Exam 1 bio 241

In the figure of a sagittal section of a fingernail shown below, which afea acts similar to stratum basal, with mitotic cells?

E

Which area stores approximately half of the body's lipid, secures the skin to underlying structures and consist of adipose and areolar connective tissue?

E

Which plane would allow one to view the heart and lungs from a posterior view?

E

in the photomicrograph shown belo, in which layer do new cells arise?

E

which exocrine gland is primarily used for thermoregulation?

Eccrine sweat gland

Which of the following best describes the events occurring at point B in the diagram of deep wound healing shown below?

Epithelium is migrating across wound.

The skin is characterized by which of the following?

Exhibits epidermal ridges, more sweat glands and a higher density of sensory receptors. Found on palms, palmar surfaces of digits, and soles. The stratum lucidum is present.

Which pigment secreted by specialized cells in the skin is capable of absorbing ultraviolet light?

Melanin

Which of the following structures found in the skin help prevent water loss and inhibit bacterial growth on the surface of the skin?

Oil glands Lamellar granules

Which statements describe the structure or function of sebaceous glands?

Oil producing holocrine sebum

which of the following are characteristics of thick skin?

found in the palms, soles of the feet and fingertips. does not contain hair follicles. Contains more sweat glands than thin skin. Contain epidermal ridges.

Bunions are painful, pressure-sensitive areas that lead to displacement of the big toe. What term refers to the big toe?

hallux

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium composes the

epidermis

Which noninvasive diagnostic techniques is an example of inspection?

examining the surface of a patient's skin for presence of a rash

The subcutaneous layer is also known as the

hypodermis

An antigen is anything that can cause an immune response. Which subspecialty of physiology deals with the study of these responses?

immunology

Which body processes are controlled using a positive feedback loop?

increasing strength of uterine contractions in response to cervical stretch. depolarization causes sodium channels to open and the opening of sodium channels causes the membrane to depolarize.

In the diagram, the femoral area is _____ to the cervical area

inferior

Which condition results from androgens inhibiting hair growth in genetically predisposed adults?

male-pattern baldness

Albinism is the inherited inability to produce

melanin

what processes occurs when animo acids build new protein?

metabolism and anabolism

cutting open the chest at the sternal making would represent a ______ plane

mid sagittal

If blood concentrations of thyroid hormones increase above a certain level, Thyroid releasing hormone (TRH) neurons in the hypothalamus are inhibited and stop secreting TRH. This is an example of

negative feedback

The two organ systems that predominantly regulate and maintain homeostasis are the

nervous and endocrine systems

which subspecialty of physiology addresses pharmacology, chemistry, and physiology of nervous tissue?

neurophysiology

swimmer's ear is an infection in the outer ear canal. What anatomical term refers to the area affected?

otic

If one was reviewing the pattern of tissue changes associated with disease development, they would be studying

pathological anatomy

Which cavity contains the heart?

pericardial cavity

In the elderly, blood supply to the dermis is reduced and sweat glands are less active. this combination of factors would most affect.

the ability to thermoregulate

Apoptosis of cells occurs within the

stratum granulosum

Choose the directional term that would make the following sentence correct. The heart is _____ to the liver.

superior

the stomach is _____ to the urinary bladder

superior

During a visit to your doctor, you tell her about your recent experiences of headaches and anxiety. These changes in your body functions are considered________?

symptoms

In the photomicrograph shown below, which layer is only seen in thick skin?

B

in the figure of a sagittal section of a fingernail shown, a hangnail is associated with drying of what area?

B

In the diagram of skin shown below, which labeled structure generates fingerprints?

A

Which of the following areas in the diagram below gives the wound temporary integrity from external factor, like microbes?

A

Which structure in the figure produces a protein that helps protect the skin and underlying tissues from heat, microbes and chemicals?

A

Which structures in the figure are sensitive to warmth, coolness and itching?

A

In the diagram of a hair root shown, where does melanin get deposited?

A and B

which plane divides the body into unequal right and left halves?

B

Which of the labeled cells in the diagram of deep wound healing shown below create the framework of fibers that new tissue is built?

C

Which structure in the figure detects touch sensations?

C

In the diagram of skin shown below, which structures are composed of stratified cuboidal tissue?

C, E and F

Put the events of keratinization in order

Cells within this layer proliferate. cells increase in size, some retain ability to divide. Accumulate keratohyalin gramules. Cell membrane thickens. Cells imbedded in lipid matrix.

In the diagram of skin shown below, which structure illustrates that thin skin is present?

D

In the figure of a sagittal section of a fingernail shown, which area is comparable to the stratum corner with visible vascular tissue beneath?

D

in the photomicrograph shown below, which layer will contain melanocyte projections, keratinocytes and intraepidermal macrophages?

D

In the diagram of a hair root shown, which area is composed of dense connective tissue?

F

In the diagram, where are actively diving cells located?

G

In the diagram, where does apoptosis occur?

G

Which structure/ region is responsible for thermoregulation?

G

in the diagram of skin shown below, which area is primarily composed of areolar connective tissue?

G

which structures house Meissner's corpuscles, free nerve endings and capillary loops?

I

The buildup of bilirubin in an infant's blood can occur if the liver does not remove the chemical. This condition is

Jaundice

which of the following statements about keratin are correct?

Keratin is a tough, fibrous protein. Keratin helps protect the skin.

Which describes the study of the functions of the body structures?

Physiology

Feeling the presence of a mosquito biting your arms is an example of _______ ; itching the mosquito bite is an example of ______.

Responsiveness, movement

Vitamin C is important for collagen synthesis. Which area of the skin would be most affected if there is a deficiency in vitamin c?

Reticular region of the dermis

This type of exocrine gland undergoes a higher rate of mitosis due to its holocrine

Sebaceous gland

Which structure found in the skin plays an important role in the thermoregulation?

Sweat glands

which statement best describes why the diagram represents thick skin?

Thick skin contains five stratums.

A group of cells that work together to perform a particular function is a

Tissue

Which statements describing vitamin D are true.

When the skin is exposed to UV light, it begins the reaction to convert the precursor molecule to calcitriol in the liver, then n the kidneys. Vitamin D stimulates the uptake of calcium from the intestines. Vitamin D supplements can be taken if individuals are not exposed to UV light.

Blood is often drawn from the front of the elbow or the _______ marking.

antecubital

Choose the directional term that would make the sentence correct: The sternum is ____ to the heart.

anterior

If a doctor listens to a gurgling noise within the gastrointestinal tract, they are performing

auscultation

In the diagram, the calcaneal is _____ to the popliteal region?

contralateral

Dense irregular connective tissue will be found in the

dermis

How do much nutrients reach the epidermis?

diffusing through the tissue fluid from blood vessels in the dermis.

When your fingers touch your shoulder, they are considered ________ from the shoulder?

distal

A child is examined for chronic, pruritic (itching), plaques that appear red in the flexural areas of the body. What condition is the child most likely presenting?

eczema

Hormonal or electrical signals are sent from the control center to the

effectors

Which subspecialty of physiology deals with the effects of hormone control of reproduction

endocrinology

Which body fluid fills the narrow spaces between cells and tissues?

interstitial fluid

In a skin infection, which cell will take up and process microbial antigens?

intraepidermal macrophages

What are common characteristics of a negative feedback system?

involves control centers in the nervous or endocrine systems. stimulates changes that reverse the direction of the stimulus. important in maintaining homeostasis. regulates conditions in the body that remain fairly stable of long periods of time.

In the figure, the ascending colon and the gallbladder are considered_____ to each other.

ipsilateral

A raised scar that extends into previously normal tissue is a

keloid scar

Sutures are required to close up a tear in the skin. What term best describes this injury?

laceration

The ribs are ____ to the sternum

lateral

When holding your arms out to the side at shoulder level, your fingers are ________ from your midline.

lateral

which organs in the diagram are in the abdominal cavity?

liver, transverse colon, stomach

The abductor policies longs and extensor policies braves are muscles that help move what anatomical making?

pollex

Hydrochloric acid and pepsin are enzymes secreted by cells in the stomach to digest proteins. The presence of partially digested protein in the stomach triggers the secretion of more HCI and pepsin. Thus, once digestion begins, it becomes a self-accelerating process. This an example of ______.

positive feedback

A component that detects decreasing oxygen concentrations in blood would be the

receptor

the function of the secretions of the pleura is to

reduce friction between neighboring organs.

Secretion mixture of fats, sterols, proteins and salts, that prevent water loss and can inhibit the growth of some bacteria.

sebum

cardiomyopathy worsens as the heart weakens. Swelling in the legs occurs and is classified as

sign, disorder, disturbance

If someone receives CPR, compressions will be performed on the _____ area

sternal

Tactile epithelial cells are located in the

stratum basale

This layer is attached to the basement membrane by hemidesmosomes and to other cells by desmosomes.

stratum basale

Which statement is true?

the majority of the skin does not contain stratum lucidum. stratum lucidum is found in areas of high friction, such as the palms and soles.

Most adipose tissue in the body is considered 'white fat'. Why is the subcutaneous layer often yellowish-orange?

the pigment carotene is stored there.

Cutting the body in half at the diaphragm, would create the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity. What plane would create these halves?

transverse

An individual allergic to peanut butter eats a snack containing trace amounts. While the reaction is not severe, the individual shows signs of elevated patches all over their skin. These patches are

urticaria

Why does the skin feel hot on individuals with a fever?

vasodilation increases heat loss from the skin. Blood vessels dilate to allow increased blood flow from the deeper layers of the skin.

Put the cavities in order from broadest to most specific in which the urinary bladder is located

ventral, abdominopelvic, pelvic, parietal peritoneal, visceral peritoneal

Put the cavities in order from broadest to most specific in which the lungs are located

ventral, thoracic, parietal pleura, visceral pleura