Exam 1 a&p3
Which of the following white blood cell concentration would represent leukocytosis
12,000 cells/ml
Erythrocytes have a life span of how many days
120
A distinct, extended plateau occurs in the action potential in cardiac muscle cells, producing a refractory period of ________ milliseconds.
250
A normal hematocrit of the total blood volume is
37% to 52%
How many oxygen molecules may bind to a single molecule of hemoglobin
4
In blood plasma the % of water is approximately
92%
Erythroblastosis details may occur when
A second Rh positive fetus develops in an Rh negative woman
Between all three plasma proteins, which is the most abundant?
Albumin
An individuals hematocrit would vary with
Altitude Smoking Sex Age
The red blood cells of type AB blood have which antigens on their surfaces
Antigens A and B
Which of the following phrases is true of arteries
Arteries always take blood away from the heart
Which type of leukocyte releases heparin
Basophill
Which leukocytes are granulocytes?
Basophils Neutrophils Eosinophils
"Formed elements" in our blood include
Blood cells and platelets
A mutation in the gene for plasmid that results in nonfunctional plasmin can cause
Blood clots will not be dissolved
The hemoglobin in RBC can transfer
Both oxygen and carbon dioxide
Hemoglobin helps in carrying
Carbon dioxide
Which of the following are functions of the pericardium
Create a near frictionless environment through the production of serous fluid Prevent the heart from overfilling with blood Prevent the heart from bouncing in the thoracic cavity
Which of the following transfusions are not compatible
Donor is type AB, recipient is type B
What are the leukocytes that stain red with eosin dye
Eosinophil
The most common type of formed elements in blood are of this type
Erythrocytes
Characteristics of type A positive blood
Erythrocytes have Rh antigens Plasma has anti-B antibodies Erythrocytes have A antigens
An athlete is training for a marathon, which hormone do you think may help in enhancing the performance in the competition
Erythropoietin
Which type of cell junction allows cardiac muscle tissue to transmit signals rapidly
Gap junctions
What are the individual ion contributions to the resting membrane potential of the cardiac pacemaker cells
Greater concentration of sodium outside the cell Greater concentration of potassium inside the cell Calcium gradient with more calcium outside the cell
Characteristics of type O blood
Has neither surface antigen A nor B on its erythrocytes Plasma has anti-A antibodies Plasma has anti-b antibodies
The percentage of red blood cells within a volume of blood is
Hematocrit
Which plasma protein is accurately described?
Immunoglobulin: fighting infections
The plasma protein transferrin functions to transport BLANK whereas immunoglobulins are BLANK
Iron ions Antibodies
Where are the pulmonary veins located?
Left atrium
Which chamber of the heart has the thickest myocardium
Left ventricle
They type of blood cells that help fight infection are
Leukocytes
Which of the following leukocytes are classified as agranulocytes
Lymphocytes
Old erythrocytes are phagocytized by
Macrophages
Which leukocyte becomes macrophage after migrating to specific tissues
Monocyte
The type of leukocyte that has a 2 to 7 lobed nucleus is
Neutrophil
The Mel last cell line gives rise to which mature blood cell
Neutrophils and basophils
Leukocytes are the only formed elements that have
Nucleus Mitochondria Nucleolus
The BLANK phase of the action potential in cardiac muscle delays repolarization to the resting membrane potential in order to
Plateau
Hemostasis is completed in 3 phases, the second phase is called
Platelet plug formation
Which of the following is a step within the common pathway of blood clotting
Prothrombin is activated to thrombin
The right side of the heart pumps blood through the vessels to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart through the BLANK circulatory pathway
Pulmonary
Which of the following aspects of the conduction system would directly result in contraction of the myocardium in the ventricular walls
Purkinje fibers
What term is given to the event whereby another action potential cannot be propagated shortly after an action potential
Refractory period
Where is the pulmonary trunk located
Right ventricle
Which of the following elements is required to sustain a muscular contraction
Sodium Calcium Potassium Atp
Which of the following is true of cardiac muscle tissue
Striated, uninucleated, intercalated discs
ABO and Rh blood types are dependent on antigens found on/in
Surface of erythrocytes
Which of these will most likely be given to a patient with embolic or thrombotic stroke
T-plasminogen activator
An abnormal blood clot formed in a blood vessel is called
Thrombus
If blood clotting is not appropriately controlled it may result in the spontaneous formation of a(n)
Thrombus
Leukemia is a blood disorder characterized by
Too many immature leukocytes
What are the two principal functions of erythrocytes
Transfer oxygen from lungs to tissue and carbon dioxide from tissues to lungs
Unidirectional flow into the heart is ensured because the heart contains BLANK that prevent back flow
Valves
Bleeding disorders such as hemophilia may be caused by deficiency of
Vitamin k
A pulmonary embolism is most likely caused by a clot reaching
a lung through a pulmonary artery
A primary function of lymphocytes is to
act against foreign substances
Which of the following is not required for proper hemostasis
albumin
Blood doping can lead to
an increase in the viscosity of the blood.
Separates the heart from the vessel that delivers blood to the entire body
aortic
between left ventricle and ascending aorta
aortic semilunar valve
separates left atrium from left ventricle
bicuspid valve
What is the correct order for the breakdown and disposal of heme
biliverdin > bilirubin > bile
In the first phase of hemostasis there is
blood vessel constriction
As a result of liver failure, blood protein concentration:
decreases and water accumulates in tissue spaces
The main function of leukocytes is to
defend against pathogens
Which of the following has not been implicated in causing leukopenia
dehydration
What tool can we use to determine the electrical events within the heart
electrocardiogram
Which type of leukocyte will increase in number during allergic response
eosinophil
Centrifugation of blood gives a Buffy coat. This does NOT contain
erythrocytes
Which component of blood increases its viscosity
erythrocytes
Plasma resembles serum but has which additional protein?
fibrinogen
The final event in the formation of a blood clot is the conversion of
fibrinogen to fibrin
What are the components of the circulatory system
heart, blood vessels, blood
The process of producing the formed elements of blood is called
hematopoiesis
Which of the following proteins is not normally found in plasma
hemoglobin
Platelets play a key role in
hemostasis
Which of the following is not a function of blood
hormone production
Where is the aorta located?
left ventricle
Which chamber of the heart has the thickest myocardium
left ventricle
Which of the following is the region of the thoracic cavity where the heart is located
mediastinum
Between the left atrium and left ventricle
mitral valve
These are the most abundant leukocytes and are first to arrive when tissue damage occurs
neutrophils
Which is the form of anemia caused by lack of vitamin B12
pernicious anemia
If you need to examine antibodies against a virus in a patient, which part of the blood will you need?
plasma
Serotonin is released by
platelets
Thrombocytopenia is a low presence of
platelets
Separates the heart from the vessel that delivers blood to the lungs to receive oxygen
pulmonary
between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
pulmonary semilunar valve
The biconcave formed elements that lack mitochondria and a nucleus are called:
red blood cells
Where does hematopoiesis take place in adults
red bone marrow
What term is given to the event whereby the voltage of an action potential begins to return to its resting potential from the height of its peak
repolarization
Where are the inferior and superior vena cava located
right atrium
Assuming a patient is perfectly healthy, all blood in the right atrium will move into which area
right ventricle
Which of the following membranes are found in the body cavities and have parietal layers that line the cavities and visceral layers that cover the organs
serous membranes
Without a plateau extending the refractory period, cardiac muscle cells might be stimulated so quickly that they would not relax, leading to a sustained contraction known as what?
tetany
Separates the right atrium from the right ventricle
tricuspid
Between right atrium and right ventricle
tricuspid valve
During the depolarization phase of the cardiac muscle
voltage gated sodium channels open
Which of the following tests would help clinicians identify an infection
white blood cell differential count
