Exam 1

Restorative justice is not...

"Restorative justice is not primarily about forgiveness or reconciliation" (6)

Criminal justice vs. restorative justice (slides 8 and 9, week 2)

(Criminal Justice) -Crime is violation -Violations create guilt -justice requires the state to determine blame/ guilt/ punishment -Central focus;offenders getting what they deserve (Restorative justice) -Crime is a violation of people and obligations -Violations create obligations -Justice involves victims, offenders, community members in an effort to put things rights -Central focus; victim needs and offender responsibility for repairing harm

What is social capital?

A network of relationships which create trust, mutual understanding, shared values, and behavior that makes collective action possible

Which of the following was NOT an action taken by Clinton to get "tough on crime:"

Decriminalized possession of marijuana

According to Alexander, mass incarceration is an essential component of restorative justice

FALSE

Since electing President Barack Obama, the US is in a post-racial era.

False

3 things we need to feel our best (week 3, slide 16)

Maximize positive affect, minimize negative affect, and express all affect

Family Group Decision Making

-Brings together a family support network, parents, children, aunts, uncles, grandparents, neighbors. -Engaging/ empowering families to make plans for their own well-being leads to better outcomes, less conflict with prof.

Components of family group conferences

-Common for juvenile justice issues -Includes victims, offenders, and family members or others close to either party -Focus is typically on helping offenders take responsibility and change behaviors -Designed and facilitated by trained coordinator to balance concerns of both parties -May take the place of court -Create plan for reparations, prevention, and punishment

What are the goals of diversionary programs, healing programs, and transitional programs?

-Diversionary Programs-provide alternative to some part of the criminal justice process or sentence -Healing or therapeutic programs- offender is often in prison, victim-impact panels -Transitional programs- address offender transitions after prison

What do communities need from justice?

1-Attention to their concerns as victims. 2-Opportunities to build a sense of community and mutual accountability. 3-Encouragement to take on their obligations for the welfare of their members, including victims and offenders, and for the conditions that promote healthy communities. 4-Community also wants assurance of not to repeat the same and preventive actions.

Three pillars of restorative justice

1-Crime is a violation of people and interpersonal relationships 2-Violations create obligations 3-The primary obligation is to put right the wrong

Who are key stakeholders?

immediate victims and offenders. Members of the community may be directly affected and may include family members, friends or other "secondary victims;" offenders' families or friends; or other members of the community

What do offenders need from justice?

1-Accountability that addresses the resulting harms, encourages empathy and responsibility, and transforms shame. 2-Encouragement to personal transformation, including healing for the harms that contributed to offending behavior, opportunities for treatment for addictions and/or other problems, enhancement of personal competencies. 3-Encouragement and support for integration into the community. 4-For some, at least temporary restraint.

10 signposts of restorative justice

1-Focus on the harms of crime rather than the rules that have been broken, 2-Show equal concern and commitment to victims, offenders, and their families, involving all in the process of justice, 3-Work toward the restoration of victims and families, empowering them and responding to their needs as they see them, 4-Support offenders while encouraging them to understand the harm they have done, accept and carry out their obligations, 5-Recognize that while obligations may be difficult for offenders, they should not be intended as harms and they must be achievable, 6-Provide opportunities for dialogue, direct or indirect, between victim and offender as appropriate, 7-Find meaningful ways to involve the community and to respond to the community bases of crime, 8-Encourage collaboration and reintegration rather than coercion and isolation, 9-Give attention to the unintended consequences of your actions and programs, and 10-Show respect to all parties - victims, offenders, family and community members, justice colleagues.

What 3 things have to happen for resolution of any type of wrongdoing? (pg. 48)

1-The wrong or injustice must be acknowledged 2-The " Equity" needs to be restored 3-Future intentions need to be addressed

Guiding question of restorative justice (pg. 41)

1-Who has been hurt? 2-What are their needs? 3-Whose obligations are these? 4-Why has this happened? 5-Who has a stake in this situation? 6-What is the appropriate process to involve stakeholders in an effort to put things right and prevent its recurrence?

Components of circles

Circles serve various purposes (sentence, healing, conflict resolution) Many stakeholders; victims, offenders, families, community member and/or justice officials Includes wide range of discussion

Which law formally dismantled Jim Crow?:

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Mandatory minimum sentencing led to a reduction in crime rate.

Fasle

The author, Michelle Alexander, is a civil rights lawyer

True

The three major racialized systems of social control adopted in the US to date are slavery, Jim Crow, and mass incarceration.

True

Components of victim/offender conferences

Typically only involve victims and offenders Lead by a trained facilitator Each party is worked with individually before coming together

Mass incarceration marginalizes large segments of the African American community by:

Authorizing discrimination against them in voting

Social discipline window

Four basic approaches to maintaining social norms and behavioral boundaries 1-Punitive (authoritarian), Restorative (authoritative), Neglectful (irresponsible), or 2-Permissive (paternalistic) 3-High or low control and high or low support

The Three Pillars of restorative justice are:

Harms and needs, obligations, and engagement

3 PIllars of Restorative Justice Harms/Needs Obligations Engagement

Harms/Needs- identify harms and needs of the victim ? Obligations - what obligation does the offender have? Engagement- what type of restorative practice should take place?

What are affects? (Nine Affects slide)

Human relationships are best and healthiest when there is free expression of affect or emotion: Enjoyment, interest, surprise, shame, distress, disgust, fear, rage, dissmell

What are the 4 needs of crime victims?

Information Truth-telling Empowerment Restitution or vindication

Informal processes

Small impromptu conferences can be done by asking effective questions of both the wrongdoer and those harmed. -Systematic use of informal restorative practices has a cumulative impact and creates restorative practices.

Understanding of wrongdoing

The central obligation is to put right the wrongs -We are all "interconnected" Hebrew / Shalom -shalom= "sense of rightness "