EXAM 1 (Developmental Psychology - 2004)

When Lyla calls a dog a "kitty cat" because it has four legs, Lyla has engaged in _________________. After going to the zoo, she learns that leopards and tigers are often called cats, but that dogs are not cats. Lyla has now engaged in _______________. infantile amnesia; recasting . accommodation; assimilation . circular reactions; habituation assimilation; accommodation

assimilation; accommodation

Development can be defined as the pattern of movement or change that: begins at childhood and continues until adulthood. begins at birth and continues through the human life span. begins at conception and continues through the human life span. begins at conception and continues until adulthood.

begins at conception and continues through the human life span.

In the nature-nurture issue, nature refers to an organism's _____, nurture to its _____. attributes; ecological heritage acquired traits, heredity biological inheritance; environmental experiences personality traits; abilities

biological inheritance; environmental experiences

A teratogen is any agent that can cause: organogenesis. birth defects. . fetal movement. maternal back pain.

birth defects.

Clark's genotype contains a dominant gene for brown eye color and recessive gene for blue eye color. According to the dominant-recessive gene principle, which of the following phenotypes is most likely to be observed in Clark? brown eyes blue eyes black eyes grey eyes

brown eyes

Mandy sees a little girl in the grocery store throwing a tantrum for a toy. Mandy screams and cries for some candy the following week at the mall. Mandy is displaying: . object permanence. . deferred imitation . dishabituation. habituation.

deferred imitation

The "visual cliff" experiment was used to measure: visual acuity. shape constancy. size constancy. depth perception.

depth perception.

Dr. Hudson spends her career studying how and why people of all ages and circumstances change or remain the same over time. Dr. Hudson is studying: social psychology developmental psychology . sports psychology . forensic psychology

developmental psychology

Farah shows her baby a colorful block several times. At first, the baby stares intently at the block, but then is no longer interested in it and looks away, bored. The baby is displaying _____. imitation distraction habituation . dishabituation

habituation

According to Chomsky, children are born with an innate ability to learn language at a certain time and in a certain way. This biological endowment that enables children to detect the rules of language is called: language acquisition device (LAD) Morphology . Broca's aphasia . Wernicke's aphasia

language acquisition device (LAD)

When Tiffany looks in the mirror, she sees her brown hair and brown eyes. These observable characteristics are known as: . zygote . genotype . phenotype . gamete

phenotype

Jake, age 11 months, is able to pick up cereal and bits of fruit off the tray of his high chair by grasping them with his thumb and forefinger. Jake has developed the: Moro reflex fencing reflex . palmer grasp pincer grip

pincer grip

"Want ice cream", "Fall down", and "Mommy give cookie" are all examples of: holophrases. . telegraphic speech . repetitive speech patterns. reflexive speech patterns.

telegraphic speech

Little Susie can brush her teeth all by herself, but still needs help tying her shoes. According to Vygotsky, the task of shoe-tying falls into Susie's __________________. . apprenticeship in thinking . original sin . tabula rasa zone of proximal development

zone of proximal development

Match the key term or stage to its corresponding description. 1) Additional growth and refinement in the brain as a result of specific learning experiences 2) Disorder resulting from lack of parental love, high stress and/or lack of stimulation; infants' bodies do not develop, they withdraw 3) Wasted condition of the body caused by a diet low in all essential nutrients; starvation 4) Caused by unbalanced diet low in protein; often indicated by swelling of the abdomen, loss of hair, skin rash, irritable/listless behavior 5)Anal Stage 6)Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt # Select Match A) experience-dependent brain growth B)non-organic failure to thrive C)marasmus D)kwashiorkor E) Freud's second stage of psychosexual personality development in which pleasure is derived from the evacuation of feces F)Erikson's second stage of psychosocial development in which children are either developing a sense of independence and pride in their accomplishments or insecurity/shame

1) Additional growth and refinement in the brain as a result of specific learning experiences #experience-dependent brain growth 2) Disorder resulting from lack of parental love, high stress and/or lack of stimulation; infants' bodies do not develop, they withdraw #non-organic failure to thrive 3) Wasted condition of the body caused by a diet low in all essential nutrients; starvation #marasmus 4) Caused by unbalanced diet low in protein; often indicated by swelling of the abdomen, loss of hair, skin rash, irritable/listless behavior #kwashiorkor 5)Anal Stage #Freud's second stage of psychosexual personality development in which pleasure is derived from the evacuation of feces 6)Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt #Erikson's second stage of psychosocial development in which children are either developing a sense of independence and pride in their accomplishments or insecurity/shame

The newborn's vision is estimated to be _____ on the well-known Snellen chart used for eye examinations. 20/80 20/240 20/40 20/20

20/240

Bob and Kathy are about to have a baby. Bob has brown eyes, but is also a carrier of the recessive blue eye allele. Kathy has blue eyes, meaning that she carries two recessive alleles for blue eyes. What percent chance is there that the offspring will have blue eyes? 50% 25% 75% 100%

50%

One criticism of Piaget's theory (and stage theories in general) is that: He was not specific enough about how exactly infants learn about their world. . Infants are generally more competent than Piaget thought. Infants develop certain abilities much quicker than Piaget's theory estimates, and cognitive development is often more continuous as opposed to moving abruptly through stages. All of the above

All of the above

Mary is six years-old and in kindergarten. What is Mary's current developmental period? Late Childhood . Middle Childhood . Infancy Early Childhood

Early Childhood

Development is something that only occurs in childhood. TRUE FALSE

False

Let's say you are a developmental psychologist and you are currently working with a boy who is showing slow physical growth as well as multiple facial abnormalities including small head, thin upper lip, and small eye openings. He also demonstrates impairment when it comes to memory, language, attention span, and motor coordination. Which diagnosis would best fit this child? Fetal alcohol syndrome . Partial Fetal alcohol syndrome Alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder . Rh factor incompatibility

Fetal alcohol syndrome

What is the main difference between fraternal (dizygotic) and identical (monozygotic) twins? Fraternal twins are more fun at parties than identical twins. . Fraternal twins join fraternities in college, whereas identical twins join sororities in college. . Fraternal twins result from the release and fertilization of two ova, whereas identical twins occur when a zygote separates into two clusters of cells that become two individuals with the same genetic makeup. . Fraternal twins never wear matching clothes, whereas identical twins always wear the same clothes.

Fraternal twins result from the release and fertilization of two ova, whereas identical twins occur when a zygote separates into two clusters of cells that become two individuals with the same genetic makeup.

Let's say you are about to be a proud new parent. What determines whether or not your baby is a boy or a girl? It all depends on the location of the earth in relation to the moon. . It all depends on the sexual position used during conception. It depends on whether or not the woman drinks dairy products frequently during the 1st month following conception. Lots of milk means she is having a girl. If an X-bearing sperm fertilizes the ovum, you are having a girl. If a Y-bearing sperm fertilizes the ovum, you are having a boy.

If an X-bearing sperm fertilizes the ovum, you are having a girl. If a Y-bearing sperm fertilizes the ovum, you are having a boy.

The results of Harlow's rhesus monkey study suggest that: In terms of forming attachments, sustenance, or oral fixation factors, are more important than tactile factors such as physical warmth and comfort. . In terms of forming attachments, the likeness of fur color between the infant and the mother is most important. . In terms of forming attachments, the number of siblings that the child has affects the level of attachment between the child and the mother. . In terms of forming attachments, tactile factors, such as physical warmth and comfort, are more important than sustenance, or oral fixation, factors.

In terms of forming attachments, tactile factors, such as physical warmth and comfort, are more important than sustenance, or oral fixation, factors.

What do we know about normal perceptual development in infancy and toddlerhood? Babies do not hear or organize sounds. Infants spend more time looking at faces when they are arranged naturally vs. unnaturally. . Children cannot perceive depth until age 3, as evidenced by the visual cliff studies in which children crawl/walk right off the edge of the glass. . Babies have no preferences when it comes to listening to their native tongue or a foreign language.

Infants spend more time looking at faces when they are arranged naturally vs. unnaturally.

Which of the following women has the highest probability of giving birth to a child with Down syndrome? Jane, a 41-year-old Euro-American woman. Sarah, a 21-year-old Asian woman. Destiny, a 38-year-old African American woman. Ella, a 27-year-old African American woman.

Jane, a 41-year-old Euro-American woman.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of beneficial child care? Health and safety needs are met Language and sensorimotor development are discouraged Caregivers are professional and responsive . Each child receives adequate attention

Language and sensorimotor development are discouraged

Which of the following is a TRUE statement regarding physical development in infancy and toddlerhood? Many factors contribute to physical growth in infancy and toddlerhood including heredity, nutrition, and emotional well-being. Body growth in infancy and toddlerhood is very slow when compared with other periods in our lives. Growth tends to begin with the hands and feet, working inward toward the center of toddlers' bodies. Infants' and toddlers' legs tend to develop faster than their heads.

Many factors contribute to physical growth in infancy and toddlerhood including heredity, nutrition, and emotional well-being.

Which of the following is the U.S. Surgeon General's recommendation regarding alcohol intake during pregnancy? One or two servings of hard liquor a few days a week can have positive effects on the fetus. No alcohol should be consumed during pregnancy. One or two servings of beer or wine a few days a week can have positive effects on the fetus. It is wise to consume alcohol in moderation at the time of conception.

No alcohol should be consumed during pregnancy.

Identify the correct sequence of the five stages of psychosexual development described in Freud's theory of development. Oral, phallic, anal, latency, and genital Anal, genital, oral, phallic, and latency Oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital Genital, oral, anal, phallic, and latency

Oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital

Which of the following would Erik Erikson be most likely to recommend about soothing a crying infant? Pick up the baby and soothe him or her so that a healthy sense of trust develops. Do not soothe the baby because he or she will be spoiled. Soothe the baby every other time, so that he or she does not become dependent on external comforters. Allow the infant to cry because this will encourage the development of a self-sufficient child.

Pick up the baby and soothe him or her so that a healthy sense of trust develops.

Amir is 18 months old. According to Piaget's theory, he is in which of the following stages of cognitive development? Sensorimotor Preoperational Concrete operational Formal operational

Sensorimotor

Match the Stage theory with the appropriate person attributed to its development: Selected Match Psychosexual Stage Theory Sociocultural Theory Cognitive Development Stage Theory Psychosocial Stage Theory Sigmund Freud Erik Erikson Lev Vygotsky Jean Piaget

Sigmund Freud Psychosocial Stage Theory Erik Erikson Sociocultural Theory Lev Vygotsky Cognitive Development Stage Theory

Victoria graduated college and is currently working for Publix making $50,000 a year as a store manager. She currently lives in a 3-bedroom apartment with her boyfriend Frank. This description can be considered Victoria's: Socioeconomic Status . Culture . Ethnicity . Race

Socioeconomic Status

Which of the following is a TRUE statement regarding temperament? Children's temperament styles are much more inhibited in the United States than in China. The most common temperament is the slow-to-warm-up type. Temperament has a lot of influences including biological, genetic, cultural, and environmental. The difficult child quickly establishes regular routines, is generally cheerful, and adapts easily to new experiences.

Temperament has a lot of influences including biological, genetic, cultural, and environmental.

One of the goals of the Human Genome Project is: To make beautiful music that will be appreciated for generations to come To provide counseling services to anyone who can't stop playing Pokemon Go. To search for lifeforms on other planets and to establish methods of open communication To prevent and correct hereditary defects through various methods including gene therapy

To prevent and correct hereditary defects through various methods including gene therapy

The life-span perspective views development as all of the following except: Multicontextual Unidirectional Multicultural Multidisciplinary

Unidirectional

Textbook Bonus Question - aren't you glad you bought it?!?! Turn to page 27 of your textbook. Which psychologist's photo can you find at the top of the page? Sigmund Freud Erik Erikson Jean Piaget Urie Bronfenbrenner

Urie Bronfenbrenner

Which child is demonstrating a primary circular reaction? Lila, who claps her hands when her family members clap. . Connor, who was going to stick his fork in a light socket but decided otherwise when he saw his brother Henry do it and get electrocuted. Walter, who has adapted such that he sucks differently when breastfeeding versus using a pacifier. Henry, who stuck his fork in a light socket.

Walter, who has adapted such that he sucks differently when breastfeeding versus using a pacifier.

In which of the following situations will 9-month-old Lucy show the LEAST stranger anxiety? When she meets a passive stranger in an unfamiliar place . When she meets an unsmiling stranger at her home . When she meets an aggressive stranger in an unfamiliar place . When she meets another 9-month-old baby at her home

When she meets another 9-month-old baby at her home

Under normal conditions, about how much time does a newborn baby spend in both regular and irregular sleep? about 16-18 hours per day . about 22-24 hours per day . about 2-4 hours per day . about 8-10 hours per day

about 16-18 hours per day

In the Strange Situation, Latoya basically ignored her mother, was not upset when she left the room, and did not seek her out when she returned. Mary Ainsworth would most likely classify Latoya as being: insecure avoidant . securely attached . insecure antisocial . insecure resistant

insecure avoidant

Psychologists, sociologists, anthropologists, neuroscientists, and medical researchers all share an interest in unlocking the mysteries of development through the life span. This indicates how development is: multidisciplinary multicontextual malleable/plastic multidirectional

multidisciplinary

When she was a child, Anna's home was wrecked by a tornado and her neighbor was killed. More than 30 years later, she is still terrified of storms. This is an example of how a ____ event can influence a person's development. normative generational . nonnormative life . normative history-graded . normative age-graded

nonnormative life

Heather is shown a teddy bear. The teddy bear is then hidden from her, and she searches for it. This shows that Heather has developed a sense of _____. telegraphic thinking . infinite generativity . symbolic manipulation . object permanence

object permanence

When Martha wants to feed her newborn son, she gently brushes her nipple against his cheek and, in a _____ reflex, he turns his head toward the side that was touched and immediately latches on to her breast. sucking . Moro . grasping rooting

rooting

Sakura isn't a particularly active child, and he tends to be wary of new situations and people. Although he doesn't cry, he dislikes dealing with novel situations. According to Thomas & Chess, he would be classified as: a slow-to-warm-up child. a slow child. an easy child. a difficult child.

slow-to-warm-up child.