Exam 1: Chapters 1-3

A pH of 7.0 has ____ than a pH of 5.0.

100 times less acid

Which provides energy for various cell functions?

ATP

The energy needed to start a biological reaction is called:

Activation

Which of the following would speed up the rate of an exergonic reaction?

Adding a catalyst

The synthesis of complex molecules from smaller ones refers to:

Anabolic Processes

In this phase, centromeres split; chromatids (now called daughter chromosomes) are dragged by microtubules to opposite poles of the cell.

Anaphase

Choose the directional term that would make the following sentence correct. The sternum is _____ to the heart.

Anterior

Weak acid and weak bases that can add or remove protons (H+) to fluids in the body, thereby helping to keep pH levels at homeostatic levels, are called _____.

Buffers

What are the four most common elements in human bodies?

C, H, O, N

Atoms and molecules are part of which level of organization in the human body?

Chemical

Which response shows the correct sequence of the structural levels of organization?

Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organismal

A condition NOT regulated by a negative feedback loop would be:

Childbirth

A smoker is more prone to cough to try to remove foreign particles from their airway due to paralyzed ________.

Cillia

Which of the following would be an example of an anion?

Cl-

Which of the following sets the range of values within which a controlled condition should be maintained, evaluates the input it receives, and generates output commands?

Control Center

When two or more atoms share electrons instead of gaining or losing electrons ____ are formed.

Covalent Bonds

Which of the following is found within cells?

Cytosol

Which of the following organs is not found in the abdominal cavity?

Diaphragm

The random mixture or movement of molecules in a solution from an area of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration is called:

Diffusion

Most cells of the body are somatic cells, which are classified as ___________ because each cell contains the ____ number of chromosomes. In humans, this number is ________.

Diploid, 2n, 46

Which directional term means farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk or farther from the origination of a structure?

Distal

Match the function listed to the correct human body system: regulates body activities by releasing hormones.

Endocrine

What is the role of enzymes in a reaction?

Enzymes speed up a reaction without being altered or consumed

The fluid outside the cells is called ___; blood plasma is an example of ________ fluid.

Extracellular; extracellular

Triglycerides that are solid at room temperature are considered to be _____ .

Fats

The cell membrane structure is best described by the ______of membrane structure.

Fluid Mosaic Model

Which plane divides the body into anterior and posterior portions?

Frontal

The primary source for ATP is the human body is

Glucose

Equilibrium or balance in the body?s internal fluid environment is termed:

Homeostasis

What type of chemical bond commonly forms between adjacent water molecules?

Hydrogen Bonds

Which of the following solutions would cause hemolysis of red blood cells?

Hypotonic

Which is NOT a characteristic of an organic compound?:

Includes water and carbon dioxide

Which of the following would increase the rate of diffusion through a membrane?

Increasing the surface area

Which body fluid fills the narrow spaces between cells and tissues and directly affects the proper functioning of cells?

Interstitial fluid

In anatomical position, the thumb is ______ to the pinky finger.

Lateral

An atom whose valence electrons conform to the octet rule is:

Less likely to form any bond with another atom

Which of the following organelles plays an important role in phagocytosis (a type of endocytosis), contains a variety of digestive enzymes, and has transport pumps that maintain an acidic pH inside the organelle?

Lysosomes

Which term refers to the sum of all chemical processes that occur in the body?

Metabolism

During this phase chromatids line up with their centromeres along the equatorial plane.

Metaphase

What organelles generate ATP through the reactions of aerobic cellular respiration?

Mitochondria

The building blocks of carbohydrates are:

Monosaccharides

Cells are able to transport materials from one region of the cell to another just as the body is able to transport substances to different locations, or skeletal muscles (working with your skeleton) can transport you from the sofa to the refrigerator. What basic life process is illustrated by this description?

Movement

The two organ systems that regulate and maintain homeostasis are the

Nervous and endocrine systems

The fatty acid tails of the lipid bilayer are _________ and therefore _________:

Non-polar, hydrophobic

In what part of a cell would you find most of a cell's genetic material?

Nucleus

Transcription takes place in the ________ with the help of the enzyme called ________.

Nucleus, RNA polymerase

Which level of organization would be defined as 2 or more types of tissues and having a specific function?

Organ Level

Which cavity is located inferior to the abdominal cavity?

Pelvic cavity

Which of the following amphipathic molecules form the cell's bi-lipid membrane?

Phospholipids

Which term describes the study of the functions of body structures?

Physiology

What type of endocytosis allows cells to "drink" (take up tiny droplets of extracellular fluid)?

Pinocytosis

When one atom in a compound attracts the shared electrons more strongly than another atom a/an ____ bond is formed.

Polar Covalent

In this phase, chromatin condenses into distinct chromosomes each held together by a centromere.

Prophase

This Phase immediately follows interphase

Prophase

The atomic number of an atom is the number of ____in the nucleus.

Protons

Which imaging modality is usually used to detect breast cancer?

Radiography

Your hunger at 8:00 AM prompts you to head towards breakfast. Which characteristic of living organisms best fits this activity?

Responsiveness

A negative feedback control system_________ a change in homeostasis.

Reverses

The energy stored in a Na+ concentration gradient is used to pump other substances across a membrane against their concentration gradient in:

Secondary Active Transport

Changes that a clinician can observe and measure that are clearly related to an illness:

Sign

In a chemical reaction, the number of atoms of each element before the reaction and after the reaction:

Stays the same

Choose the directional term that would make the following sentence correct. The heart is _____ to the liver.

Superior

A transverse plane will cut a body or organ into

Superior and inferior portions

An unpaired electron in the outer shell of an oxygen molecule is called a/an:

Superoxide Free Radical

Blood is a complex body fluid. If a vial of blood is drawn for a blood test and is allowed to sit in a rack for some time, the red blood cells will settle out and drift to the bottom of the tube. This process indicates that at least as far as the blood cells are concerned, blood has the properties of what type of fluid?

Suspension

Dietary glucose is transported into a cell against its concentration gradient with the aid of membrane proteins called Na+/glucose _____.

Symporters?

The cytoplasm of a cell is made up of which of the following?

The cytosol and organelles

Which term defines a group of cells that work together to perform a particular function?

Tissue

The cells of the human body can differ in size and shape, and some can even alter their shape. This is an example of cellular diversity.

True

Meiosis differs from mitosis in that meiosis involves ______ division(s), with replication of DNA _______. By the time that cells complete meiosis, they will consist of _______ chromosomes.

Two, one, 23

Which of the following is a safe non-invasive imaging technique that uses the reflection of high frequency sound waves off of body tissues to visualize a fetus during pregnancy?

Ultrasound scanning

Which system of the body is responsible for elimination of wastes and regulating the volume and composition of the blood, including production of red blood cells?

Urinary

The outermost electron shell of an atom is termed the _______ shell.

Valence

Which of the following describes a body process that is controlled using a positive feedback loop?

increasing strength of uterine contraction in response to cervical stretch

Which directional term means farther from the midline?

lateral

A body that is lying face down is in the _______ position.

prone

The four quadrant areas of the abdominopelvic cavity are used:

to locate pain