurgitation b. Airway obstruction with swallowing c. Chest pain during meals d. Coughing when swallowing

C

Which can be absorbed through the intestinal epithelia without further digestion? a. Sucrose b. Lactose c. Glucose d. Glycogen

C

Which finding would indicate a critical complication of acute pancreatitis? a. Pain that radiates to the back b. Nausea and vomiting c. Dropping blood pressure d. Fever

C

A patient being treated for hepatic encephalopathy could be expected to receive a(n) ________ diet. a. low-protein b. high-protein c. high-sodium d. unrestricted

A

A patient with chronic gastritis would likely be tested for a. Helicobacter pylori. b. occult blood. c. lymphocytes. d. herpes simplex.

A

Acute pain at McBurney's point is indicative of a. appendicitis. b. peritonitis. c. cholecystitis. d. gastritis.

A

Celiac sprue is a malabsorptive disorder associated with a. inflammatory reaction to gluten-containing foods. b. megacolon at regions of autonomic denervation. c. ulceration of the distal colon and rectum. d. deficient production of pancreatic enzymes.

A

Chief cells secrete a. pepsinogen. b. hydrogen chloride. c. intrinsic factor. d. gastrin.

A

Chronic pancreatitis may lead to a. diabetes mellitus. b. Crohn disease. c. gallstones. d. celiac sprue.

A

Normal bile is composed of a. water, electrolytes, and organic solutes. b. proteins. c. bile acids. d. phospholipids.

A

Premature infants are at greater risk for developing a. necrotizing enterocolitis. b. pseudomembranous colitis. c. appendicitis. d. diverticular disease.

A

Steatohepatitis is caused by an accumulation of ________ in the liver cells. a. fat b. bile c. acetaminophen d. ferritin

A

The most common causes of prehepatic jaundice are ________ and ineffective erythropoiesis. a. hemolysis b. metabolism c. fibrosis d. canalicular bilirubin transport

A

What finding would rule out a diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome in a patient with chronic diarrhea? a. Negative stool leukocytes b. Intermittent constipation c. Abdominal pain and distention d. Bloody stools

D

Crohn disease is associated with what complications? (Select all that apply.) a. Perianal fissures b. Fistulas c. Green stool d. Abscesses e. Rectal pain

A, B, D

A patient with pancreatitis may experience muscle cramps secondary to a. alkalosis. b. hyperglycemia. c. hypocalcemia. d. hypermagnesemia.

C

Absorption of glucose and amino acids across the intestinal epithelium occurs by a. endocytosis. b. ATP-driven transporters. c. sodium-dependent carriers. d. passive diffusion.

C

An early indicator of colon cancer is a. rectal pain. b. bloody diarrhea. c. a change in bowel habits. d. jaundice.

C

An urgent surgical consult is indicated for the patient with acute abdominal pain and a. vomiting. b. CVA tenderness. c. absent bowel sounds. d. borborygmi.

C

Brain injury secondary to high serum bilirubin is called a. hepatic encephalopathy. b. hepatic meningitis. c. kernicterus. d. encephalitis.

C

A viral hepatitis screen with positive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) should be interpreted as ________ hepatitis B. a. recovered from b. immunity to c. chronic active d. acute

D

An increased urine bilirubin is associated with a. an increased indirect serum bilirubin. b. hemolytic reactions. c. Gilbert syndrome. d. hepatitis.

D

An infusion of mannitol would be prescribed to treat a. varices. b. encephalopathy. c. peritonitis. d. cerebral edema.

D

Constipation in an elderly patient can be best treated by a. maintaining a low-fiber diet. b. maintaining the current level of activity. c. fecal disimpaction. d. increasing fiber in the diet.

D

Dumping syndrome is commonly seen after __________ procedures. a. appendectomy b. intestinal biopsy c. colonoscopy d. gastric bypass

D

Hepatic encephalopathy is associated with a. hyperbilirubinemia. b. hyperuricemia. c. toxic effects of alcohol on brain cells. d. increased blood ammonia levels.

D

The action of bile is to a. emulsify fats. b. digest cellulose. c. convert sucrose. d. release free amino acids.

A

Which patients may be at risk for development of cholesterol gallstones? (Select all that apply.) a. High spinal cord injuries b. Receiving total parenteral nutrition c. Patients receiving chemotherapy d. Had rapid weight loss e. Pregnant women

A, B, D, E

Which are major pairs of salivary glands? (Select all that apply.) a. Parotid b. Parietal c. Submandibular d. Sublingual e. Pituitary

A, C, D

What is a pathophysiologic mechanism involved in the development of diarrhea? (Select all that apply.) a. Osmotic diarrhea b. Excessive flatus c. Secretory diarrhea d. Exudative diarrhea e. Motility disturbances

A, C, D, E

Hepatitis B is usually transmitted by exposure to a. hepatitis vaccine. b. feces. c. blood or semen. d. contaminated food.

C

How much fluid is secreted from the intestinal glands daily? a. 1/2 L b. 1 L c. 2 L d. 4 L

C

The definitive treatment for cholecystitis is a. lithotripsy of stones. b. chemical dissolution of stones. c. antibiotics and anti-inflammatories. d. cholecystectomy.

D

The most challenging aspect of treatment for chronic pancreatitis is a. pancreatectomy. b. strict dietary avoidance of fats. c. abstinence from alcohol. d. pain control.

D

The portion of the stomach that controls gastric emptying is the a. fundus. b. body. c. antrum. d. pylorus.

D

The primary stimulus for pancreatic secretion is a. gastrin. b. histamine. c. acetylcholine. d. secretin.

D

0.

B

Most gallstones are composed of a. bile. b. cholesterol. c. calcium. d. uric acid salts.

B

A patient receiving chemotherapy may be at greater risk for development of a. gastroesophageal reflux. b. stomatitis. c. esophageal varices. d. Mallory-Weiss syndrome.

B

The sympathetic nerve endings in the GI tract secrete a. acetylcholine. b. histamine. c. gastrin. d. norepinephrine.

D

Most nutrient digestion and absorption occurs in the a. stomach. b. small intestine. c. large intestine. d. cecum.

B

Pancreatic secretions are high in a. hydrochloric acid. b. bicarbonate ions. c. intrinsic factor. d. secretin.

B

Patients with acute pancreatitis are generally made NPO and may require continuous gastric suctioning in order to a. prevent abdominal distention. b. remove the usual stimuli for pancreatic secretion. c. prevent hyperglycemia associated with loss of insulin secretion. d. prevent mechanical obstruction of the intestine.

B

Disorders of the esophageal smooth muscle function where dysphagia is a symptom include which of the following? (Select all that apply.) a. Esophageal stricture b. Achalasia c. Esophageal tumors d. Mallory-Weiss syndrome e. Hiatal hernia

A, B, C

Which is associated with contraction of the gallbladder? a. Cholecystokinin b. Morphine c. Norepinephrine d. Gastrin

A

Carbohydrates are absorbed in the form of a. polysaccharides. b. disaccharides. c. monosaccharides. d. monoglycerides.

C

Which symptom suggests the presence of a hiatal hernia? a. Nausea b. Heartburn c. Diarrhea d. Abdominal cramps

B

________ disease is a rare autosomal recessive disorder in which excessive amounts of copper accumulate in the liver. a. Kayser-Fleischer b. Wilson c. Reye d. Byler

B

Which digestive enzymes are secreted from the intestinal mucosa during a meal? (Select all that apply.) a. Amylase b. Cholecystokinin c. Trypsinogen d. Lecithin e. Lipase f. Secretin

B, F

The propulsive movement of the GI tract is called a. peristalsis. b. transmission. c. contraction. d. constriction.

A

Ulcerative colitis is commonly associated with a. bloody diarrhea. b. malabsorption of nutrients. c. fistula formation between loops of bowel. d. inflammation and scarring of the submucosal layer of the bowel.

A

Untreated acute cholecystitis may lead to ________ of the gallbladder wall. a. gangrene b. infection c. distention d. inflammation

A

Chronic cholecystitis can lead to which problems? (Select all that apply.) a. Biliary sepsis b. Calcified gallbladder c. Porcelain gallbladder d. Cirrhosis e. Diabetes mellitus

A, B, C

A patient admitted with bleeding related to esophageal varices could be expected to receive a continuous intravenous infusion of a. glucose. b. octreotide acetate. c. anticoagulants. d. proton pump inhibitors.

B

A patient who should be routinely evaluated for peptic ulcer disease is one who is a. taking six to eight tablets of acetaminophen per day. b. being treated with high-dose oral glucocorticoids. c. experiencing chronic diarrhea. d. routinely drinking alcoholic beverages.

B

Barrett esophagus is a a. gastrin-secreting lesion. b. preneoplastic lesion. c. benign condition. d. gastrin-secreting tumor.

B

Hepatitis with the presence of autoantibodies and positive antinuclear antibodies (ANA) is a. hepatitis D. b. autoimmune hepatitis. c. hepatitis A. d. hepatitis B.

B

It is true that gallstones are a. a minimal risk for Native Americans. b. more common in women. c. more common in men. d. at highest risk among Asians.

B

Liver transaminase elevations in which aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is markedly greater than alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is characteristic of a. viral hepatitis. b. alcohol-induced injury. c. cirrhosis. d. acetaminophen toxicity.

B

The nurse notes a patient is on an oral vancomycin taper regime. Which disease is this patient being treated for? a. H. pylori infection b. C. difficile infection c. Pancreatic fistula d. Crohn disease

B

The pain associated with chronic pancreatitis is generally described as ________ in nature. a. sharp and constant b. steady and boring c. intermittent and burning d. intermittent and stabbing

B

The structure and secretions of the salivary gland most closely resemble those of the a. gastric gland. b. exocrine pancreas. c. liver. d. gallbladder.

B

What form of viral hepatitis is likely to be transmitted sexually? a. Hepatitis A b. Hepatitis B c. Hepatitis C d. Hepatitis E

B

What laboratory data would support a diagnosis of hemochromatosis? a. Deficient protease inhibitor b. Elevated ferritin c. Elevated urine copper d. Positive antinuclear antibody

B