Exam #1 correct answers

In an experiment, subjects were presented with a series of pictures, one after the other, and needed to decide for each one, by pressing one of two buttons, whether the picture portrayed any vehicles or not. Which of the following is expected:

1. On average, it will take longer for subjects to give a wrong answer than to give a correct answer 2. Some subjects, in some trials, will take significantly longer time to answer compared to the average 3. Subjects that make many errors tend to respond quicker than subjects that make fewer errors

Assume that when hearing a sound in 20 Decibels and then increasing the volume slowly, subjects realize the volume was increased when reaching 30 Decibels. If subjects hear a 6 Decibel sound and then the volume is increased, what would be the minimum volume for subjects to recognize the increase?

9 Decibels

Seeing a row of stars written in black as part of the regular Stroop task would be modeled in Cohen's neural network model as:

Activation of the "Black" Color input neuron, activation of the "Color naming" Task demand input neuron, and no activation of any of the Word input neurons

Which of the following is a criticism of the cognitive psychology discipline:

Behavioral experiments do not constraint models sufficiently The is not a lot of "meat" in information processing models Consciousness is not explained by the discipline

In the standard model of the cognitive system:

Both Storage and Rehearsal are operations initiating in short term memory

Which of the following constitutes contradictory evidence to Behaviorism's approach to language learning:

Children generalize past-tense rules to inappropriate circumstances (e.g., "throwed")

Which of the following is used to explain results in cognitive experiments?

Connectionist models Information processing models Descriptive explanations

Which of the following represents a clear example for the "Recursive Decomposition principle" of Palmer and Kimchi:

Describing word recognition process as composed of two stages, lexical recognition and semantic recognition; and describing the lexical stage as itself composed of 3 sub-stages including phonetic, phonologic and morphologic identification

In Posner's letter identification experiment, why does it take longer, on average, to detect the difference between the pair M and N compared to the pair M and O in the physical comparison task?

M and N are more similar at the physical level

According to Fodor, which of the following is not a feature of modules:

Parallel processing

What are the two types of External representations?

Pictorial and Linguistic

What was the historical order by which the following disciplines have emerged (from the first to the last)?

Psychophysics -> Behaviorism -> Cognitive Psychology

Which of the following is an example of non-declarative memory:

Riding a bike

Which of the following is always true, without exception:

SOA is higher or equal to ISI

Which of the following is not a classic distinction in the standard model of the cognitive system?

Supervised vs. Unsupervised

Which of the following is a fundamental assumption about the function of the cognitive system?

The cognitive system contains representations of the world and conducts transformations between these representations

Based on Marr's "three levels of analysis" theorem, describing a phone as a device used to connect between people from a distance, fits:

The computational level

A new experiment employing the Stroop task required subjects to use hand gestures to respond to stimuli (e.g., one hand gesture to signal "red", another to signal "blue" and so on). No Stroop effect was found. This result strengthens the claim that:

The conflict in information processing that arises during the Stroop task does not originate in the response selection module

In the semantic comparison task of Posner's letter identification experiment, it takes longer on average to detect the identity between the pair Aa compared to the pair AA. In the Stroop task, it takes longer to respond when seeing the word Blue written in red compared to Blue written in blue. Those effects are similar because:

They both stem from conflicting information in incongruent trials