Exam 1: Blood

Bill has never receives donor blood, but he wants to determine his blood type, so he takes a few drops of blood from a puncture wound in his finger and mixes it with various antisera. His blood cells agglutinate when mixed with the anti-A sera but not with the anti-B or anti-D sera. Bill has never received a blood transfusion and has not been exposed to any other person's blood. Which of the following is not true? - Bill's plasm contains Rh antibodies - Bill is Rh negative - Bill's plasma contains B antibodies - Bill could donate to an individual with type AB blood - Bill could receive type A-negative blood in a transfusion

Bill's plasma contains Rh antibodies

Neutrophils are most effective at:

Fighting a bacterial infection

Compare pernicious anemia with iron deficiency anemia

Pernicious anemia is insufficient red blood cell production caused by a deficiency in vitamin B12, whereas iron deficiency anemia is impaired hemoglobin synthesis caused by a deficiency in dietary intake or absorption of iron.

The enzyme that can digest fibrin and dissolve a clot is

Plasmin

A person's blood type is determined largely by the - presence of specific glycoproteins (antigens) on the cell membrane - shape of RBCs - size of RBCs - volume of RBCs - chemical character of the hemoglobin

Presence of specific glycoproteins (antigens) on the cell membrane

Which of the following statements concerning red blood cells is false? - Red cells lack mitochondria - RC can form stacks called rouleaux - RC are specialized for carrying oxygen - RC are biconcave discs - RC are about 28 um in diameter

RC are about 28 um in diameter

Blood reticulocyte counts provide information regarding ________.

Rate of erythrocyte formation

Most of the iron that is removed from degraded hemoglobin is

Recycled to red bone marrow

All red blood cells in an adult originate in the __________.

Red bone marrow

The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is initiated by the ________.

Release of tissue factor (Factor III) by damaged endothelium.

A hematocrit provides information on

formed elements abundance

What cell gives rise to ALL formed elements?

hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)

A patient's hematocrit shows an unusually large Buffy coat. What is likely a cause for this?

Severe infection

Sensitization during hemolytic disease erythroblastosis fetalis of the newborn refers to

The mother's immune system producing antibodies against the fetus' RBCs.

If a patient with type B blood received a transfusion of AB blood, which of the following would occur? - The patient's A antigens will agglutinate with the anti-A antibodies in the donor blood - The patient's anti-A antibodies will agglutinate with the A antigens in the donor blood - The patient's B antigens will agglutinate with the anti-B antibodies in the donor blood - The patient's anti-B antibodies will agglutinate with the B antigens in the donor blood

The patient's anti-A antibodies will agglutinate with the A antigens in the donor blood

Fred's blood was determined to be AB+. What does this mean?

There are no antibodies to A, or to Rh antigens in the plasma

The conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is catalyzed by

Thrombin

Tissue factor (Factor III) is a factor in the ________ pathway.

Extrinsic

Since erythrocytes lack a nucleus to make repairs, they only live:

100-120 days

Below are some of the factors involved in the extrinsic clotting pathway. 1. calcium 2. tissue factor (III) 3. prothrombin 4. factor X 5. fibrin 6. clotting factor VII What answer corresponds to the correct order in which they occur from the time of tissue damage to the formation of a blood clot?

2, 6, 1, 4, 3, 5

Which of these descriptions best matches the term platelets?

Adhere to collagen beneath endothelium

What plasma protein is most important for the blood's colloid osmotic pressure?

Albumin

______ is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is reduced

Anemia

Nora was exposed to radiation that caused her red bone marrow to make fewer red blood cells. This condition is known as __________.

Aplastic anemia

Which of the following is the name given to the union between carbon monoxide and hemoglobin? - Carbaminohemoglobin - Deoxyhemoglobin - Carboxyhemoglobin - Oxyhemoglobin

Carboxyhemoglobin

When is fibrin produced during the coagulation cascade?

Common Pathway

The _____ is a procedure that is used to determine the number of the various types of white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets, etc. - mean corpuscular volume - hematocrit - reticulocyte count - complete blood count

Complete blood count

The process of red blood cell production is known as:

Erythropoiesis

What activates the intrinsic pathway of coagulation?

Factor XII contacts exposed collagen fibers

Higher viscosity of blood will increase the amount of stress placed on the heart while it is pumping. Viscosity of blood is highest when ________. - hemoglobin levels are lowest - hematocrit is highest - plasma levels are highest - when heparin is present

Hematocrit is highest

More than 95 percent of the protein in a red blood cell is

Hemoglobin

Plasma proteins essential in body defense are the _____.

Immunoglobulins

With a patient that is administered an injection of erythropoietin (EPO) you would expect to see ________.

Increased hematocrit

Each heme ring in hemoglobin encloses an atom of

Iron

What organ secretes most of the plasma proteins?

Liver

If a person is severely dehydrated you would expect to see all of the following except ________. - Higher hematocrit - Higher blood viscosity - Lower plasma levels - Lower immunity

Lower immunity

Replacing lost blood volume with an isotonic saline solution ________.

Lowers the patient's hematocrit

Platelets are cell fragments formed from __________.

Megakaryotcytes

Through the microscope, you notice a very large leukocyte with a U-shaped nucleus. What type of leukocyte have you observed?

Monocyte

Which blood type is compatible with B- during a transfusion? - O- - O- and B+ - B+ - O+ - AB-

O-

Medications known as anticoagulants interfere with: - Vascular Spasms - Platelet Activation - Clot Retraction - The coagulation Cascade

The coagulation cascade

How would removal of calcium ions from a blood sample affect coagulation?

The coagulation pathway would be lacking a required cofactor at many steps and coagulation would be prevented.

Iron molecules released from the breakdown of hemoglobin are transported through the blood by:

Transferrin

What do vascular spasms contribute to the process of hemostasis?

Vascular spasms decrease blood vessel diameter to limit blood loss

What vitamin is necessary for the proper production of functional clotting factors in the liver?

Vitamin K

The combination of plasm and formed elements is called - Whole blood - packed blood - serum - extracellular fluid - lymph - hematocrit

Whole blood

hemolytic disease of the newborn may result if

an Rh-negative mother carries an Rh-positive fetus after prior exposure to D antigens

Erythropoiesis is stimulated when

both oxygen levels in the blood decrease

The common pathway of coagulation begins with the

conversion of Factor X to prothrombin activator.

Which of the following is not true of basophils?

increased production during parasitic infections